英语语法——并列句

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一、什么是并列句

就是用连词连接两个句子。
I love you, you love that dog. //上一讲已经讲过这句存在语法错误。
改写：
I loving you, you love that dog. // 独立主格
I love you but you love that dog. // 并列句
Although I love, you love that dog. // 让步状语从句

二、常见的并列连词

• 平行：and, not only... but also...
• similarly, equally, likewise, at the same time = in the meanwhile
• 转折：but, yet, while, whereas
• however, nevertheless, on the contrary, conversely 相反地, unexpectedly 意外地, unfortunately 不幸地, by contrast 相比而言
• 选择：or, whether... or...
• alternatively
• 因果：for, so
• therefore , thus, consequently, as a result
• 递进：then
• besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, subsequently, in addition

这个男人很有钱，我决定嫁给他。
The man is rich. I decide to marry to him.
只要写作的上下句有逻辑关系，就一定要用逻辑关系词（连词、副词、介词和介词短语）。
翻译：
爱情早已不在了他还留恋过去。（转折）(已经、曾经，都有现在完成时）
Romance has evaporated but she still misses the past.
Romance has evaporated. On the contrary she still misses the past.
Romance has evaporated and on the contrary she still misses the past.
连词和其他的逻辑关系词的区别

• 连词的前面有无逗号均可。
• 而其他的逻辑关系词前要么用句号要么加连词and。

三、考点分析

1. 写作考点

翻译：
有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。
There remain an army of companies coming from afar, and consequently, I feel more than delighted.
都说我如水百变，可知我清澈不变。
I am claimed changeable like water. By contrast, my clarity keeps consistent.
你还记得那天吗？我没有通过四级考试，独自在雨中哭泣。你走了过来，拍拍我的肩膀，告诉我人生没有终点。
Do you still keep that day in mind? I failed to pass CET4, and as a result, I shed tears in the rain alone. As the same time you came up to me and subsequently you beat me shoulder and told me “there exists no destination in life”.

2. 完型考点（最多8题最少2题）

只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后两句话的意思。

3. 长难句分析

在分析长难句的时候只要有并列连词通常都会有省略。长难句第二部找连词，但是当连词在连接两个单词，这个连词就装作没看见。翻译的时候先把省略的部分补全再翻译。那如何查找省略的内容呢？
一句话只要有省略就一定会省略在连词后而不是连词前。→ 所以连词后有的成分连词后通常有。→连词前有而连词后没有的成分便是省略的内容。如果连此后只有一个成分，连词前一定能找到它的对应成分，如果连词后有多个成分连词前不一定都能找到它们的对应成分，但至少能找到一个。

例1：
Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as enconomists and operational reseach experts.
specialize in 专业是…… 擅长是……

目前，这需要中央控制的各种措施所以专家的帮助比如说经济学家和操作专家。
and hence the help of specialized scientists → and + n. + 定，安照前面总结的规则，连词前应该有相同的成分。varying measures of centralized control匹配成功。连词前就比连词后多了this requirs，补充到and后：this requirs hence the help of specialized scientists。再翻译：目前，这需要中央控制的各种措施所以这也需要专家的帮助比如说经济学家和操作专家。

例2：
The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and purused romantcally.
be likely to do 可能做某事，more 更可能做某事

数据表明，颜值高的人更容易受到父母的宠爱寻找作为朋友和浪漫的追求。
谓语suggest，连词and，找到and purused romantcallly → and + Ved + 状。在and前面找相同成分：sought out as friends（实义动词后面跟状语as friends）成分匹配，再往前找，more likely to be treated well by their parents，补全句子more likely to be sought out as firends, and more likely to be purused romantcally在翻译。数据表明，颜值高的人更容易被父母宠爱更容易交到朋友更容易受到浪漫的追求。

例3：
There is no agreement wheter methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the reasearch technique appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

special 特殊的；特别的
particuarly = such as 尤其是
peculiar （皮裤说谎）古怪的；奇怪的 = weird
peculiar to …所特有的，…所专属的
specific = concrete 具体的

appropriate to 对…合适的
inquire 询问打听（研究）

人们对此没有达成一致的观点，方法论指的是一般的历史研究中专有的概念还是，还是适用于各个历史研究分支的研究方法。

例4：
Until there issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be regected, and with it prossibly the only way to solve our problems.
1.找谓语：are resolved(前有引导词Until故排除）,will continue。
2.找连词：and
连词后=介词短语(with it)+副词(possibly)+n.(the only way) + 定(to solve our problems)
连词前=n.(a technology) + 定（of behavior) + 谓语结构.(will continue to be regected)
所以连词前介短和副词没有对应，连词后省略的是谓语结构。

这些问题得到解决之前，行为技术将继续被拒绝。解决我们问题的唯一方法也将随之继续被排斥。

例5:
Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes for pictures or music was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
be injurious to 对…有害
be convince 确信

达尔文相信缺少对绘画和音乐的兴趣不但是他时区了快乐，而且可能对他的智力造成损害，更可能对他的道德品质产生影响。

例6：
As families move away from their statble community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
that information will be available 同位语从句

随着家人搬离他们的稳定社区，他们多年的朋友，他们大家庭关系，小道消息被切断，那些当需要信息时可靠的自信也随之消失了。

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