英语学习——长难句01

英语学习——长难句01

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Introduction
作为未来的程序员，考研党，学好英语是必须的。所以更新一下我的英语学习笔记。有需要的同学可以作为参考。这里我是听的章晋林老师的课。
Body

长难句试炼笔记
第一课 introduction课程介绍及试讲

前言
1、 词汇
A、 完形填空
B、 阅读中的词汇题
C、 阅读中的正确选项和原文的同义替换（题干和原文的定位替换）
2、 核心提炼能力
A、 长句核心
B、 段落核心

3、 阅读长难句的难点：
例：
In the Mesa Verde area of the ancient North American
Southwest（地点状语）, living patterns changed（主谓结构） in the thirteenth century（时间状语）,
with（伴随状语） large numbers of people moving into large communal
dwellings called pueblos（后置定语）, often constructed at the edges of
canyons, especially on the sides of cliffs.（非限制性定语）
解释：居住方式发生了什么改变？
大量人，移动到大地方去住。
Q：It can be learned from the passage that______
A:People tended to live together in pueblos
B:Pueblos were mainly built on the brink(边缘) of the cliffs
考研阅读理解正确选项的特色：同义替换

A、 词汇（单篇文章生词率不超过3%，包括原文+题干+选项）
Communal 社区的；群体的（group；race）
On the cliff=at stake
Dwell 徘徊 dwelling 定居；居所
Develop 发展 developing 欠发达的 developed 发达的
Canyons 峡谷
例：
⼀个外表英俊潇洒风流倜傥内⼼极度猥琐极度邪恶的男⼈在⼀个夜⿊风⾼伸⼿不见五指的夜晚深深地令⼈发指地⽆法挽回地爱上了⼀个外表冰清⽟洁⼩鸟依⼈内⼼极其恶毒极其淫荡的⼥⼈，但是这个恐怖的⼥⼈⽆情地拒绝了这个脑残的男⼈。
中文中也会有复杂的修饰来干扰对主干的理解；
主干：一个男人爱上了一个女人但是这个女人拒绝了这个男人
B、 语法结构

C、 核心提炼
考点：清晰表达的观点+明确的情感色彩
4、 快速提炼长句核⼼，对于句间逻辑的梳理⾄关重要
Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius. His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical. Up until his time, the task of producing a dictionary on such a large scale had seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy to make decisions about right and wrong usage. Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself.
本段的核⼼是什么？

第一句：
Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the heights of genius.

Critic 评论家
Critical 至关重要的，批评的（常在态度题选项中出现）
Criticism 批判主义
Common sense 常识
J是个诗⼈，是个评论家
小并列的处理（poet/critic）
J可以把常识提升到天才的⾼度
定语从句：
1、 定从中是否存在特殊关系
2、 定从是否对其限定抽象名词做解释

His approach to the problems(后置定语) that had worried writers(定从) throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries(时间状语) was intensely状语practical.

语法主干：Approach was practical方法是有效的

只有否定类副词作状语是重要内容，其余一律视为very加深程度

在学会画成份的基础上，提炼主要内容，考点

Up until his time(时间状语), the task of producing a dictionary on such a large scale(后置定语) had seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy(条件状语) to make decisions about right and wrong usage(后置定语).
语法主⼲：The task had seemed impossible
J用他的方法完成了
Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself.
阅读中的经典结构：否定+解释 印证了预判

本段的核⼼是什么？
⽜逼的J⽤他⽜逼的⽅法把⼀个不可能完成的任务独⾃完成了

Indeed, stability of the biological clock’s period is one of its major features, even when the organism’s environment is subjected to considerable changes in factors, such as temperature, that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly. 以下哪个选项完美符合原句内容？
A. Stability, a feature of the biological clock’s period, depends on changeable factors such as temperature. 后半句错误
B. A major feature of the biological clock is that its period does not change despite significant changes in the environment.

C. A factor such as temperature is an important feature in the establishment of the biological clock’s period. 长句的语法组干才是重要内容stability不见了
D. Biological activity is not strongly affected by changes in temperature.
stability不见了
分析：

Indeed, stability of the biological clock‘s period is one of its major features, even when(让步状语从句) the organism’s environment is subjected to=suffer from(遭受到) considerable=substantial changes in factors, such as temperature(举例), that would be expected to affect biological activity strongly(定从).

Features特色
Stability is feature ，organism’s environment is subjected to 尽管当有机环境遭受变化，例如

考研真题
Super-high scores like Vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.
Q. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because____
[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

A rather than B，是A⽽不是B ⼤概率考点在A⽽不是B

老师的总结：
Lesson1 总结：

1. 语法的学习，在长难句中，是帮助我们做sentence simplification
2. 长难句的核⼼有⼆：语法主⼲+重要逻辑
3. 命题的重点⼀般在长难句的核⼼上，长难句的次要信息，⽤于 设置错误选项

我对本课总结：本节课是长难句的第一节课，老师介绍了本课程的学习方法，及公众号每日一句的使用方法。
知识部分：攻克长难句的方法：
1、 首先是词汇量，生词量要不超过3%才能达到高分的可能；
2、 长句子抓主干，重点就在主干。
3、 答案中的内容有很多是原文的同义替换，所以词汇量以及熟词僻义的掌握也很重要。
最后，本节课只是带大家试探性的来解决一些长难句，可能过程中会有困难，但是只是开始，后面还有十节课来解释长难句到底要怎么来攻克。

2020年5月17日记