树莓派官方发布的最新的操作系统中，都继承了BlueZ蓝牙模组库，所以只要树莓派上有蓝牙适配器(不管是自带的还是外接的)，都可以使用蓝牙功能。
其他操作系统我们这里不讨论，因为例如Windows 10 IOT和Android things他们封装的蓝牙模组库的用法可能会完全不同，所以我们讨论起来就天长地久白头偕老了~
BlueZ
我们就先看看在树莓派的Linux下的终端(命令行)里怎么操作蓝牙模组库BlueZ。
- 获取BlueZ版本
bluetoothd -v - 查看BlueZ运行状况
systemctl status bluetooth - 查看蓝牙适配器信息
hciconfig -a - 启动蓝牙服务
systemctl start bluetooth - 关闭蓝牙服务
systemctl stop bluetooth - 启用蓝牙服务
systemctl enable bluetooth - 禁用蓝牙服务
systemctl disable bluetooth - 进入蓝牙控制台
bluetoothctl - 在蓝牙控制台列出蓝牙适配器
list - 在蓝牙控制台显示蓝牙适配器的信息
show [ctrl] - 在蓝牙控制台设置默认的蓝牙适配器
select - 在蓝牙控制台列出可连接的蓝牙设备
devices - 在蓝牙控制台列出已配对的蓝牙设备
paired-devices - 在蓝牙控制台设置蓝牙适配器电源
power - 在蓝牙控制台设置蓝牙适配器是否可配对
pairable - 在蓝牙控制台设置蓝牙适配器是否可被法线
discoverable - 在蓝牙控制台设置蓝牙适配器是否可被法线
discoverable - 在蓝牙控制台启动蓝牙设备扫描
scan on - 在蓝牙控制台停止蓝牙设备扫描
scan off
systemctl
systemctl [OPTIONS...] {COMMAND} ...
Query or send control commands to the systemd manager.
-h --help Show this help
--version Show package version
--system Connect to system manager
--user Connect to user service manager
-H --host=[USER@]HOST
Operate on remote host
-M --machine=CONTAINER
Operate on local container
-t --type=TYPE List only units of a particular type
--state=STATE List only units with particular LOAD or SUB or ACTIVE stat
-p --property=NAME Show only properties by this name
-a --all Show all loaded units/properties, including dead/empty
ones. To list all units installed on the system, use
the 'list-unit-files' command instead.
-l --full Don't ellipsize unit names on output
-r --recursive Show unit list of host and local containers
--reverse Show reverse dependencies with 'list-dependencies'
--job-mode=MODE Specify how to deal with already queued jobs, when
queueing a new job
--show-types When showing sockets, explicitly show their type
-i --ignore-inhibitors
When shutting down or sleeping, ignore inhibitors
--kill-who=WHO Who to send signal to
-s --signal=SIGNAL Which signal to send
-q --quiet Suppress output
--no-block Do not wait until operation finished
--no-wall Don't send wall message before halt/power-off/reboot
--no-reload When enabling/disabling unit files, don't reload daemon
configuration
--no-legend Do not print a legend (column headers and hints)
--no-pager Do not pipe output into a pager
--no-ask-password
Do not ask for system passwords
--global Enable/disable unit files globally
--runtime Enable unit files only temporarily until next reboot
-f --force When enabling unit files, override existing symlinks
When shutting down, execute action immediately
--preset-mode= Specifies whether fully apply presets, or only enable,
or only disable
--root=PATH Enable unit files in the specified root directory
-n --lines=INTEGER Number of journal entries to show
-o --output=STRING Change journal output mode (short, short-monotonic,
verbose, export, json, json-pretty, json-sse, cat)
--plain Print unit dependencies as a list instead of a tree
Unit Commands:
list-units [PATTERN...] List loaded units
list-sockets [PATTERN...] List loaded sockets ordered by address
list-timers [PATTERN...] List loaded timers ordered by next elapse
start NAME... Start (activate) one or more units
stop NAME... Stop (deactivate) one or more units
reload NAME... Reload one or more units
restart NAME... Start or restart one or more units
try-restart NAME... Restart one or more units if active
reload-or-restart NAME... Reload one or more units if possible,
otherwise start or restart
reload-or-try-restart NAME... Reload one or more units if possible,
otherwise restart if active
isolate NAME Start one unit and stop all others
kill NAME... Send signal to processes of a unit
is-active PATTERN... Check whether units are active
is-failed PATTERN... Check whether units are failed
status [PATTERN...|PID...] Show runtime status of one or more units
show [PATTERN...|JOB...] Show properties of one or more
units/jobs or the manager
cat PATTERN... Show files and drop-ins of one or more units
set-property NAME ASSIGNMENT... Sets one or more properties of a unit
help PATTERN...|PID... Show manual for one or more units
reset-failed [PATTERN...] Reset failed state for all, one, or more
units
list-dependencies [NAME] Recursively show units which are required
or wanted by this unit or by which this
unit is required or wanted
Unit File Commands:
list-unit-files [PATTERN...] List installed unit files
enable NAME... Enable one or more unit files
disable NAME... Disable one or more unit files
reenable NAME... Reenable one or more unit files
preset NAME... Enable/disable one or more unit files
based on preset configuration
preset-all Enable/disable all unit files based on
preset configuration
is-enabled NAME... Check whether unit files are enabled
mask NAME... Mask one or more units
unmask NAME... Unmask one or more units
link PATH... Link one or more units files into
the search path
get-default Get the name of the default target
set-default NAME Set the default target
Machine Commands:
list-machines [PATTERN...] List local containers and host
Job Commands:
list-jobs [PATTERN...] List jobs
cancel [JOB...] Cancel all, one, or more jobs
Snapshot Commands:
snapshot [NAME] Create a snapshot
delete NAME... Remove one or more snapshots
Environment Commands:
show-environment Dump environment
set-environment NAME=VALUE... Set one or more environment variables
unset-environment NAME... Unset one or more environment variables
import-environment NAME... Import all, one or more environment variables
Manager Lifecycle Commands:
daemon-reload Reload systemd manager configuration
daemon-reexec Reexecute systemd manager
System Commands:
is-system-running Check whether system is fully running
default Enter system default mode
rescue Enter system rescue mode
emergency Enter system emergency mode
halt Shut down and halt the system
poweroff Shut down and power-off the system
reboot [ARG] Shut down and reboot the system
kexec Shut down and reboot the system with kexec
exit Request user instance exit
switch-root ROOT [INIT] Change to a different root file system
suspend Suspend the system
hibernate Hibernate the system
hybrid-sleep Hibernate and suspend the system
bluetoothd
Usage:
bluetoothd [OPTION...]
Help Options:
-h, --help Show help options
Application Options:
-d, --debug=DEBUG Specify debug options to enable
-p, --plugin=NAME,.., Specify plugins to load
-P, --noplugin=NAME,... Specify plugins not to load
-C, --compat Provide deprecated command line interfaces
-E, --experimental Enable experimental interfaces
-n, --nodetach Run with logging in foreground
-v, --version Show version information and exit
hciconfig
hciconfig - HCI device configuration utility
Usage:
hciconfig
hciconfig [-a] hciX [command ...]
Commands:
up Open and initialize HCI device
down Close HCI device
reset Reset HCI device
rstat Reset statistic counters
auth Enable Authentication
noauth Disable Authentication
encrypt Enable Encryption
noencrypt Disable Encryption
piscan Enable Page and Inquiry scan
noscan Disable scan
iscan Enable Inquiry scan
pscan Enable Page scan
ptype [type] Get/Set default packet type
lm [mode] Get/Set default link mode
lp [policy] Get/Set default link policy
name [name] Get/Set local name
class [class] Get/Set class of device
voice [voice] Get/Set voice setting
iac [iac] Get/Set inquiry access code
inqtpl [level] Get/Set inquiry transmit power level
inqmode [mode] Get/Set inquiry mode
inqdata [data] Get/Set inquiry data
inqtype [type] Get/Set inquiry scan type
inqparms [win:int] Get/Set inquiry scan window and interval
pageparms [win:int] Get/Set page scan window and interval
pageto [to] Get/Set page timeout
afhmode [mode] Get/Set AFH mode
sspmode [mode] Get/Set Simple Pairing Mode
aclmtu Set ACL MTU and number of packets
scomtu Set SCO MTU and number of packets
delkey Delete link key from the device
oobdata Get local OOB data
commands Display supported commands
features Display device features
version Display version information
revision Display revision information
block Add a device to the blacklist
unblock Remove a device from the blacklist
lerandaddr Set LE Random Address
leadv [type] Enable LE advertising
0 - Connectable undirected advertising (default)
3 - Non connectable undirected advertising
noleadv Disable LE advertising
lestates Display the supported LE states
hcitool
hcitool - HCI Tool ver 5.23
Usage:
hcitool [options] [command parameters]
Options:
--help Display help
-i dev HCI device
Commands:
dev Display local devices
inq Inquire remote devices
scan Scan for remote devices
name Get name from remote device
info Get information from remote device
spinq Start periodic inquiry
epinq Exit periodic inquiry
cmd Submit arbitrary HCI commands
con Display active connections
cc Create connection to remote device
dc Disconnect from remote device
sr Switch master/slave role
cpt Change connection packet type
rssi Display connection RSSI
lq Display link quality
tpl Display transmit power level
afh Display AFH channel map
lp Set/display link policy settings
lst Set/display link supervision timeout
auth Request authentication
enc Set connection encryption
key Change connection link key
clkoff Read clock offset
clock Read local or remote clock
lescan Start LE scan
lewladd Add device to LE White List
lewlrm Remove device from LE White List
lewlsz Read size of LE White List
lewlclr Clear LE White list
lecc Create a LE Connection
ledc Disconnect a LE Connection
lecup LE Connection Update
For more information on the usage of each command use:
hcitool --help
hciattach
hciattach - HCI UART driver initialization utility
Usage:
hciattach [-n] [-p] [-b] [-r] [-t timeout] [-s initial_speed] [speed] [flow|noflow] [bdaddr]
hciattach -l
bluetoothctl
Available commands:
list List available controllers
show [ctrl] Controller information
select Select default controller
devices List available devices
paired-devices List paired devices
power Set controller power
pairable Set controller pairable mode
discoverable Set controller discoverable mode
agent Enable/disable agent with given capability
default-agent Set agent as the default one
scan Scan for devices
info Device information
pair Pair with device
trust Trust device
untrust Untrust device
block Block device
unblock Unblock device
remove Remove device
connect Connect device
disconnect Disconnect device
version Display version
quit Quit program