在实际的项目开发中,经常需要用到在自己的项目中调用第三方的接口,比如服务商这类的,然后再将传回的数据进行处理。而我现在所实习的公司用的是比较原生的Http请求方式,实现起来比较复杂。后来发现了现在比较常用的是利用HTTPClient库,可以较简单地实现调用第三方接口。接下来介绍怎么利用HTTPClient实现第三方接口的请求调用。
org.apache.httpcomponents
httpclient
4.5.4
com.alibaba
fastjson
1.2.62
注:httpclient库用来进行http通信,而我额外用阿里的fastjson来实现json数据的格式转换,类似此类的库还有Gson。
package com.chen.mykinthtest.restful;
import com.chen.mykinthtest.domain.AppConstant;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
/**
* REST 接口返回数据
*
* @author chen
*/
public class RestResponse extends HashMap {
/**
* 禁止通过构造函数构造对象,只能通过静态方法获取实例。
*
* @see #ok()
* @see #ok(String)
* @see #fail()
* @see #fail(String)
*/
private RestResponse() {
}
/**
* 设置接口返回的文本消息,属性 key: message
*
* @param msg
* @return
*/
public RestResponse msg(String msg) {
this.put(AppConstant.MESSAGE, msg);
return this;
}
/**
* 设置接口返回的数据对象,属性 key: item
*
* @param item
* @return
*/
public RestResponse item(Object item) {
this.put(AppConstant.ITEM, item);
return this;
}
/**
* 设置接口返回的数据对象列表,属性 key: list
*
* @param list
* @return
*/
public RestResponse list(List> list) {
this.put(AppConstant.LIST, list);
return this;
}
/**
* 设置接口返回的数据项,并指定数据项的属性 key
*
* @param key
* @param value
* @return
*/
public RestResponse put(String key, Object value) {
super.put(key, value);
return this;
}
/**
* 接口执行成功的返回数据,其中属性 error = 0
*
* @return
*/
public static RestResponse ok() {
RestResponse result = new RestResponse();
result.put(AppConstant.ERROR, AppConstant.OK);
return result;
}
/**
* 接口执行成功的返回数据,并设置文本消息
*
* @param msg
* @return
*/
public static RestResponse ok(String msg) {
RestResponse result = new RestResponse();
result.put(AppConstant.ERROR, AppConstant.OK).msg(msg);
return result;
}
/**
* 接口执行成功的返回数据,并设置对象数据
*
* @param item
* @return
*/
public static RestResponse ok(Object item) {
RestResponse result = new RestResponse();
result.put(AppConstant.ERROR, AppConstant.OK).item(item);
return result;
}
/**
* 接口执行成功的返回数据,并设置列表对象数据
*
* @param list
* @return
*/
public static RestResponse ok(List> list) {
RestResponse result = new RestResponse();
result.put(AppConstant.ERROR, AppConstant.OK).list(list);
return result;
}
/**
* 接口执行失败的返回数据,其中属性 error = 1
*
* @return
*/
public static RestResponse fail() {
RestResponse result = new RestResponse();
result.put(AppConstant.ERROR, AppConstant.FAIL);
return result;
}
/**
* 接口执行失败的返回数据,并设置文本消息,其中属性 error = 1, message = {msg}
*
* @param msg
* @return
*/
public static RestResponse fail(String msg) {
RestResponse result = new RestResponse();
result.put(AppConstant.ERROR, AppConstant.FAIL).msg(msg);
return result;
}
/**
* 接口执行失败的返回数据,自定义状态码,其中属性 error = {errcode}
*
* @param errcode
* @return
*/
public static RestResponse fail(int errcode) {
RestResponse result = new RestResponse();
result.put(AppConstant.ERROR, errcode);
return result;
}
}
注:可以选择不用,这是我自己的个人习惯。
package com.chen.mykinthtest.domain;
/**
* 对常量进行封装,利于后期代码的维护
*
* @author chen
*/
public class AppConstant {
// 文本消息
public static final String MESSAGE = "message";
// 单个对象
public static final String ITEM = "item";
// 返回的对象列表
public static final String LIST = "list";
// 状态码
public static final String ERROR = "error";
// 代表执行成功
public static int OK = 0;
// 代表执行失败
public static int FAIL = 1;
// 代表服务器运行异常
public static int RunTime = 2;
// 代表空指针异常
public static int NullPointer = 3;
// 类型转换异常
public static int ClassCast = 4;
// IO异常
public static int IO = 5;
// 未知方法异常
public static int NoSuchMethod = 6;
// 数组越界异常
public static int IndexOutOfBounds = 7;
// 400错误
public static int HttpMessageNotReadable=8;
// 400错误
public static int TypeMismatch=9;
// 400错误
public static int MissingServletRequestParameter=10;
// 405错误
public static int HttpRequestMethodNotSupported=11;
// 406错误
public static int HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptable=12;
// 500错误
public static int Run500=13;
// 栈溢出
public static int StackOverflow=14;
// 除数为0异常
public static int Arithmetic=15;
// 其他异常
public static int other=16;
}
package com.chen.mykinthtest.service;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Http通信工具类
*
* @author chen
*/
public class HttpUtil {
/**
* post请求传输map数据
*
* @param url url地址
* @param map map数据
* @return
* @throws ClientProtocolException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String sendPostDataByMap(String url, Map map) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String result = "";
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建post方式请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 装填参数
List nameValuePairs = new ArrayList();
if (map != null) {
for (Map.Entry entry : map.entrySet()) {
nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), String.valueOf(entry.getValue())));
}
}
// 设置参数到请求对象中
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, "utf-8"));
// 设置header信息
// 指定报文头【Content-type】、【User-Agent】
httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpPost.setHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.0; Windows NT; DigExt)");
// 执行请求操作,并拿到结果(同步阻塞)
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取结果实体
// 判断网络连接状态码是否正常(0--200都是正常)
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
// 释放连接
response.close();
return result;
}
/**
* post请求传输json数据
*
* @param url url地址
* @param json json数据
* @return
* @throws ClientProtocolException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String sendPostDataByJson(String url, String json) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String result = "";
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建post方式请求对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 设置参数到请求对象中
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
stringEntity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
// 执行请求操作,并拿到结果(同步阻塞)
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 获取结果实体
// 判断网络连接状态码是否正常(0--200都是正常)
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
// 释放链接
response.close();
return result;
}
/**
* get请求传输数据
*
* @param url
* @return
* @throws ClientProtocolException
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String sendGetData(String url) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
String result = "";
// 创建httpclient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建get方式请求对象
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.addHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
// 通过请求对象获取响应对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
// 获取结果实体
// 判断网络连接状态码是否正常(0--200都是正常)
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");
}
// 释放链接
response.close();
return result;
}
}
package com.chen.mykinthtest.util;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Json数据转换工具类
*
* @author chen
*/
public class JsonUtil {
/**
* 将Json字符串转成Map
*
* @param jsonString
* @return map
*/
public static Map parseJsonToMap(String jsonString) {
Map map = JSON.parseObject(jsonString, Map.class);
System.err.println("Json转Map:");
for (Object obj : map.keySet()) {
System.err.print(obj + "-" + map.get(obj));
}
System.err.println();
return map;
}
/**
* 将Map转换成Json
*
* @param map
* @return
*/
public static String parseMapToJson(Map map) {
String json = JSON.toJSONString(map);
System.err.println("Map转Json:");
System.err.println(json);
return json;
}
}
注:我将第三方接口也写到了同一个类中(因为懒),但实现效果是一样的。
package com.chen.mykinthtest.controller;
import com.chen.mykinthtest.restful.RestResponse;
import com.chen.mykinthtest.service.HttpUtil;
import com.chen.mykinthtest.util.JsonUtil;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* Http通信控制器
*
* @author chen
*/
@RestController
public class HttpController {
private String server_path = "http://localhost:8080";
/**
* 模拟第三方接口,Post的方式接收普通参数
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("helloMap")
public RestResponse helloMap(int id) {
if (id == 1) {
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("id", 1);
map.put("name", "cws");
map.put("sex", "M");
return RestResponse.ok().msg("处理成功").item(map);
} else {
return RestResponse.fail().msg("处理失败");
}
}
/**
* 模拟第三方接口,Post的方式接收Json数据
*
* @param jsonMap
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("helloJson")
public RestResponse helloJson(@RequestBody Map jsonMap) {
int id = (int) jsonMap.get("id");
if (id == 2) {
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("id", 2);
map.put("name", "lhs");
map.put("sex", "F");
return RestResponse.ok().msg("处理成功").item(map);
} else {
return RestResponse.fail().msg("处理失败");
}
}
/**
* 模拟第三方接口,Get的方式
*
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("helloGet")
public RestResponse helloGet() {
return RestResponse.ok().msg("处理成功");
}
/**
* 以map的形式发送请求数据
*
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
@RequestMapping("testSendPostDataByMap")
public String testSendPostDataByMap() throws IOException {
String api_path_map = "/helloMap";
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("id", 1);
String body = HttpUtil.sendPostDataByMap(server_path + api_path_map, map);
System.err.println("发送Map数据的响应结果:" + body);
Map bodyMap = JsonUtil.parseJsonToMap(body);
System.err.println("获得返回的状态码:error-----" + bodyMap.get("error"));
Map itemMap = (Map) bodyMap.get("item");
for (Map.Entry entry : itemMap.entrySet()) {
System.err.println(entry.getKey() + "----" + entry.getValue());
}
return body;
}
/**
* 以Json的形式发送请求数据
*
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
@RequestMapping("testSendPostDataByJson")
public String testSendPostDataByJson() throws IOException {
String api_path_json = "/helloJson";
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("id", 2);
String json = JsonUtil.parseMapToJson(map);
String body = HttpUtil.sendPostDataByJson(server_path + api_path_json, json);
System.err.println("发送Json数据的响应结果:" + body);
Map bodyMap = JsonUtil.parseJsonToMap(body);
System.err.println("获得返回的状态码:error-----" + bodyMap.get("error"));
Map itemMap = (Map) bodyMap.get("item");
for (Map.Entry entry : itemMap.entrySet()) {
System.err.println(entry.getKey() + "----" + entry.getValue());
}
return body;
}
/**
* get方式发送请求,至于请求参数可以自己手动加到访问地址后面
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
@RequestMapping("testSendGetData")
public String testSendGetData() throws IOException {
String api_path_get = "/helloGet";
String body = HttpUtil.sendGetData(server_path + api_path_get);
return body;
}
}
用map数据发送请求:
以json数据发送请求:
用get发送请求: