linux安装apache httpd
本以为linux下安装apache是件很简单的过程。三命令就可以搞定，jxvf解压，make 编译，make install 安装就OK了。没想到这个过程还颇费周折。可能和环境有关吧。先说一下我的环境。
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linux : cenos5.5 （验证4.8也会碰到以下问题）
apache: httpd-2.4.1.tar.bz2
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[root@localhost apache]# tar jxvf httpd-2.4.1.tar.bz2 //解压apache的压缩包
[root@localhost apache]# cd httpd-2.4.1 //定位到httpd-2.4.1 文件夹下
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.1]# ls //查看显示httpd-2.4.1 文件夹下内容
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.1]#./configure --help | more //查看安装apache配置参数
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.1]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so // 配置apache路径 ,后面跟 --enable-so 参数表示让apache核心装载DSO
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.1]# make //编译apache
出错了！提示：
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation
在apache官网上可以下载到 apr-1.4.6.tar.gz
解决apr not found问题>>>>
APR和APR-UTIL的下载地址：http://apr.apache.org/download.cgi
[root@localhost apache]# tar -zxf apr-1.4.6.tar.gz
[root@localhost apache]# cd apr-1.4.6
[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr
[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# make
[root@localhost apr-1.4.6]# make install
安装完成后，再来编译apache
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.1]# make
又出错了！提示：
configure: error: APR-util not found. Please read the documentation
好吧！还是上面的apache官网地址再下载 apr-util-1.4.1.tar.gz
解决APR-util not found问题>>>>
[root@localhost apache]# tar -zxf apr-util-1.4.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost apache]# cd apr-util-1.4.1
[root@localhost apr-util-1.4.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@localhost apr-util-1.4.1]# make
[root@localhost apr-util-1.4.1]# make install
再来编译apache ，再次出错！提示：
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/ ， 我X !linux 安装软件之间关联性有时能让人崩溃。
../configure仍提示APR-util not found，增加--with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util后出现>>>>>
[root@localhost apache]# ./configure –help | grep pcre
--with-pcre=PATH Use external PCRE library
下载地址：http://ftp.exim.llorien.org/pcre/
下载pcre-8.30.zip ，列表文件较多，一般浏览器会有搜索功能，你可ctrl+f 搜索定位后下载。
[root@localhost apache]#unzip -o pcre-8.30.zip
[root@localhost apache]#cd pcre-8.30
[root@localhost pcre-8.30]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
[root@localhost pcre-8.30]#make
[root@localhost pcre-8.30]#make install
编译Apache
[root@yahoo httpd-2.3.12-beta]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre
注意，这里后面跟的参数，一定要与前面安装apr 和apr-util的路径一致。
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.1]# make
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.1]# make install
这次编译安装应该不会再报任何错误了。哈哈！！
启动apache
[root@localhost bin]# pwd
/usr/local/apache/bin
[root@localhost bin]# apachectl stop 停止
[root@localhost bin]# apachectl start 启动
查看80端口是否被占用
[root@localhost conf]#netstat -an | grep :80
查看apache 启动服务是否启动
[root@localhost bin]# ps -aux | grep httpd
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.7/FAQ
root 2866 0.0 1.2 25164 9556 ? Ss 22:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
apache 2867 0.0 0.7 25300 5556 ? S 22:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
apache 2868 0.0 0.6 25300 5444 ? S 22:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
apache 2869 0.0 0.6 25300 5444 ? S 22:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
apache 2870 0.0 0.7 25300 5556 ? S 22:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
apache 2871 0.0 0.6 25164 4796 ? S 22:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
apache 2872 0.0 0.6 25164 4796 ? S 22:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
apache 2873 0.0 0.6 25164 4796 ? S 22:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
apache 2874 0.0 0.6 25164 4796 ? S 22:45 0:00 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start
root 3141 0.0 0.0 4244 676 pts/1 R+ 22:48 0:00 grep httpd
下面访问一下apache默认页是否能打开。http://ip:80/index.html
又提示了错误：
难道是端口被占用了？修改apache的配置文件
/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf 配置文件
[root@localhost conf] vi httpd.conf
找到下面一行：
Listen 80 把80改成其它端口，如8080 、8800 只要没被占用就行。
找到下面一行：
ServerName www.example.com:80 改成本机ip加端口号，如：192.168.0.105:80
端口改来改去，一直都报那个错误。由于之前没有在linux下安装apache的经验，与是想找一下apache默认运行的哪个页面。于是，找到了，..../apache/htdocs/index.html 文件（受tomcat的误导）！其实不然，真正运行的是 /var/www/html 目录下的文件
You don't have permission to access /index.html on this server
真正的错误在这句提示上。因为我方位的文件权限不足够。那给文件加个权限吧！
在/var/www/html 创建个文件index.html
[root@localhost html]# chmod 766 index.html
Ok!再来方位apache ，页面正常打开了！过程很纠结，结局很美好！
-----------小结--------------
需要安装的文件：
apr-1.4.6
apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
pcre-8.30.zip
/usr/local/apache apache的安装目录
/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf 配置文件
/usr/local/apache/bin/ apachectl stop/start 停止/启动程序
/var/www/html/ 在这个文件夹下创建可以访问的页面
Apache安装问题锦集
问题1：缺少包gcc-c++导致安装包apr-util不通过
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# unzip pcre-8.33.zip
[root@getlnx05 kerry]# cd pcre-8.33
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util -with-apr=/usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
一般出现这个错误是因为没有安装包gcc-c++,可以通过如下命令检查，
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc-c++
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Available Packages
gcc-c++.x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 rhel-debuginfo
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# yum list gcc
Loaded plugins: product-id, security, subscription-manager
Updating Red Hat repositories.
Installed Packages
gcc.x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 installed
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# rpm -q gcc
gcc-4.1.2-51.el5
[root@getlnx05 pcre-8.33]# rpm -q gcc-c++
问题2：checking for APR-util... configure: error: the --with-apr-util parameter is incorrect
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... configure: error: the --with-apr-util parameter is incorrect. It must specify an install prefix, a build directory, or an apu-config file.
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#
一般是由于APR-util没有安装成功，可以通过验证该目录是否为空来判断，因为你有时候执行了make，忘了执行make isntall命令有可能导致这个错误。
[root@getlnx05 apr]# cd /usr/local/apr-util
[root@getlnx05 apr-util]# ls
问题3：没有指定PCRE参数
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... yes
setting CC to "gcc"
setting CPP to "gcc -E"
setting CFLAGS to " -g -O2 -pthread"
setting CPPFLAGS to " -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE"
setting LDFLAGS to " "
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime Utility library...
configure:
checking for APR-util... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C99... -std=gnu99
checking for pcre-config... false
configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from http://pcre.org/
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#
问题4：安装前忘了先安装APR相关包
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/appache/
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]#
问题5：启动服务时报错
[root@getlnx05 httpd-2.4.6]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using getlnx05.gfg1.esquel.com. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
这个时候需要编辑httpd.conf配置文件，添加SeraverName的具体IP地址。如下所示
[root@getlnx05 conf]# cd /usr/local/apache/conf/
[root@getlnx05 conf]# ls
extra httpd.conf magic mime.types original
[root@getlnx05 conf]# vi httpd.conf
ServerAdmin [email protected]
#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80
ServerName 192.168.9.122:80
#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
#
#
"httpd.conf" 502L, 18179C written
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
httpd not running, trying to start
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start
httpd (pid 7797) already running
如果从其它电脑连接访问Apache时，输入url地址：http://192.168.9.122页面没有显示正常，而上面配置也OK，那么你必须关闭防火墙，有时候甚至需要重启电脑才能OK,重启Apache服务都无效。
[root@getlnx05 conf]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@getlnx05 conf]# chkconfig iptables off
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
[root@getlnx05 conf]# /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart
[root@getlnx05 conf]#