mysql（16）

外键示例

搞个例子，简单演示一下使用，做dage和xiaodi两个表，大哥表是主键，小弟表是外键：

CREATE TABLE `dage` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `name` varchar(32) default '',
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1；

CREATE TABLE `xiaodi` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
  `dage_id` int(11) default NULL,
  `name` varchar(32) default '',
  PRIMARY KEY  (`id`),
  KEY `dage_id` (`dage_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `xiaodi_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`dage_id`) REFERENCES `dage` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1；

插入个大哥：

mysql> insert into dage(name) values('铜锣湾');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from dage;
+----+--------+
| id | name   |
+----+--------+
|  1 | 铜锣湾 |
+----+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

插入个小弟：

mysql> insert into xiaodi(dage_id,name) values(1,'铜锣湾_小弟A');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select * from xiaodi;
+----+---------+--------------+
| id | dage_id | name         |
+----+---------+--------------+
|  1 |       1 | 铜锣湾_小弟A |
+----+---------+--------------+

把大哥删除：

mysql> delete from dage where id=1;
ERROR 1451 (23000): Cannot delete or update a parent row: a foreign key constraint fails (`bstar/xiaodi`, CONSTRAINT `xiaodi_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`dage_id`) REFERENCES `dage` (`id`))

提示：不行呀，有约束的，大哥下面还有小弟，可不能扔下我们不管呀！

插入一个新的小弟：

mysql> insert into xiaodi(dage_id,name) values(2,'旺角_小弟A');              
ERROR 1452 (23000): Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`bstar/xiaodi`, CONSTRAINT `xiaodi_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`dage_id`) REFERENCES `dage` (`id`))

提示：小子，想造反呀！你还没大哥呢！

把外键约束增加事件触发限制：

 mysql> show create table xiaodi;
 
   CONSTRAINT `xiaodi_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`dage_id`) REFERENCES `dage` (`id`)
 
 mysql> alter table xiaodi drop foreign key xiaodi_ibfk_1; 
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
 Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 
 mysql> alter table xiaodi add foreign key(dage_id) references dage(id) on delete cascade on update cascade;
 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
 Records: 1  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

再次试着把大哥删了：

mysql> delete from dage where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from dage;
Empty set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select * from xiaodi;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

得，这回对应的小弟也没了，没办法，谁让你跟我on delete cascade了呢！