oracle10g升级11g官档文献（以单机数据库10.2.0.5升级到11.2.0.4为例）
11.2.0.4 PATCH SET中的readme.html概述：
1 Patch Set Overview
概述
2 Critical Patch Updates and Patch Set Updates
psu/cpu概述
3 System Requirements
升级或安装操作系统检查
4 Accessing the Latest Version of this Document
5 Software Availability
下载patch set相关信息
6 Database Documentation
The latest documentation for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) is available on the Oracle Technology Network website at http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage
7 Installation and Upgrade--安装和升级
Review Oracle Database Readme and your platform-specific Oracle Database Release Notes before installing Oracle software. For new installations, refer to the appropriate installation guide for the product you are installing.
See "How to Upgrade to Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2" in Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for details about performing Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management upgrades. See Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for complete information about planning and executing Oracle Database upgrades.
Oracle installation guides and release notes for each platform, the readme, and the upgrade guide are available at http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/portal.portal_db?selected=11&frame=
oracle GI upgrade和oracle database upgrade 升级参考网址 http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/portal.portal_db?selected=11&frame=
8 Known Issues
To review known issues for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), see document 1562139.1
9 List of Bugs Fixed
To check the list of bugs fixed for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), see document 1562142.1
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官档：
Installing and Upgrading： http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e23633/toc.htm
How to Upgrade to Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2： http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e41961/procstop.htm#CWLIN417
How to Download and Run Oracle's Database Pre-Upgrade Utility (文档 ID 884522.1)
Oracle 11gR2 Upgrade Companion (文档 ID 785351.1)
==================官档具体如如下====================================
一、 Introduction to the Upgrade Process for Oracle Database 介绍数据库升级过程
Oracle provides upgrade options that are tailored to your database environment and tools that automate the process for upgrading Oracle Database.
Oracle提供针对您的数据库环境定制的升级选项以及自动升级Oracle数据库的过程的工具
This chapter contains the following topics:本章包含以下主题
Where to Find the Latest Information About Upgrading Oracle Database
Overview of Oracle Database Upgrade Tools and Processes
About Oracle Database Release Numbers
Compatibility and Interoperability Between Oracle Database Releases
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) in Oracle Database
Converting Databases to 64-bit Oracle Database Software
About Rolling Upgrades for Oracle Database
Moving From Standard Edition to Enterprise Edition of Oracle Database
About Moving From Enterprise Edition to Standard Edition of Oracle Database
About Upgrading from Oracle Database Express Edition to Oracle Database
Overview of Oracle Database Upgrade Tools and Processes
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) supports the following tools and methods for upgrading a database to the new release:
升级方法有如下四种：
1.Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA)
2.Manual upgrade using SQL scripts and utilities
3.Export and Import utilities
4.CREATE TABLE AS SQL statement
Major Steps in the Upgrade Process for Oracle Database：升级主要步骤
Step 1: Prepare to Upgrade 准备升级
Step 2: Test the Upgrade Process 测试升级过程
Step 3: Test the Upgraded Test Database 测试已经升级的测试数据库
Step 4: Prepare and Preserve the Production Database 准备和保存生产数据库
Step 5: Upgrade the Production Database 升级生产数据库
Step 6: Tune and Adjust the New Production Database 调优并调整新的生产数据库
Step 1: Prepare to Upgrade
Become familiar with the features of the new Oracle Database 11g release.熟悉新的Oracle Database 11g版本的功能。
Determine the upgrade path to the new release. 确定新版本的升级路径。
Choose an upgrade method. 选择升级方法。
Choose an Oracle home directory for the new release. 为新版本选择Oracle主目录。
Develop a testing plan. 制定测试计划。
Prepare a backup strategy. 准备备份策略。
Step 2: Test the Upgrade Process
Perform a test upgrade using a test database. The test upgrade should be conducted in an environment created for testing and should not interfere with the actual production database.
使用测试数据库进行测试升级。 测试升级应在为测试创建的环境中进行，不应干扰实际的生产数据库。
Step 3: Test the Upgraded Test Database测试库测试升级
Perform the tests you planned in Step 1 on the test database and on the test database that was upgraded to the new Oracle Database 11g release.
Compare results, noting anomalies between test results on the test database and on the upgraded database.
Investigate ways to correct any anomalies you find and then implement the corrections.
Repeat Step 1, Step 2, and the first parts of Step 3, as necessary, until the test upgrade is completely successful and works with any required applications.
Chapter 2, "Preparing to Upgrade Oracle Database" provides detailed information about Steps 1 through 3.
Step 4: Prepare and Preserve the Production Database准备生产库(升级前全备或增量备份等)供升级
Prepare the current production database as appropriate to ensure the upgrade to the new Oracle Database 11g release is successful.
Schedule the downtime required for backing up and upgrading the production database.
Back up the current production database. Perform a full or an incremental backup, as necessary, to ensure your database is protected against data loss.
Step 5: Upgrade the Production Database升级生产库(升级后全备和执行其他升级后任务)
Upgrade the production database to the new Oracle Database 11g release.
After the upgrade, perform a full backup of the production database and perform other post-upgrade tasks.
Chapter 3, "Upgrading to the New Release of Oracle Database" describes Steps 4 and 5 when using DBUA or when performing a manual upgrade.
Chapter 4, "Post-Upgrade Tasks for Oracle Database" describes the backup procedure for Step 5 after the upgrade, and other post-upgrade tasks for Step 6.
Step 6: Tune and Adjust the New Production Database调整新的生产数据库
Tune the new Oracle Database 11g production database. The new production database should perform to the same standards, or better than, the database before the upgrade.
Chapter 4, "Post-Upgrade Tasks for Oracle Database" describes these adjustments.
Determine which features of the new Oracle Database 11g release you want to use, and update your applications accordingly.
Develop new database administration procedures as needed.
Do not upgrade production users to the new release until all applications have been tested and operate properly.
Chapter 5, "Upgrading Applications After Upgrading Oracle Database" describes considerations for updating applications.
二、Preparing to Upgrade Oracle Database准备数据库升级
The process of upgrading Oracle Database includes understanding system considerations and requirements and troubleshooting various issues before actually performing the upgrade steps. Before you upgrade Oracle Database, you must become familiar with the new features and behavior changes. In preparation for upgrading you install the new Oracle software. The new Oracle software for this release provides the latest Pre-Upgrade Information Tool to help you understand requirements and complete pre-upgrade tasks.
升级Oracle数据库的过程包括了解系统注意事项和要求，并在实际执行升级步骤之前排除各种问题。 升级Oracle数据库之前，您必须熟悉新功能和行为更改。 在准备升级时，安装新的Oracle软件。 此版本的新Oracle软件提供了最新的预升级信息工具，可帮助您了解需求并完成升级前的任务
This chapter contains the following topics:本章包含以下主题
The Main Steps for Preparing to Upgrade Oracle Database 准备升级Oracle数据库的主要步骤
Testing the Upgrade Process for Oracle Database 测试Oracle数据库的升级过程
Testing the Upgraded Test Oracle Database测试升级后的测试库
2.1 The Main Steps for Preparing to Upgrade Oracle Database：准备升级Oracle数据库的主要步骤：
In preparation for upgrading Oracle Database, you review the new features, determine the best upgrade path and method. Oracle recommends that you test the upgrade process and prepare a backup strategy.
Complete the following tasks to prepare to upgrade:
Become Familiar with New Oracle Database Features for Upgrading
Determine the Upgrade Path for Upgrading Oracle Database
Choose an Upgrade Method for Upgrading Oracle Database
Choose a Location for the New Oracle Home for Upgrading Oracle Database
Develop a Testing Plan to Upgrade Oracle Database
Prepare a Backup Strategy for Upgrading Oracle Database
Become Familiar with New Oracle Database Features for Upgrading：
Before you plan the upgrade process, become familiar with the features of the new Oracle Database 11g release. Oracle Database New Features Guide is a good starting point for learning the differences between Oracle Database releases. Also, check specific guides in the Oracle Database 11g documentation library to find information about new features for a certain component. For example, see Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for changes in Oracle Real Application Clusters.
Determine the Upgrade Path for Upgrading Oracle Database：指升级数据库到指定版本取决于当前版本
The path that you must take to upgrade to the new Oracle Database 11g release depends on the release number of your current database. It might not be possible to directly upgrade from your current release of Oracle Database to the latest release. Depending on your current release, you might be required to upgrade through one or more intermediate releases to upgrade to the new Oracle Database 11g release.
升级到新的Oracle Database 11g版本时必须遵循的路径取决于当前数据库的发行版本号。 可能无法从当前版本的Oracle数据库直接升级到最新版本。 根据您当前的版本，可能需要通过一个或多个中间版本进行升级才能升级到新的Oracle Database 11g版本。
Table 2-1 Supported Upgrade Paths for Upgrading Oracle Database此表说明了升级路径
Choose an Upgrade Method for Upgrading Oracle Database：选择升级方法
The upgrade methods you can use to upgrade your database to the new Oracle Database 11g release are:
1.Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) dbua图形交互方式（支持rac)
2.Manual Upgrade手动升级：
Before the Upgrade
The following list provides a high-level summary of the manual upgrade steps:
Analyze the database using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool. The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool is a SQL script that is supplied with the new Oracle Database 11g release, and DBUA uses this script as part of its upgrade process. Run the script on the database you are upgrading.
The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool displays warnings about possible upgrade issues with the database. It also displays information about required initialization parameters for the new Oracle Database 11g release.
Prepare the new Oracle home.See Also:"Choose a Location for the New Oracle Home for Upgrading Oracle Database" for more information
Perform a backup of the database.
Depending on the release of the database being upgraded, you might be required to perform additional pre-upgrade steps:
Adjust the parameter file for the upgrade.
Remove obsolete initialization parameters.
Adjust initialization parameters that might cause upgrade problems.
See Also:
Oracle Database Administrator's Guide and Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide
Set the COMPATIBLE parameter if not already explicitly set.
See Also:
"Setting the COMPATIBLE Initialization Parameter" for information about setting the COMPATIBLE initialization parameter
After the Upgrade
Review the upgrade spool log file and use the Post-Upgrade Status Tool. The Post-Upgrade Status Tool is a SQL script that ships with the new Oracle Database 11g release. You run the Post-Upgrade Status Tool in the environment of the new release. The Post-Upgrade Status Tool can be run any time after upgrading the database.
See Also:"Upgrading Oracle Database Manually"见手动升级指南
3.Oracle Data Pump Export and Import and Oracle Database Upgrade数据泵导入导出升级
Choose a Location for the New Oracle Home for Upgrading Oracle Database：
选择新库的家目录位置
您必须在新的Oracle数据库11g版本上为Oracle home选择一个与当前版本的Oracle主机不同的位置。 除非您正在安装Oracle数据库11g补丁程序版本，否则无法将新软件安装到与当前版本相同的Oracle主目录中。 对于补丁程序版本，您可以使用相同的Oracle Database 11g Oracle主站。
使用单独的安装目录可以使您的现有软件与新软件一起安装。 此方法使您能够在完全替换生产环境之前测试测试数据库上的升级过程。
Develop a Testing Plan to Upgrade Oracle Database：制定升级数据集的测试计划
您需要一系列精心设计的测试来验证升级过程的所有阶段。 这些测试严格执行并成功完成，确保生产数据库的升级过程得到了很好的理解，可预测和成功。 在升级生产数据库之前尽可能多地进行测试。 不要低估完整和可重复的测试过程的重要性。
无论您使用"数据库重放"还是"SQL性能分析器"等实时应用程序测试功能，或者手动执行测试，执行的测试类型都是相同的。
Your test plan must include these types of tests:
Oracle Database Upgrade Testing
Minimal Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Functional Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
High Availability Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Integration Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Performance Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Volume and Load Stress Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Prepare a Backup Strategy for Upgrading Oracle Database：准备升级Oracle数据库的备份策略
设计备份策略要考虑业务最大能忍受的停机时间，及测试备份恢复时间
To develop a backup strategy, consider the following questions:
How long can the production database remain inoperable before business consequences become intolerable？
What backup strategy is necessary to meet your availability requirements？
Are backups archived in a safe, offsite location？
How quickly can backups be restored (including backups in offsite storage)？
Have recovery procedures been tested successfully？
Your backup strategy should answer all of these questions and include procedures for successfully backing up and recovering your database.
您的备份策略应回答所有这些问题，并包括成功备份和恢复数据库的过程。
2.2 Testing the Upgrade Process for Oracle Database测试Oracle数据库的升级过程
创建不干扰当前生产数据库的测试环境。
练习使用测试环境升级数据库。 如果可能的话，最好的升级测试是在要升级的数据库的完整副本上执行的，而不是缩小的副本或测试数据。 如果由于某种原因，确切的副本不切实际，那么请仔细选择一个有代表性的数据子集，以转移到您的测试环境并测试该数据的升级。
2.3 Testing the Upgraded Test Oracle Database测试已经升级好的Oracle新版本数据库
Perform the planned tests on the current database and on the test database that you upgraded to the new Oracle Database 11g release. Compare the results, noting anomalies. Repeat the test upgrade as many times as necessary.
对当前数据库和升级到新的Oracle Database 11g版本的测试数据库执行计划的测试。 比较结果，注意异常。 根据需要重复测试升级多次。
Test the newly upgraded test database with existing applications to verify that they operate properly with a new Oracle database. You also might test enhanced functions by adding available Oracle Database features. However, first ensure that the applications operate in the same manner as they did in the current database.
使用现有应用程序测试新升级的测试数据库，以验证它们是否可以在新的Oracle数据库中正常运行。 您还可以通过添加可用的Oracle数据库功能来测试增强功能。 但是，首先确保应用程序的运行方式与当前数据库中的相同。
See Also:
Chapter 5, "Upgrading Applications After Upgrading Oracle Database" for more information on using applications with Oracle Database
三、Upgrading to the New Release of Oracle Database升级数据库
升级到新版本的Oracle数据库是数据库维护和管理的基本部分。Oracle提供数据库升级助手和专门的脚本和工具，以帮助升级过程并自动执行许多步骤。 本章讨论重要信息和要求，并指导您完成将数据库升级到oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）的过程。
This chapter contains the following topics:本章包含以下主题
System Considerations and Requirements for Upgrading Oracle Database 升级Oracle数据库的系统注意事项和要求
Installing the New Oracle Database Software for the Upgrade 安装用于升级的新Oracle数据库软件
About the Latest Patch Set Updates and Any Required Patches 关于最新的修补程序集更新和任何所需的修补程序
Using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool 使用升级前信息工具
Configuring the Listener When Upgrading from Oracle9i
Upgrading with Database Upgrade Assistant on Linux, UNIX, and Windows 在Linux，UNIX和Windows上使用数据库升级助手DBUA进行升级
Optionally Performing an In-Place Upgrade (Into the Same Oracle Home) （可选）执行就地升级（进入同一个Oracle Home）
Upgrading Oracle Database Manually 手动升级Oracle数据库
Troubleshooting the Upgrade of Oracle Database 升级故障排查
Rerunning the Upgrade for Oracle Database 重新运行Oracle数据库升级
Cancelling the Upgrade for Oracle Database 取消Oracle数据库的升级
About Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance 关于升级Oracle ASM实例
3.1 System Considerations and Requirements for Upgrading Oracle Database:操作系统检查
When you upgrade to a new release of Oracle Database, typically there are new or changed system requirements. The following topics describe the various checks and considerations to perform before starting an upgrade of Oracle Database:在升级前进行如下各种检查和考虑
Relocating Existing Data Files to the New Oracle Database Environment：将现有数据文件重新定位到新的Oracle数据库环境
About Upgrading PL/SQL Packages That Are Not Installed by Default：关于升级默认情况下未安装的PL / SQL软件包
About Upgrading Oracle ASM Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure：关于升级随Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装的Oracle ASM
Considerations for Upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM Instances：升级Oracle集群件和Oracle ASM实例的注意事项
About Upgrading with Read-Only and Offline Tablespaces：关于使用只读和脱机表空间进行升级
About Upgrading Using Standby Databases：关于使用备用数据库进行升级
About Upgrading Your Operating System：关于升级您的操作系统
Migrating Data to a Different Operating System：将数据迁移到不同的操作系统
About Upgrading Databases That Use Oracle Streams Downstream Capture：关于升级使用Oracle Streams Downstream Capture的数据库
About Upgrading Databases That Use Oracle Database Vault：关于升级使用Oracle Database Vault的数据库
To relocate data files to the new Oracle Database environment ：
在删除旧的Oracle环境之前，您必须将该环境中的所有数据文件重新定位到新的Oracle数据库环境。
Use Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) and select the Move Database Files option during the upgrade.
About Upgrading PL/SQL Packages That Are Not Installed by Default
之前安装在您准备升级到当前版本的数据库上的软件包可能不会自动升级。 您可能需要在当前版本中单独检查软件包是否可用，并重新安装该软件包以确保您具有最新版本。
About Upgrading Oracle ASM Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure Oracle ASM is upgraded as part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. You cannot upgrade Oracle ASM before you upgrade Oracle Grid Infrastucture.
Oracle ASM作为Oracle Grid Infrastructure升级的一部分进行了升级。 在升级Oracle Grid Infraststructure之前，无法升级Oracle ASM。
See Also:
"About Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance"
Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide
Considerations for Upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM Instances：升级Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM实例的注意事项
从Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2.0.1）开始，Oracle Clusterware和Oracle Real Application Clusters（Oracle RAC）必须安装在现有安装的单独的新目录中。 这减少了升级集群中节点所需的停机时间，并有助于企业内集群的供应。 集群升级所需的计划停机时间的减少有助于满足可用性服务水平，并且还可以更轻松地在整个企业中提供标准安装。
The following considerations pertain to upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM instances:
For releases earlier than Oracle Database 11g, either all Oracle software installations were owned by the Oracle user, typically oracle, or Oracle Database software was owned by the user oracle, and Oracle Clusterware software was owned by a separate user, typically crsuser.
对于早于Oracle数据库11g的版本，所有Oracle软件安装均由Oracle用户（通常为oracle）拥有，或者Oracle数据库软件由用户oracle拥有，Oracle Clusterware软件由独立用户（通常为crsuser）拥有。
Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the user account that is designated as owner of the release 10g Cluster Ready Services (CRS) software must perform the Oracle Clusterware 11g upgrade. The user account that is performing this upgrade must also be the user that owns the ASM home of the earlier release (that is, previous to release 11.2). If the pre-11.2 ASM home has a different owner, then the owner account must be changed before performing the upgrade.
从Oracle数据库11g开始，指定为版本10g群集就绪服务（CRS）软件所有者的用户帐户必须执行Oracle Clusterware 11g升级。 执行此升级的用户帐户还必须是拥有早期版本的ASM主目录的用户（即，在11.2版之前）。 如果11.2之前的ASM HOME有不同的所有者，则在执行升级之前必须更改所有者帐户。
As of Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2), the Oracle Clusterware software must be upgraded to a new home location in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. Additionally, Oracle ASM and Oracle Clusterware (and Oracle Restart for single-instance databases) must run in the same Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. When upgrading Oracle Clusterware to release 11.2, OUI automatically calls Oracle ASM Cluster Assistant (ASMCA) to perform the upgrade into the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.
从Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）开始，必须将Oracle Clusterware软件升级到Oracle Grid Infrastructure新主目录位置。 此外，Oracle ASM和Oracle Clusterware（以及针对单实例数据库的Oracle Restart）必须在同一个Oracle Grid Infrastructure home中运行。 将Oracle Clusterware升级到11.2版时，OUI会自动调用Oracle ASM Cluster Assistant（ASMCA）执行升级到Oracle Grid Infrastructure home。
To upgrade to Oracle Database release 11.2.0.3, you must install the Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database software into a new Oracle home instead of into the existing Oracle home.
要升级到Oracle数据库11.2.0.3版，您必须将Oracle Grid Infrastructure和Oracle Database软件安装到新的Oracle主目录中，而不是安装到现有的Oracle主目录中
For a single-instance configuration, Oracle ASM and Oracle Restart run from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home, and the cluster synchronization services daemon (CSS) runs from this same home. Thus, Oracle ASM and CSS are upgraded to Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) at the same time.
对于单实例配置，Oracle ASM和Oracle Restart从Oracle Grid Infrastructure主目录运行，并且集群同步服务守护进程（CSS）从同一个主目录运行。 因此，Oracle ASM和CSS同时升级到Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）
For Oracle Database release 11.1 and earlier releases, if your configuration does not include Oracle ASM, then you must shut down the CSS daemon and delete the CSS service from the system by running the localconfig command with the delete option. For example:
对于Oracle数据库版本11.1和更早版本，如果您的配置不包括Oracle ASM，则必须通过运行带有delete选项的localconfig命令来关闭CSS守护进程并从系统中删除CSS服务。 例如
ORACLE_HOME/bin/localconfig delete
You must ensure that the database compatibility attribute for Oracle ASM disk groups matches the compatibility parameter that is set in init.ora.
您必须确保Oracle ASM磁盘组的数据库兼容性属性与init.ora中设置的兼容性参数相匹配。
Determining If Oracle ASM is Included in the Current Database Configuration：确定当前数据库配置中是否包含Oracle ASM
If you do not know whether or not your configuration includes Oracle ASM, then issue the following SQL statement on the database instance:如果您不知道您的配置是否包含Oracle ASM，请在数据库实例上发出以下SQL语句
select count(*) from v$asm_client where status = 'CONNECTED';
If this statement returns one or more rows, then the database is actively using an Oracle ASM disk group.
如果此语句返回一个或多个行，则数据库正在主动使用Oracle ASM磁盘组。
About Upgrading an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) Database：关于升级Oracle Real Application Clusters（Oracle RAC）数据库
You can use Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) to upgrade an existing Oracle RAC database to the current release of Oracle Database. DBUA guides you through the upgrade process and configures your database for the new release. DBUA automates the upgrade process and makes appropriate recommendations for configuration options such as tablespaces and online redo log files.
您可以使用数据库升级助手（DBUA）将现有Oracle RAC数据库升级到当前版本的Oracle数据库。 DBUA引导您完成升级过程，并为新版本配置数据库。 DBUA自动执行升级过程，并为配置选项（如表空间和联机重做日志文件）提供适当的建议。
If you are manually upgrading an Oracle RAC database, then most of the actions are to be performed on only one node of the system. Actions that must be performed on more than one node are indicated in the relevant steps.
如果您手动升级Oracle RAC数据库，则大多数操作将仅在系统的一个节点上执行。 必须在多个节点上执行的操作在相关步骤中指出
About Requirements for Time Synchronization on Oracle RAC：
Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11.2) requires time synchronization across all nodes within a cluster when Oracle RAC is deployed.
You can use one of the following options for time synchronizaion:
Your operating system-configured network time protocol (NTP)
Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service
See Also:
Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your operating system for information on configuring NTP and Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service
Considerations for Upgrading Oracle RAC and Databases That Use Oracle ASM：升级使用Oracle ASM的Oracle RAC和数据库的注意事项
About Upgrading System Authentication(认证） for Oracle ASM Instances
Starting with Oracle Database 11 g Release 1 (11.1), you should use the SYSASM privilege to separate database management and storage management responsibilities. Also, you have the option to create separate operating system credentials for Oracle ASM and each database. This separation allows for an even greater division of database management and storage management responsibilities. For instance, if there are n databases using Oracle ASM on a given node, then you can configure n + 1 sets of operating system credentials groups whose members have SYS privileges: one OSDBA group for each database with SYSDBA privileges, and one OSASM group for the Oracle ASM instance with SYSASM privileges.
从Oracle数据库11g第1版（11.1）开始，您应该使用SYSASM特权来分离数据库管理和存储管理责任。 另外，您可以选择为Oracle ASM和每个数据库创建单独的操作系统凭据。 这种分离可以实现数据库管理和存储管理责任的更大分工
Considerations for Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance
About Upgrading with Read-Only and Offline Tablespaces：关于只读和脱机表空间的升级
Oracle Database 11g第1版（11.1）及更高版本可以读取以前版本中创建的文件头，因此您不需要在升级过程中对其进行任何操作。 唯一的例外是如果要将先前创建的表空间（Oracle Database 11g Release 1（11.1））传输到另一个平台。 在这种情况下，文件头必须在传输之前的某个时刻被读/写。 但是，升级过程中不需要特别的操作。
About Upgrading Using Standby Databases
在滚动升级期间，您可以在主数据库和备用数据库上升级时运行不同版本的Oracle数据库软件，一次一个，通过使用以下任一方法在主数据库上产生最少的停机时间
使用物理备用数据库进行滚动升级；SQL应用和逻辑备用数据库
About Upgrading Your Operating System升级操作系统
When you upgrade to a new release of Oracle software, the operating system requirements may have changed. If required, upgrade the operating system before upgrading Oracle Database.
升级到新版本的Oracle软件时，操作系统要求可能已更改。 如果需要，请在升级Oracle数据库之前升级操作系统。
Migrating Data to a Different Operating System升级到不同的操作系统
When using DBUA or when performing a manual upgrade, you cannot migrate data in a database on one operating system to a database on another operating system. For example, you cannot migrate data in an Oracle9i database on Solaris to an Oracle 11g database on Windows using DBUA.
在使用DBUA或执行手动升级时，无法将一个操作系统上的数据库中的数据迁移到另一个操作系统上的数据库。 例如，您不能使用DBUA将Solaris上的Oracle9i数据库中的数据迁移到Windows上的Oracle 11g数据库。
To migrate Oracle Database software to a different operating system ：将Oracle数据库软件迁移到其他操作系统
(1)Upgrade to the new Oracle Database 11g release on your current operating system platform following the instructions in this guide.
(2)Test the upgraded database on your current operating system platform.
(3)Use Oracle Data Guard and physical standby databases to migrate between operating systems.
See Also:
Note 413484.1 on My Oracle Support (formerly OracleMetaLink) at https://support.oracle.com/ for more information on Oracle Data Guard support for heterogeneous primary and standby systems in the same Oracle Data Guard configuration
(4)If cross-platform physical standby database is not available for the platform combination to be migrated, then you can use the Oracle Database 11g cross-platform transportable tablespace feature or the Oracle Data Pump Export and Import utilities to migrate the upgraded database to the different operating system.
Note:
Transportable tablespaces do not support migrating SYSTEM or SYSAUX tablespaces. All non-segment user data, such as roles, triggers, views, and procedures, must be moved to the new operating system with scripts or export/import.
(5)If the two operating systems are in the same endianness group, then you can use the Oracle Database 11g cross-platform transportable database feature to migrate the entire database.
(6)You can also use Oracle Streams to migrate data between operating systems. Oracle Streams has data type limitations and restrictions, such as for advanced queues and object types, and it requires additional administrative overhead.
See Also:
Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide for more information on transportable tablespaces
Oracle Database High Availability Overview for more information on migrations using Data Guard or transportable databases
Oracle Streams Concepts and Administration for more information on migrations using Oracle Streams
Chapter 7, "Moving Data Using Oracle Data Pump"
3.2 Installing the New Oracle Database Software for the Upgrade：安装用于升级的新Oracle数据库软件
You must install the software for the new Oracle Database release before you can perform the upgrade of Oracle Database. The installation procedure for the new Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) installs the Oracle software into a new Oracle home. This is referred to as an out-of-place upgrade and is different from patch set releases for earlier releases of Oracle Database, where the patch set was always installed in place. Oracle strongly recommends that you follow the steps in this procedure to ensure minimal downtime for the upgrade process and integrity of the new binaries and software libraries.
您必须先安装适用于新Oracle数据库版本的软件，然后才能执行Oracle数据库升级。 新的Oracle数据库11g第2版（11.2）的安装过程将Oracle软件安装到新的Oracle主目录中。 这被称为场外升级，与早期版本的Oracle数据库的补丁集版本不同，补丁集始终安装就位。 Oracle强烈建议您按照此过程中的步骤确保升级过程的最短停机时间和新的二进制文件和软件库的完整性。
To install the new Oracle Database software for this release
1. If you are upgrading an Oracle RAC database, then you must perform the following steps in the order shown:如果要升级Oracle RAC数据库，则必须按所示顺序执行以下步骤
a.Upgrade Oracle Clusterware first as described in "Considerations for Upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM Instances".
首先按照"升级Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM实例的注意事项"中所述升级Oracle Clusterware。
b.Mount the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation media.
安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装介质。
c.Perform operating system prerequisite checks on each of the nodes that you intend to upgrade, to ensure that they meet the system prerequisites for Oracle Grid Infrastructure (Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM).
对您打算升级的每个节点执行操作系统先决条件检查，以确保它们满足Oracle Grid Infrastructure（Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM）的系统先决条件。
d.If necessary, perform patch upgrades of the earlier release of Oracle Clusterware or Oracle Cluster Ready Services software to the most recent patch version.
如有必要，请将早期版本的Oracle Clusterware或Oracle Cluster Ready Services软件升级到最新的修补程序版本。
e.Ensure that you are logged in as the user that you want to own the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, and run the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. Provide information as prompted by the installer.
确保您以希望拥有Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装的用户身份登录，然后运行Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装。 根据安装人员的提示提供信息。
f.When prompted, open a separate terminal session, log in as root, and run root.sh.
出现提示时，打开单独的终端会话，以root身份登录并运行root.sh.
2. After upgrading Oracle Clusterware, follow the instructions in your Oracle operating system-specific documentation to prepare for installation of Oracle Database software and start the Oracle Universal Installer.
升级Oracle Clusterware后，请按照Oracle操作系统特定文档中的说明进行操作，以准备安装Oracle数据库软件并启动Oracle Universal Installer。
Oracle recommends that you run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool before you upgrade using DBUA, so that you can preview the types of items DBUA checks. (See "Using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool".) You can then run DBUA independently after the installation is complete.
If you use Oracle Label Security, Oracle Database Vault, or both, then select Enterprise Edition on the Select Database Edition page, click Select Options, and enable one or both components from the components list. See Oracle Label Security Administrator's Guide and Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for more information.
When installation of Oracle Database software has completed successfully, click Exit to close Oracle Universal Installer.
3.3 About the Latest Patch Set Updates and Any Required Patches
3.4 Using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool 使用升级前信息工具
After you have installed the software for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) and any required patches, Oracle recommends that you analyze your database before upgrading it to the new release. This is done by running the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool from the environment of the database you are to upgrade. The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool is a SQL script included with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) software. This is a required step if you are upgrading manually; otherwise, the catupgrd.sql script terminates with errors. Running the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool is also recommended if you are upgrading with DBUA, so that you can preview the items that DBUA checks.
为Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）和任何必需的修补程序安装软件后，Oracle建议您在将数据库升级到新版本之前分析数据库。 这是通过从要升级的数据库的环境运行预升级信息工具来完成的。 预升级信息工具是Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）软件附带的SQL脚本。 如果您手动升级，这是必需的步骤; 否则，catupgrd.sql脚本会以错误的方式终止。 如果要使用DBUA进行升级，还建议运行预升级信息工具，以便可以预览DBUA检查的项目。
See Also:
Note 884522.1 "How to Download and Run Oracle's Database Pre-Upgrade Utility" available from My Oracle Support at https://support.oracle.com, which contains the latest version of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool. Oracle strongly recommends that you use the latest version of this script available in Note 884522.1.
To run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool 运行预升级信息工具
1.Log in to the system as the owner of the environment of the database being upgraded.
升级前信息工具必须复制并且必须从正在升级的数据库环境运行。
2.Start SQL*Plus.
3.Connect to the database instance as a user with SYSDBA privileges.
4.Set the system to spool results to a log file for later analysis:
SQL> SPOOL upgrade_info.log
5.Run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool:
SQL> @$11g_ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlu112i.sql
6.Turn off the spooling of script results to the log file:
SQL> SPOOL OFF
Check the output of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool in upgrade_info.log.
About the Output of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool:关于升级前信息工具的输出
The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool displays warnings about possible upgrade issues with the database. The output in Example 3-1 shows the report that is generated from running the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool after installing the software for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2). In addition to the warnings that the tool displays, you must address any errors described in the output of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool before performing the upgrade.
预升级信息工具显示有关数据库可能升级问题的警告。 示例3-1中的输出显示了在安装Oracle Database 11g第2版软件（11.2）之后运行预升级信息工具生成的报告。 除了工具显示的警告外，您必须解决在执行升级之前升级前信息工具输出中描述的任何错误。
For invalid objects or invalid components, Oracle recommends running the the utlrp.sql before starting the upgrade as a means to minimize the number of invalid objects and components marked with WARNING.
对于无效对象或无效组件，Oracle建议您在开始升级之前运行utlrp.sql，以尽量减少标有"WARNING"的无效对象和组件的数量。
The following topics contain sample output of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool and provide descriptions of each section of the output.
以下主题包含预升级信息工具的示例输出，并提供输出的每个部分的说明如下：
Database Section Contents
Tablespaces Section Contents
Rollback Segments Section Contents
Flashback Section Contents
Update Parameters Section Contents
Renamed Parameters Section Contents
Obsolete/Deprecated Parameters Section Contents
Components Section Contents
Miscellaneous Warnings Section Contents
Recommendations Section Contents
Pre-Upgrade Information Tool Miscellaneous Warnings 升级前信息工具杂项警告：
在升级到新的Oracle Database 11g版本之前，Oracle建议对升级前信息工具显示的信息和警告进行分析。 以下主题描述警告和采取的适当措施。
Updating the CONNECT Role from Earlier Releases升级connect角色
Managing and Updating Access Control Lists and Network Utility Packages管理ACL和NUP
About Downgrading and Database Links from Earlier Releases关于降级及dblink问题
About Warnings for TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Data Type关于失去文件信息
Decreasing Downtime for Gathering Optimizer Statistics (Optional)降低优化器收集信息的停机时间
Identifying Invalid Objects识别无效对象
Saving Database Control Files and Data with the emdwgrd Utility 使用emdwgrd实用程序保存数据库控制文件和数据（降级OEM)
Verifying That Materialized View Refreshes Have Completed 验证物化视图刷新已经完成
Ensuring That No Files Need Media Recovery确认没有文件需要进行恢复
Ensuring That No Files Are in Backup Mode确认没有文件在备份模式（配置中在升级期间）
Resolving Outstanding Distributed Transactions解决突出的分布式事物
Synchronizing a Standby Database with the Primary Database同步备库（如果存在备库）
Purging the Database Recycle Bin删除回收站
3.5 Configuring the Listener When Upgrading from Oracle9i
3.6 Upgrading with Database Upgrade Assistant on Linux, UNIX, and Windows 使用数据库升级助手DBUA进行升级
DBUA provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to guide you through the upgrade of a database, or you can invoke it in silent mode, which does not present a user interface. The following topics guide you through the process of upgrading a database using Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA).
DBUA提供一个图形用户界面（GUI）来指导您完成数据库升级，或者您可以以静默方式调用它，但不提供用户界面。 以下主题将指导您完成使用数据库升级助手（DBUA）升级数据库的过程。
Considerations for Using DBUA
About the DBUA Graphical User Interface
Using DBUA to Upgrade the Database on Linux, UNIX, and Windows Systems
Using DBUA in Silent Mode to Upgrade Oracle Database
Considerations for Using DBUA
Important: If you terminate the upgrade, but do not restore the database, then you cannot restart DBUA. Instead, you must continue with a manual (command line) upgrade as described in "Manually Upgrading Oracle Database".
DBUA can be used to upgrade from earlier Oracle Database 11g patch releases as well as from earlier major Oracle Database releases on both Oracle RAC databases and Oracle Database single-instance databases. The procedure to upgrade patch releases is no different from the normal upgrade procedure.
You must run the Oracle Net Configuration Assistant before running DBUA. See "Configuring the Listener When Upgrading from Oracle9i".
If you are upgrading an existing Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or if you are configuring a new Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control for the new Oracle Database 11g release, then the listener must be running before upgrading Oracle Enterprise Manager. If DBUA detects that an Oracle Enterprise Manager upgrade or configuration is requested, and DBUA does not see a listener running, then it prompts you and starts the default listener in either of these cases.
If you upgrade a cluster database using DBUA, then you must make sure the CLUSTER_DATABASE initialization parameter is set to TRUE.
If the database instance is not running, then DBUA tries to start the instance with the default initialization parameter file. If that fails, then DBUA prompts you to provide the name of the correct initialization parameter file or to start the instance. If the instance is up and running, then DBUA connects to it.
If you terminate the upgrade, but do not restore the database, then you cannot restart DBUA until you start up the existing database in UPGRADE mode using the new Oracle Database 11g server. You cannot go back to the original server unless you restore your database.
For Oracle RAC, you cannot re-run DBUA once you terminate the upgrade. If you need to re-run the upgrade, then you must run DBUA from the restored backup of the database you are upgrading.
If you restore your database manually (not using DBUA), then remove the Welcome_SID.txt file, which is located in the ORACLE_HOME/cfgtoollogs/dbua/logs/ directory, before starting DBUA. The presence of this file indicates to DBUA that this is a re-run operation.
About the DBUA Graphical User Interface
If you installed Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) and specified that you are upgrading an existing database, then DBUA starts automatically. However, if you did not specify that you are upgrading an existing database, then you can start DBUA independently after installation is complete.
While the upgrade is in process, DBUA shows the upgrade progress for each component. DBUA writes detailed trace and log files and produces a complete HTML report for later reference. To enhance security, DBUA automatically locks new user accounts in the upgraded database. DBUA then proceeds to create new configuration files (parameter and listener files) in the new Oracle home.
DBUA does not begin the upgrade until all of the pre-upgrade steps are completed.
See Also:
"Using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool"
These topics provide additional information about DBUA:
Checks Performed by Oracle DBUA
Upgrade Scripts Invoked by Oracle DBUA
Checks Performed by Oracle DBUA
DBUA performs the following checks before the upgrade:
Invalid user accounts or roles
Invalid data types or invalid objects
Desupported character sets
Adequate resources, including rollback segments, tablespaces, and free disk space
Missing SQL scripts needed for the upgrade
Listener running (if Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control upgrade or configuration is requested)
Oracle Database software linked with Database Vault option
Note:
If Database Vault is enabled, then DBUA returns an error asking you to disable Database Vault before upgrading. See "About Upgrading Databases That Use Oracle Database Vault".
Upgrade Scripts Invoked by Oracle DBUA
During the upgrade, DBUA automatically modifies or creates new required tablespaces and invokes the appropriate upgrade scripts, as follows:
If the datafiles are auto extensible and have enough disk space to grow, then DBUA continues with the upgrade.
If the datafiles are not autoextensible, then DBUA prompts you and makes the files auto extensible.
If the tablespaces are auto extensible and the MAXSIZE initialization parameter needs adjustment, then DBUA prompts for the same and adjusts the MAXSIZE parameter.
If there is not enough disk space to grow, then DBUA prompts you to create space (by adding more datafiles). DBUA does not add new datafiles because DBUA cannot determine where to create the files.
Optionally, DBUA backs up all necessary files.
详细升级步骤见官档
3.7 Optionally Performing an In-Place Upgrade (Into the Same Oracle Home)原目录升级
3.8 Upgrading Oracle Database Manually 手动升级数据库
3.9 Troubleshooting the Upgrade of Oracle Database
3.10 Rerunning the Upgrade for Oracle Database 重新运行Oracle数据库升级
3.11 Cancelling the Upgrade for Oracle Database 取消Oracle数据库的升级
3.12 About Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance 关于升级Oracle ASM实例
四、Post-Upgrade Tasks for Oracle Database Oracle 数据库的升级后任务
After performing the procedures for upgrading Oracle Database, you must complete required tasks and consider recommendations for the new release.
执行升级Oracle数据库的过程之后，您必须完成所需的任务，并考虑新版本的建议。
The chapter contains the following topics:
How to Show the Current State of the Oracle Data Dictionary
About OPatch Commands After Upgrading Oracle Database
Required Tasks to Complete After Upgrading Oracle Database
Recommended Tasks to Complete After Upgrading Oracle Database 升级Oracle数据库后完成的推荐任务
Tasks to Complete Only After Manually Upgrading Oracle Database
Required Tasks After Oracle Grid Infrastructure Upgrades
Required Tasks After Oracle ASM Upgrades
Recommended Tasks After Oracle ASM Upgrades
4.1 How to Show the Current State of the Oracle Data Dictionary
You can collect upgrade and migration diagnostic information about the current state of the data dictionary by running the dbupgdiag.sql script. The script can be run in SQL*Plus both before the upgrade on the source database and after the upgrade on the upgraded database as SYS user.
See Also:
Note 556610.1 Script to Collect DB Upgrade/Migrate Diagnostic Information (dbupgdiag.sql) on My Oracle Support at at http://support.oracle.com
To show the current state of the dictionary, execute a SQL query similar to the following example:
SQL> spool /tmp/regInvalid.out
SQL> set echo on
-- query registry
SQL> set lines 80 pages 100
SQL> select substr(comp_id,1,15) comp_id,substr(comp_name,1,30)
comp_name,substr(version,1,10) version,status
from dba_registry order by modified;
To query invalid objects, execute a SQL query similar to:
SQL> select substr(owner,1,12) owner,substr(object_name,1,30) object,substr(object_type,1,30) type, status
from dba_objects where status <> 'VALID'order by owner, type;
SQL> spool off
SQL> set echo off
4.2 About OPatch Commands After Upgrading Oracle Database
After you upgrade Oracle Database, you must run OPatch commands from the new Oracle home. For example, run the lsinventory command from the new Oracle home in order to list an accurate and complete inventory of what is currently installed on the system.
See Also:
"Appendix A" in Oracle OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for OPatch syntax and commands
4.3 Required Tasks to Complete After Upgrading Oracle Database
After you upgrade Oracle Database, regardless of whether you perform the upgrade manually, or upgrade automatically by using Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA), you must complete any required tasks that are specified for your environment. You must also consider important information about your environment. The following topics contain the required procedures and information:
Setting Environment Variables on Linux and UNIX Systems After Manual Upgrades
Upgrading the Recovery Catalog After Upgrading Oracle Database
Upgrading the Time Zone File Version After Upgrading Oracle Database
Upgrading Statistics Tables Created by the DBMS_STATS Package After Upgrading Oracle Database
Upgrading Externally Authenticated SSL Users After Upgrading Oracle Database
Installing Oracle Text Supplied Knowledge Bases After Upgrading Oracle Database
Updating Your Oracle Application Express Configuration After Upgrading Oracle Database
Configuring Fine-Grained Access to External Network Services After Upgrading Oracle Database
Enabling Oracle Database Vault and Revoking the DV_PATCH_ADMIN Role After Upgrading Oracle Database
Recommended Tasks to Perform After All Database Upgrades:
Performing the following tasks is recommended, but not required, after you have upgraded your database.
Back Up the Database
Reset Passwords to Enforce Case-Sensitivity
Understand Changes with Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Understand Oracle ASM and Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation and Upgrade
Add New Features as Appropriate
Develop New Administrative Procedures as Needed
Set Threshold Values for Tablespace Alerts
Migrate From Rollback Segments to Automatic Undo Mode
Configure Oracle Data Guard Broker
Migrate Tables from the LONG Data Type to the LOB Data Type
Test the Upgraded Production Database
4.5 Tasks to Complete Only After Manually Upgrading Oracle Database
五、Upgrading Applications After Upgrading Oracle Database 升级Oracle数据库后升级应用程序
Many new features and enhancements are available after upgrading to a new release of Oracle Database. To take advantage of the new features, you must upgrade applications running in the new release.
升级到Oracle数据库的新版本后，可以使用许多新功能和增强功能。 要利用这些新功能，您必须升级在新版本中运行的应用程序。
This chapter contains the following topics:
Overview of Upgrading Applications
Compatibility Issues for Applications When Upgrading
Upgrading Precompiler and OCI Applications
Upgrading SQL*Plus Scripts and PL/SQL
Upgrading Oracle Forms or Oracle Developer Applications
附录A、Behavior Changes After Upgrading Oracle Database 升级Oracle数据库后的行为更改
Important changes in behavior exist between Oracle9i Release 2 (9.2), Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1), Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2), Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1), and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2). This appendix focuses on behavior changes that require a database administrator (also referred to as a DBA) to make an informed decision to minimize the risks that may be introduced by the changes. This appendix does not describe all changed behavior or new features in the new Oracle Database 11g release.
This appendix includes the following topics:
Compatibility and Interoperability Issues in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2)
Compatibility and Interoperability Issues in Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1)
Compatibility and Interoperability Issues in Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2)
Compatibility and Interoperability Issues in Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1)
附录B、Gathering Optimizer Statistics for Upgrading Oracle Database 用于升级Oracle数据库的收集优化器统计信息：
Oracle provides scripts that collect optimizer statistics for dictionary objects in Oracle Database. By running these scripts before performing the actual database upgrade, you can decrease the amount of downtime incurred during the database upgrade.
This process should be tested on a test database just like any other aspect of the upgrade. Also, some schemas referenced in these scripts might not exist if some database components have not been installed.
This appendix contains the following topics:
Collecting Statistics for System Component Schemas
Creating a Statistics Table
1 Patch Set Overview
概述
2 Critical Patch Updates and Patch Set Updates
psu/cpu概述
3 System Requirements
升级或安装操作系统检查
4 Accessing the Latest Version of this Document
5 Software Availability
下载patch set相关信息
6 Database Documentation
The latest documentation for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) is available on the Oracle Technology Network website at http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage
7 Installation and Upgrade--安装和升级
Review Oracle Database Readme and your platform-specific Oracle Database Release Notes before installing Oracle software. For new installations, refer to the appropriate installation guide for the product you are installing.
See "How to Upgrade to Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2" in Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for details about performing Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management upgrades. See Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for complete information about planning and executing Oracle Database upgrades.
Oracle installation guides and release notes for each platform, the readme, and the upgrade guide are available at http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/portal.portal_db?selected=11&frame=
oracle GI upgrade和oracle database upgrade 升级参考网址 http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/portal.portal_db?selected=11&frame=
8 Known Issues
To review known issues for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), see document 1562139.1
9 List of Bugs Fixed
To check the list of bugs fixed for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.4), see document 1562142.1
=================================================================
官档：
Installing and Upgrading： http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e23633/toc.htm
How to Upgrade to Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g Release 2： http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e41961/procstop.htm#CWLIN417
How to Download and Run Oracle's Database Pre-Upgrade Utility (文档 ID 884522.1)
Oracle 11gR2 Upgrade Companion (文档 ID 785351.1)
==================官档具体如如下====================================
一、 Introduction to the Upgrade Process for Oracle Database 介绍数据库升级过程
Oracle provides upgrade options that are tailored to your database environment and tools that automate the process for upgrading Oracle Database.
Oracle提供针对您的数据库环境定制的升级选项以及自动升级Oracle数据库的过程的工具
This chapter contains the following topics:本章包含以下主题
Where to Find the Latest Information About Upgrading Oracle Database
Overview of Oracle Database Upgrade Tools and Processes
About Oracle Database Release Numbers
Compatibility and Interoperability Between Oracle Database Releases
Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) in Oracle Database
Converting Databases to 64-bit Oracle Database Software
About Rolling Upgrades for Oracle Database
Moving From Standard Edition to Enterprise Edition of Oracle Database
About Moving From Enterprise Edition to Standard Edition of Oracle Database
About Upgrading from Oracle Database Express Edition to Oracle Database
Overview of Oracle Database Upgrade Tools and Processes
Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) supports the following tools and methods for upgrading a database to the new release:
升级方法有如下四种：
1.Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA)
2.Manual upgrade using SQL scripts and utilities
3.Export and Import utilities
4.CREATE TABLE AS SQL statement
Major Steps in the Upgrade Process for Oracle Database：升级主要步骤
Step 1: Prepare to Upgrade 准备升级
Step 2: Test the Upgrade Process 测试升级过程
Step 3: Test the Upgraded Test Database 测试已经升级的测试数据库
Step 4: Prepare and Preserve the Production Database 准备和保存生产数据库
Step 5: Upgrade the Production Database 升级生产数据库
Step 6: Tune and Adjust the New Production Database 调优并调整新的生产数据库
Step 1: Prepare to Upgrade
Become familiar with the features of the new Oracle Database 11g release.熟悉新的Oracle Database 11g版本的功能。
Determine the upgrade path to the new release. 确定新版本的升级路径。
Choose an upgrade method. 选择升级方法。
Choose an Oracle home directory for the new release. 为新版本选择Oracle主目录。
Develop a testing plan. 制定测试计划。
Prepare a backup strategy. 准备备份策略。
Step 2: Test the Upgrade Process
Perform a test upgrade using a test database. The test upgrade should be conducted in an environment created for testing and should not interfere with the actual production database.
使用测试数据库进行测试升级。 测试升级应在为测试创建的环境中进行，不应干扰实际的生产数据库。
Step 3: Test the Upgraded Test Database测试库测试升级
Perform the tests you planned in Step 1 on the test database and on the test database that was upgraded to the new Oracle Database 11g release.
Compare results, noting anomalies between test results on the test database and on the upgraded database.
Investigate ways to correct any anomalies you find and then implement the corrections.
Repeat Step 1, Step 2, and the first parts of Step 3, as necessary, until the test upgrade is completely successful and works with any required applications.
Chapter 2, "Preparing to Upgrade Oracle Database" provides detailed information about Steps 1 through 3.
Step 4: Prepare and Preserve the Production Database准备生产库(升级前全备或增量备份等)供升级
Prepare the current production database as appropriate to ensure the upgrade to the new Oracle Database 11g release is successful.
Schedule the downtime required for backing up and upgrading the production database.
Back up the current production database. Perform a full or an incremental backup, as necessary, to ensure your database is protected against data loss.
Step 5: Upgrade the Production Database升级生产库(升级后全备和执行其他升级后任务)
Upgrade the production database to the new Oracle Database 11g release.
After the upgrade, perform a full backup of the production database and perform other post-upgrade tasks.
Chapter 3, "Upgrading to the New Release of Oracle Database" describes Steps 4 and 5 when using DBUA or when performing a manual upgrade.
Chapter 4, "Post-Upgrade Tasks for Oracle Database" describes the backup procedure for Step 5 after the upgrade, and other post-upgrade tasks for Step 6.
Step 6: Tune and Adjust the New Production Database调整新的生产数据库
Tune the new Oracle Database 11g production database. The new production database should perform to the same standards, or better than, the database before the upgrade.
Chapter 4, "Post-Upgrade Tasks for Oracle Database" describes these adjustments.
Determine which features of the new Oracle Database 11g release you want to use, and update your applications accordingly.
Develop new database administration procedures as needed.
Do not upgrade production users to the new release until all applications have been tested and operate properly.
Chapter 5, "Upgrading Applications After Upgrading Oracle Database" describes considerations for updating applications.
二、Preparing to Upgrade Oracle Database准备数据库升级
The process of upgrading Oracle Database includes understanding system considerations and requirements and troubleshooting various issues before actually performing the upgrade steps. Before you upgrade Oracle Database, you must become familiar with the new features and behavior changes. In preparation for upgrading you install the new Oracle software. The new Oracle software for this release provides the latest Pre-Upgrade Information Tool to help you understand requirements and complete pre-upgrade tasks.
升级Oracle数据库的过程包括了解系统注意事项和要求，并在实际执行升级步骤之前排除各种问题。 升级Oracle数据库之前，您必须熟悉新功能和行为更改。 在准备升级时，安装新的Oracle软件。 此版本的新Oracle软件提供了最新的预升级信息工具，可帮助您了解需求并完成升级前的任务
This chapter contains the following topics:本章包含以下主题
The Main Steps for Preparing to Upgrade Oracle Database 准备升级Oracle数据库的主要步骤
Testing the Upgrade Process for Oracle Database 测试Oracle数据库的升级过程
Testing the Upgraded Test Oracle Database测试升级后的测试库
2.1 The Main Steps for Preparing to Upgrade Oracle Database：准备升级Oracle数据库的主要步骤：
In preparation for upgrading Oracle Database, you review the new features, determine the best upgrade path and method. Oracle recommends that you test the upgrade process and prepare a backup strategy.
Complete the following tasks to prepare to upgrade:
Become Familiar with New Oracle Database Features for Upgrading
Determine the Upgrade Path for Upgrading Oracle Database
Choose an Upgrade Method for Upgrading Oracle Database
Choose a Location for the New Oracle Home for Upgrading Oracle Database
Develop a Testing Plan to Upgrade Oracle Database
Prepare a Backup Strategy for Upgrading Oracle Database
Become Familiar with New Oracle Database Features for Upgrading：
Before you plan the upgrade process, become familiar with the features of the new Oracle Database 11g release. Oracle Database New Features Guide is a good starting point for learning the differences between Oracle Database releases. Also, check specific guides in the Oracle Database 11g documentation library to find information about new features for a certain component. For example, see Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide for changes in Oracle Real Application Clusters.
Determine the Upgrade Path for Upgrading Oracle Database：指升级数据库到指定版本取决于当前版本
The path that you must take to upgrade to the new Oracle Database 11g release depends on the release number of your current database. It might not be possible to directly upgrade from your current release of Oracle Database to the latest release. Depending on your current release, you might be required to upgrade through one or more intermediate releases to upgrade to the new Oracle Database 11g release.
升级到新的Oracle Database 11g版本时必须遵循的路径取决于当前数据库的发行版本号。 可能无法从当前版本的Oracle数据库直接升级到最新版本。 根据您当前的版本，可能需要通过一个或多个中间版本进行升级才能升级到新的Oracle Database 11g版本。
For example, if the current database is running release 9i, then follow these steps:
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Upgrade release 9.0.1.4 to release 10.2.0.4 using the instructions in Oracle Database Upgrade Guide Release 2 (10.2).
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Upgrade release 10.2.0.4 to the new Oracle Database 11g release using the instructions in this guide
Table 2-1 Supported Upgrade Paths for Upgrading Oracle Database此表说明了升级路径
Choose an Upgrade Method for Upgrading Oracle Database：选择升级方法
The upgrade methods you can use to upgrade your database to the new Oracle Database 11g release are:
1.Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) dbua图形交互方式（支持rac)
Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) interactively steps you through the upgrade process and configures the database for the new Oracle Database 11g release. DBUA automates the upgrade process by performing all of the tasks normally performed manually. DBUA makes appropriate recommendations for configuration options such as tablespaces and redo logs. You can then act on these recommendations.
DBUA provides support for Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC). In an Oracle RAC environment, DBUA upgrades all the database and configuration files on all nodes in the cluster.
2.Manual Upgrade手动升级：
A manual upgrade consists of running SQL scripts and utilities from a command line to upgrade a database to the new Oracle Database 11g release.
While a manual upgrade gives you finer control over the upgrade process, it is more susceptible to error if any of the upgrade or pre-upgrade steps are either not followed or are performed out of order.
Before the Upgrade
The following list provides a high-level summary of the manual upgrade steps:
Analyze the database using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool. The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool is a SQL script that is supplied with the new Oracle Database 11g release, and DBUA uses this script as part of its upgrade process. Run the script on the database you are upgrading.
The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool displays warnings about possible upgrade issues with the database. It also displays information about required initialization parameters for the new Oracle Database 11g release.
Prepare the new Oracle home.See Also:"Choose a Location for the New Oracle Home for Upgrading Oracle Database" for more information
Perform a backup of the database.
Depending on the release of the database being upgraded, you might be required to perform additional pre-upgrade steps:
Adjust the parameter file for the upgrade.
Remove obsolete initialization parameters.
Adjust initialization parameters that might cause upgrade problems.
See Also:
Oracle Database Administrator's Guide and Oracle Real Application Clusters Administration and Deployment Guide
Set the COMPATIBLE parameter if not already explicitly set.
See Also:
"Setting the COMPATIBLE Initialization Parameter" for information about setting the COMPATIBLE initialization parameter
After the Upgrade
Review the upgrade spool log file and use the Post-Upgrade Status Tool. The Post-Upgrade Status Tool is a SQL script that ships with the new Oracle Database 11g release. You run the Post-Upgrade Status Tool in the environment of the new release. The Post-Upgrade Status Tool can be run any time after upgrading the database.
See Also:"Upgrading Oracle Database Manually"见手动升级指南
3.Oracle Data Pump Export and Import and Oracle Database Upgrade数据泵导入导出升级
Choose a Location for the New Oracle Home for Upgrading Oracle Database：
选择新库的家目录位置
您必须在新的Oracle数据库11g版本上为Oracle home选择一个与当前版本的Oracle主机不同的位置。 除非您正在安装Oracle数据库11g补丁程序版本，否则无法将新软件安装到与当前版本相同的Oracle主目录中。 对于补丁程序版本，您可以使用相同的Oracle Database 11g Oracle主站。
使用单独的安装目录可以使您的现有软件与新软件一起安装。 此方法使您能够在完全替换生产环境之前测试测试数据库上的升级过程。
Develop a Testing Plan to Upgrade Oracle Database：制定升级数据集的测试计划
您需要一系列精心设计的测试来验证升级过程的所有阶段。 这些测试严格执行并成功完成，确保生产数据库的升级过程得到了很好的理解，可预测和成功。 在升级生产数据库之前尽可能多地进行测试。 不要低估完整和可重复的测试过程的重要性。
无论您使用"数据库重放"还是"SQL性能分析器"等实时应用程序测试功能，或者手动执行测试，执行的测试类型都是相同的。
Your test plan must include these types of tests:
Oracle Database Upgrade Testing
Minimal Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Functional Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
High Availability Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Integration Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Performance Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Volume and Load Stress Testing for Upgrading Oracle Database
Prepare a Backup Strategy for Upgrading Oracle Database：准备升级Oracle数据库的备份策略
设计备份策略要考虑业务最大能忍受的停机时间，及测试备份恢复时间
To develop a backup strategy, consider the following questions:
How long can the production database remain inoperable before business consequences become intolerable？
What backup strategy is necessary to meet your availability requirements？
Are backups archived in a safe, offsite location？
How quickly can backups be restored (including backups in offsite storage)？
Have recovery procedures been tested successfully？
Your backup strategy should answer all of these questions and include procedures for successfully backing up and recovering your database.
您的备份策略应回答所有这些问题，并包括成功备份和恢复数据库的过程。
2.2 Testing the Upgrade Process for Oracle Database测试Oracle数据库的升级过程
创建不干扰当前生产数据库的测试环境。
练习使用测试环境升级数据库。 如果可能的话，最好的升级测试是在要升级的数据库的完整副本上执行的，而不是缩小的副本或测试数据。 如果由于某种原因，确切的副本不切实际，那么请仔细选择一个有代表性的数据子集，以转移到您的测试环境并测试该数据的升级。
2.3 Testing the Upgraded Test Oracle Database测试已经升级好的Oracle新版本数据库
Perform the planned tests on the current database and on the test database that you upgraded to the new Oracle Database 11g release. Compare the results, noting anomalies. Repeat the test upgrade as many times as necessary.
对当前数据库和升级到新的Oracle Database 11g版本的测试数据库执行计划的测试。 比较结果，注意异常。 根据需要重复测试升级多次。
Test the newly upgraded test database with existing applications to verify that they operate properly with a new Oracle database. You also might test enhanced functions by adding available Oracle Database features. However, first ensure that the applications operate in the same manner as they did in the current database.
使用现有应用程序测试新升级的测试数据库，以验证它们是否可以在新的Oracle数据库中正常运行。 您还可以通过添加可用的Oracle数据库功能来测试增强功能。 但是，首先确保应用程序的运行方式与当前数据库中的相同。
See Also:
Chapter 5, "Upgrading Applications After Upgrading Oracle Database" for more information on using applications with Oracle Database
三、Upgrading to the New Release of Oracle Database升级数据库
升级到新版本的Oracle数据库是数据库维护和管理的基本部分。Oracle提供数据库升级助手和专门的脚本和工具，以帮助升级过程并自动执行许多步骤。 本章讨论重要信息和要求，并指导您完成将数据库升级到oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）的过程。
This chapter contains the following topics:本章包含以下主题
System Considerations and Requirements for Upgrading Oracle Database 升级Oracle数据库的系统注意事项和要求
Installing the New Oracle Database Software for the Upgrade 安装用于升级的新Oracle数据库软件
About the Latest Patch Set Updates and Any Required Patches 关于最新的修补程序集更新和任何所需的修补程序
Using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool 使用升级前信息工具
Configuring the Listener When Upgrading from Oracle9i
Upgrading with Database Upgrade Assistant on Linux, UNIX, and Windows 在Linux，UNIX和Windows上使用数据库升级助手DBUA进行升级
Optionally Performing an In-Place Upgrade (Into the Same Oracle Home) （可选）执行就地升级（进入同一个Oracle Home）
Upgrading Oracle Database Manually 手动升级Oracle数据库
Troubleshooting the Upgrade of Oracle Database 升级故障排查
Rerunning the Upgrade for Oracle Database 重新运行Oracle数据库升级
Cancelling the Upgrade for Oracle Database 取消Oracle数据库的升级
About Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance 关于升级Oracle ASM实例
3.1 System Considerations and Requirements for Upgrading Oracle Database:操作系统检查
When you upgrade to a new release of Oracle Database, typically there are new or changed system requirements. The following topics describe the various checks and considerations to perform before starting an upgrade of Oracle Database:在升级前进行如下各种检查和考虑
Relocating Existing Data Files to the New Oracle Database Environment：将现有数据文件重新定位到新的Oracle数据库环境
About Upgrading PL/SQL Packages That Are Not Installed by Default：关于升级默认情况下未安装的PL / SQL软件包
About Upgrading Oracle ASM Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure：关于升级随Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装的Oracle ASM
Considerations for Upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM Instances：升级Oracle集群件和Oracle ASM实例的注意事项
About Upgrading with Read-Only and Offline Tablespaces：关于使用只读和脱机表空间进行升级
About Upgrading Using Standby Databases：关于使用备用数据库进行升级
About Upgrading Your Operating System：关于升级您的操作系统
Migrating Data to a Different Operating System：将数据迁移到不同的操作系统
About Upgrading Databases That Use Oracle Streams Downstream Capture：关于升级使用Oracle Streams Downstream Capture的数据库
About Upgrading Databases That Use Oracle Database Vault：关于升级使用Oracle Database Vault的数据库
To relocate data files to the new Oracle Database environment ：
在删除旧的Oracle环境之前，您必须将该环境中的所有数据文件重新定位到新的Oracle数据库环境。
Use Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) and select the Move Database Files option during the upgrade.
About Upgrading PL/SQL Packages That Are Not Installed by Default
之前安装在您准备升级到当前版本的数据库上的软件包可能不会自动升级。 您可能需要在当前版本中单独检查软件包是否可用，并重新安装该软件包以确保您具有最新版本。
About Upgrading Oracle ASM Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure Oracle ASM is upgraded as part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. You cannot upgrade Oracle ASM before you upgrade Oracle Grid Infrastucture.
Oracle ASM作为Oracle Grid Infrastructure升级的一部分进行了升级。 在升级Oracle Grid Infraststructure之前，无法升级Oracle ASM。
See Also:
"About Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance"
Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide
Considerations for Upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM Instances：升级Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM实例的注意事项
从Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2.0.1）开始，Oracle Clusterware和Oracle Real Application Clusters（Oracle RAC）必须安装在现有安装的单独的新目录中。 这减少了升级集群中节点所需的停机时间，并有助于企业内集群的供应。 集群升级所需的计划停机时间的减少有助于满足可用性服务水平，并且还可以更轻松地在整个企业中提供标准安装。
The following considerations pertain to upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM instances:
For releases earlier than Oracle Database 11g, either all Oracle software installations were owned by the Oracle user, typically oracle, or Oracle Database software was owned by the user oracle, and Oracle Clusterware software was owned by a separate user, typically crsuser.
对于早于Oracle数据库11g的版本，所有Oracle软件安装均由Oracle用户（通常为oracle）拥有，或者Oracle数据库软件由用户oracle拥有，Oracle Clusterware软件由独立用户（通常为crsuser）拥有。
Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the user account that is designated as owner of the release 10g Cluster Ready Services (CRS) software must perform the Oracle Clusterware 11g upgrade. The user account that is performing this upgrade must also be the user that owns the ASM home of the earlier release (that is, previous to release 11.2). If the pre-11.2 ASM home has a different owner, then the owner account must be changed before performing the upgrade.
从Oracle数据库11g开始，指定为版本10g群集就绪服务（CRS）软件所有者的用户帐户必须执行Oracle Clusterware 11g升级。 执行此升级的用户帐户还必须是拥有早期版本的ASM主目录的用户（即，在11.2版之前）。 如果11.2之前的ASM HOME有不同的所有者，则在执行升级之前必须更改所有者帐户。
As of Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2), the Oracle Clusterware software must be upgraded to a new home location in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. Additionally, Oracle ASM and Oracle Clusterware (and Oracle Restart for single-instance databases) must run in the same Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. When upgrading Oracle Clusterware to release 11.2, OUI automatically calls Oracle ASM Cluster Assistant (ASMCA) to perform the upgrade into the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home.
从Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）开始，必须将Oracle Clusterware软件升级到Oracle Grid Infrastructure新主目录位置。 此外，Oracle ASM和Oracle Clusterware（以及针对单实例数据库的Oracle Restart）必须在同一个Oracle Grid Infrastructure home中运行。 将Oracle Clusterware升级到11.2版时，OUI会自动调用Oracle ASM Cluster Assistant（ASMCA）执行升级到Oracle Grid Infrastructure home。
To upgrade to Oracle Database release 11.2.0.3, you must install the Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database software into a new Oracle home instead of into the existing Oracle home.
要升级到Oracle数据库11.2.0.3版，您必须将Oracle Grid Infrastructure和Oracle Database软件安装到新的Oracle主目录中，而不是安装到现有的Oracle主目录中
For a single-instance configuration, Oracle ASM and Oracle Restart run from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home, and the cluster synchronization services daemon (CSS) runs from this same home. Thus, Oracle ASM and CSS are upgraded to Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) at the same time.
对于单实例配置，Oracle ASM和Oracle Restart从Oracle Grid Infrastructure主目录运行，并且集群同步服务守护进程（CSS）从同一个主目录运行。 因此，Oracle ASM和CSS同时升级到Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）
For Oracle Database release 11.1 and earlier releases, if your configuration does not include Oracle ASM, then you must shut down the CSS daemon and delete the CSS service from the system by running the localconfig command with the delete option. For example:
对于Oracle数据库版本11.1和更早版本，如果您的配置不包括Oracle ASM，则必须通过运行带有delete选项的localconfig命令来关闭CSS守护进程并从系统中删除CSS服务。 例如
ORACLE_HOME/bin/localconfig delete
You must ensure that the database compatibility attribute for Oracle ASM disk groups matches the compatibility parameter that is set in init.ora.
您必须确保Oracle ASM磁盘组的数据库兼容性属性与init.ora中设置的兼容性参数相匹配。
Determining If Oracle ASM is Included in the Current Database Configuration：确定当前数据库配置中是否包含Oracle ASM
If you do not know whether or not your configuration includes Oracle ASM, then issue the following SQL statement on the database instance:如果您不知道您的配置是否包含Oracle ASM，请在数据库实例上发出以下SQL语句
select count(*) from v$asm_client where status = 'CONNECTED';
If this statement returns one or more rows, then the database is actively using an Oracle ASM disk group.
如果此语句返回一个或多个行，则数据库正在主动使用Oracle ASM磁盘组。
About Upgrading an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) Database：关于升级Oracle Real Application Clusters（Oracle RAC）数据库
You can use Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) to upgrade an existing Oracle RAC database to the current release of Oracle Database. DBUA guides you through the upgrade process and configures your database for the new release. DBUA automates the upgrade process and makes appropriate recommendations for configuration options such as tablespaces and online redo log files.
您可以使用数据库升级助手（DBUA）将现有Oracle RAC数据库升级到当前版本的Oracle数据库。 DBUA引导您完成升级过程，并为新版本配置数据库。 DBUA自动执行升级过程，并为配置选项（如表空间和联机重做日志文件）提供适当的建议。
If you are manually upgrading an Oracle RAC database, then most of the actions are to be performed on only one node of the system. Actions that must be performed on more than one node are indicated in the relevant steps.
如果您手动升级Oracle RAC数据库，则大多数操作将仅在系统的一个节点上执行。 必须在多个节点上执行的操作在相关步骤中指出
About Requirements for Time Synchronization on Oracle RAC：
Oracle Clusterware 11g release 2 (11.2) requires time synchronization across all nodes within a cluster when Oracle RAC is deployed.
You can use one of the following options for time synchronizaion:
Your operating system-configured network time protocol (NTP)
Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service
See Also:
Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for your operating system for information on configuring NTP and Oracle Cluster Time Synchronization Service
Considerations for Upgrading Oracle RAC and Databases That Use Oracle ASM：升级使用Oracle ASM的Oracle RAC和数据库的注意事项
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A subset of nodes cannot be selected when upgrading from an earlier release to 11.2.0.3.
Before the new database release 11.2.0.3 software can be installed on the system, the root script for upgrading Oracle Grid Infrastructure invokes ASMCA to upgrade Oracle ASM to release 11.2.0.3.
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Where Oracle Clusterware software has been upgraded to release 11.2.0.1, but where Oracle ASM is running an earlier release, then DBUA displays an error indicating that the Oracle ASM cluster has not been upgraded. In this case, the root script invokes Oracle ASM Cluster Assistant (ASMCA) to upgrade Oracle ASM to release 11.2.0.1 before installing any Oracle Database release 11.2.0.3 software on the system.
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When upgrading from release 11.2.0.1 to 11.2.0.3, DBUA needs the Oracle Clusterware stack to be up. If DBUA finds that the Oracle Clusterware stack is down on the local node, then it displays an error message indicating the commands that need to be run to start up the stack on the local node.
-
DBUA does not permit a single-instance database (SIDB) release 11.2.0.3 to be installed on 11.2.0.1 clusters.
-
If DBUA detects Oracle Restart, then it presents a page asking you whether to register the database with Oracle Restart. If you choose to register with Oracle Restart, then DBUA displays a message prompting you to first upgrade Oracle Grid infrastructure to release 11.2.0.3.
About Upgrading System Authentication(认证） for Oracle ASM Instances
Starting with Oracle Database 11 g Release 1 (11.1), you should use the SYSASM privilege to separate database management and storage management responsibilities. Also, you have the option to create separate operating system credentials for Oracle ASM and each database. This separation allows for an even greater division of database management and storage management responsibilities. For instance, if there are n databases using Oracle ASM on a given node, then you can configure n + 1 sets of operating system credentials groups whose members have SYS privileges: one OSDBA group for each database with SYSDBA privileges, and one OSASM group for the Oracle ASM instance with SYSASM privileges.
从Oracle数据库11g第1版（11.1）开始，您应该使用SYSASM特权来分离数据库管理和存储管理责任。 另外，您可以选择为Oracle ASM和每个数据库创建单独的操作系统凭据。 这种分离可以实现数据库管理和存储管理责任的更大分工
Considerations for Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance
Before upgrading an Oracle ASM instance to the new Oracle Database 11g release, you must add a user and password combination to the password file that is local to a node's Oracle ASM instance using the SQL*Plus CREATE USER statement:
在将Oracle ASM实例升级到新的Oracle Database 11g版本之前，必须使用SQL * Plus CREATE USER语句将用户和密码组合添加到节点的Oracle ASM实例本地的密码文件中
CREATE USER user_name IDENTIFIED BY password;
-
It is only necessary to add a user and password combination to the password file when upgrading the Oracle ASM instance. It is not necessary when upgrading a database to the new Oracle Database 11g release without upgrading Oracle ASM.
-
If the default Oracle Database 11g security settings are in place, then passwords must be at least eight characters, and passwords such as welcome and oracle are not allowed.
About Upgrading with Read-Only and Offline Tablespaces：关于只读和脱机表空间的升级
Oracle Database 11g第1版（11.1）及更高版本可以读取以前版本中创建的文件头，因此您不需要在升级过程中对其进行任何操作。 唯一的例外是如果要将先前创建的表空间（Oracle Database 11g Release 1（11.1））传输到另一个平台。 在这种情况下，文件头必须在传输之前的某个时刻被读/写。 但是，升级过程中不需要特别的操作。
About Upgrading Using Standby Databases
在滚动升级期间，您可以在主数据库和备用数据库上升级时运行不同版本的Oracle数据库软件，一次一个，通过使用以下任一方法在主数据库上产生最少的停机时间
使用物理备用数据库进行滚动升级；SQL应用和逻辑备用数据库
About Upgrading Your Operating System升级操作系统
When you upgrade to a new release of Oracle software, the operating system requirements may have changed. If required, upgrade the operating system before upgrading Oracle Database.
升级到新版本的Oracle软件时，操作系统要求可能已更改。 如果需要，请在升级Oracle数据库之前升级操作系统。
Migrating Data to a Different Operating System升级到不同的操作系统
When using DBUA or when performing a manual upgrade, you cannot migrate data in a database on one operating system to a database on another operating system. For example, you cannot migrate data in an Oracle9i database on Solaris to an Oracle 11g database on Windows using DBUA.
在使用DBUA或执行手动升级时，无法将一个操作系统上的数据库中的数据迁移到另一个操作系统上的数据库。 例如，您不能使用DBUA将Solaris上的Oracle9i数据库中的数据迁移到Windows上的Oracle 11g数据库。
To migrate Oracle Database software to a different operating system ：将Oracle数据库软件迁移到其他操作系统
(1)Upgrade to the new Oracle Database 11g release on your current operating system platform following the instructions in this guide.
(2)Test the upgraded database on your current operating system platform.
(3)Use Oracle Data Guard and physical standby databases to migrate between operating systems.
See Also:
Note 413484.1 on My Oracle Support (formerly OracleMetaLink) at https://support.oracle.com/ for more information on Oracle Data Guard support for heterogeneous primary and standby systems in the same Oracle Data Guard configuration
(4)If cross-platform physical standby database is not available for the platform combination to be migrated, then you can use the Oracle Database 11g cross-platform transportable tablespace feature or the Oracle Data Pump Export and Import utilities to migrate the upgraded database to the different operating system.
Note:
Transportable tablespaces do not support migrating SYSTEM or SYSAUX tablespaces. All non-segment user data, such as roles, triggers, views, and procedures, must be moved to the new operating system with scripts or export/import.
(5)If the two operating systems are in the same endianness group, then you can use the Oracle Database 11g cross-platform transportable database feature to migrate the entire database.
(6)You can also use Oracle Streams to migrate data between operating systems. Oracle Streams has data type limitations and restrictions, such as for advanced queues and object types, and it requires additional administrative overhead.
See Also:
Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide for more information on transportable tablespaces
Oracle Database High Availability Overview for more information on migrations using Data Guard or transportable databases
Oracle Streams Concepts and Administration for more information on migrations using Oracle Streams
Chapter 7, "Moving Data Using Oracle Data Pump"
3.2 Installing the New Oracle Database Software for the Upgrade：安装用于升级的新Oracle数据库软件
You must install the software for the new Oracle Database release before you can perform the upgrade of Oracle Database. The installation procedure for the new Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) installs the Oracle software into a new Oracle home. This is referred to as an out-of-place upgrade and is different from patch set releases for earlier releases of Oracle Database, where the patch set was always installed in place. Oracle strongly recommends that you follow the steps in this procedure to ensure minimal downtime for the upgrade process and integrity of the new binaries and software libraries.
您必须先安装适用于新Oracle数据库版本的软件，然后才能执行Oracle数据库升级。 新的Oracle数据库11g第2版（11.2）的安装过程将Oracle软件安装到新的Oracle主目录中。 这被称为场外升级，与早期版本的Oracle数据库的补丁集版本不同，补丁集始终安装就位。 Oracle强烈建议您按照此过程中的步骤确保升级过程的最短停机时间和新的二进制文件和软件库的完整性。
To install the new Oracle Database software for this release
1. If you are upgrading an Oracle RAC database, then you must perform the following steps in the order shown:如果要升级Oracle RAC数据库，则必须按所示顺序执行以下步骤
a.Upgrade Oracle Clusterware first as described in "Considerations for Upgrading Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM Instances".
首先按照"升级Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM实例的注意事项"中所述升级Oracle Clusterware。
b.Mount the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation media.
安装Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装介质。
c.Perform operating system prerequisite checks on each of the nodes that you intend to upgrade, to ensure that they meet the system prerequisites for Oracle Grid Infrastructure (Oracle Clusterware and Oracle ASM).
对您打算升级的每个节点执行操作系统先决条件检查，以确保它们满足Oracle Grid Infrastructure（Oracle Clusterware和Oracle ASM）的系统先决条件。
d.If necessary, perform patch upgrades of the earlier release of Oracle Clusterware or Oracle Cluster Ready Services software to the most recent patch version.
如有必要，请将早期版本的Oracle Clusterware或Oracle Cluster Ready Services软件升级到最新的修补程序版本。
e.Ensure that you are logged in as the user that you want to own the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, and run the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. Provide information as prompted by the installer.
确保您以希望拥有Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装的用户身份登录，然后运行Oracle Grid Infrastructure安装。 根据安装人员的提示提供信息。
f.When prompted, open a separate terminal session, log in as root, and run root.sh.
出现提示时，打开单独的终端会话，以root身份登录并运行root.sh.
2. After upgrading Oracle Clusterware, follow the instructions in your Oracle operating system-specific documentation to prepare for installation of Oracle Database software and start the Oracle Universal Installer.
升级Oracle Clusterware后，请按照Oracle操作系统特定文档中的说明进行操作，以准备安装Oracle数据库软件并启动Oracle Universal Installer。
Oracle recommends that you run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool before you upgrade using DBUA, so that you can preview the types of items DBUA checks. (See "Using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool".) You can then run DBUA independently after the installation is complete.
If you use Oracle Label Security, Oracle Database Vault, or both, then select Enterprise Edition on the Select Database Edition page, click Select Options, and enable one or both components from the components list. See Oracle Label Security Administrator's Guide and Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for more information.
When installation of Oracle Database software has completed successfully, click Exit to close Oracle Universal Installer.
See Also:
-
"Configuring the Listener When Upgrading from Oracle9i"
-
"Upgrading with Database Upgrade Assistant on Linux, UNIX, and Windows"
-
"Performing an In-Place Upgrade for Single-Instance Oracle Database"
-
"Performing an In-Place Upgrade for an Oracle RAC Database"
3.3 About the Latest Patch Set Updates and Any Required Patches
The software for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) contains a full release that includes all the latest patches and updates for Oracle Database. It is not necessary to check for patch set updates before proceeding with the upgrade process for this release. However, Oracle recommends that you periodically check for patches and patch set updates as a part of database administration.
Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）的软件包含一个完整版本，其中包含Oracle数据库的所有最新修补程序和更新。 在继续此版本的升级过程之前，没有必要检查补丁集更新。 但是，Oracle建议您定期检查修补程序和修补程序集更新，作为数据库管理的一部分。
See Also:
-
Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX
-
"Oracle Database Upgrade Path Reference List" (Note ID 730365.1) on My Oracle Support at https://support.oracle.com, which contains an upgrade reference list for most available Oracle Database releases, including download information, patch numbers, and links to other notes
3.4 Using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool 使用升级前信息工具
After you have installed the software for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) and any required patches, Oracle recommends that you analyze your database before upgrading it to the new release. This is done by running the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool from the environment of the database you are to upgrade. The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool is a SQL script included with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) software. This is a required step if you are upgrading manually; otherwise, the catupgrd.sql script terminates with errors. Running the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool is also recommended if you are upgrading with DBUA, so that you can preview the items that DBUA checks.
为Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）和任何必需的修补程序安装软件后，Oracle建议您在将数据库升级到新版本之前分析数据库。 这是通过从要升级的数据库的环境运行预升级信息工具来完成的。 预升级信息工具是Oracle Database 11g第2版（11.2）软件附带的SQL脚本。 如果您手动升级，这是必需的步骤; 否则，catupgrd.sql脚本会以错误的方式终止。 如果要使用DBUA进行升级，还建议运行预升级信息工具，以便可以预览DBUA检查的项目。
These topics contain additional information about the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool:
-
About the Output of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool
-
Pre-Upgrade Information Tool Miscellaneous Warnings
See Also:
Note 884522.1 "How to Download and Run Oracle's Database Pre-Upgrade Utility" available from My Oracle Support at https://support.oracle.com, which contains the latest version of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool. Oracle strongly recommends that you use the latest version of this script available in Note 884522.1.
To run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool 运行预升级信息工具
1.Log in to the system as the owner of the environment of the database being upgraded.
Important:重要：
The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool must be copied to and must be run from the environment of the database being upgraded.升级前信息工具必须复制并且必须从正在升级的数据库环境运行。
2.Start SQL*Plus.
3.Connect to the database instance as a user with SYSDBA privileges.
4.Set the system to spool results to a log file for later analysis:
SQL> SPOOL upgrade_info.log
5.Run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool:
SQL> @$11g_ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlu112i.sql
6.Turn off the spooling of script results to the log file:
SQL> SPOOL OFF
Check the output of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool in upgrade_info.log.
About the Output of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool:关于升级前信息工具的输出
The Pre-Upgrade Information Tool displays warnings about possible upgrade issues with the database. The output in Example 3-1 shows the report that is generated from running the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool after installing the software for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2). In addition to the warnings that the tool displays, you must address any errors described in the output of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool before performing the upgrade.
预升级信息工具显示有关数据库可能升级问题的警告。 示例3-1中的输出显示了在安装Oracle Database 11g第2版软件（11.2）之后运行预升级信息工具生成的报告。 除了工具显示的警告外，您必须解决在执行升级之前升级前信息工具输出中描述的任何错误。
For invalid objects or invalid components, Oracle recommends running the the utlrp.sql before starting the upgrade as a means to minimize the number of invalid objects and components marked with WARNING.
对于无效对象或无效组件，Oracle建议您在开始升级之前运行utlrp.sql，以尽量减少标有"WARNING"的无效对象和组件的数量。
The following topics contain sample output of the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool and provide descriptions of each section of the output.
以下主题包含预升级信息工具的示例输出，并提供输出的每个部分的说明如下：
Database Section Contents
Tablespaces Section Contents
Rollback Segments Section Contents
Flashback Section Contents
Update Parameters Section Contents
Renamed Parameters Section Contents
Obsolete/Deprecated Parameters Section Contents
Components Section Contents
Miscellaneous Warnings Section Contents
Recommendations Section Contents
Pre-Upgrade Information Tool Miscellaneous Warnings 升级前信息工具杂项警告：
在升级到新的Oracle Database 11g版本之前，Oracle建议对升级前信息工具显示的信息和警告进行分析。 以下主题描述警告和采取的适当措施。
Updating the CONNECT Role from Earlier Releases升级connect角色
Managing and Updating Access Control Lists and Network Utility Packages管理ACL和NUP
About Downgrading and Database Links from Earlier Releases关于降级及dblink问题
About Warnings for TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Data Type关于失去文件信息
Decreasing Downtime for Gathering Optimizer Statistics (Optional)降低优化器收集信息的停机时间
Identifying Invalid Objects识别无效对象
Saving Database Control Files and Data with the emdwgrd Utility 使用emdwgrd实用程序保存数据库控制文件和数据（降级OEM)
Verifying That Materialized View Refreshes Have Completed 验证物化视图刷新已经完成
Ensuring That No Files Need Media Recovery确认没有文件需要进行恢复
Ensuring That No Files Are in Backup Mode确认没有文件在备份模式（配置中在升级期间）
Resolving Outstanding Distributed Transactions解决突出的分布式事物
Synchronizing a Standby Database with the Primary Database同步备库（如果存在备库）
Purging the Database Recycle Bin删除回收站
3.5 Configuring the Listener When Upgrading from Oracle9i
3.6 Upgrading with Database Upgrade Assistant on Linux, UNIX, and Windows 使用数据库升级助手DBUA进行升级
DBUA provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to guide you through the upgrade of a database, or you can invoke it in silent mode, which does not present a user interface. The following topics guide you through the process of upgrading a database using Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA).
DBUA提供一个图形用户界面（GUI）来指导您完成数据库升级，或者您可以以静默方式调用它，但不提供用户界面。 以下主题将指导您完成使用数据库升级助手（DBUA）升级数据库的过程。
Considerations for Using DBUA
About the DBUA Graphical User Interface
Using DBUA to Upgrade the Database on Linux, UNIX, and Windows Systems
Using DBUA in Silent Mode to Upgrade Oracle Database
Considerations for Using DBUA
Important: If you terminate the upgrade, but do not restore the database, then you cannot restart DBUA. Instead, you must continue with a manual (command line) upgrade as described in "Manually Upgrading Oracle Database".
DBUA can be used to upgrade from earlier Oracle Database 11g patch releases as well as from earlier major Oracle Database releases on both Oracle RAC databases and Oracle Database single-instance databases. The procedure to upgrade patch releases is no different from the normal upgrade procedure.
You must run the Oracle Net Configuration Assistant before running DBUA. See "Configuring the Listener When Upgrading from Oracle9i".
If you are upgrading an existing Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or if you are configuring a new Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control for the new Oracle Database 11g release, then the listener must be running before upgrading Oracle Enterprise Manager. If DBUA detects that an Oracle Enterprise Manager upgrade or configuration is requested, and DBUA does not see a listener running, then it prompts you and starts the default listener in either of these cases.
If you upgrade a cluster database using DBUA, then you must make sure the CLUSTER_DATABASE initialization parameter is set to TRUE.
If the database instance is not running, then DBUA tries to start the instance with the default initialization parameter file. If that fails, then DBUA prompts you to provide the name of the correct initialization parameter file or to start the instance. If the instance is up and running, then DBUA connects to it.
If you terminate the upgrade, but do not restore the database, then you cannot restart DBUA until you start up the existing database in UPGRADE mode using the new Oracle Database 11g server. You cannot go back to the original server unless you restore your database.
For Oracle RAC, you cannot re-run DBUA once you terminate the upgrade. If you need to re-run the upgrade, then you must run DBUA from the restored backup of the database you are upgrading.
If you restore your database manually (not using DBUA), then remove the Welcome_SID.txt file, which is located in the ORACLE_HOME/cfgtoollogs/dbua/logs/ directory, before starting DBUA. The presence of this file indicates to DBUA that this is a re-run operation.
About the DBUA Graphical User Interface
If you installed Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) and specified that you are upgrading an existing database, then DBUA starts automatically. However, if you did not specify that you are upgrading an existing database, then you can start DBUA independently after installation is complete.
While the upgrade is in process, DBUA shows the upgrade progress for each component. DBUA writes detailed trace and log files and produces a complete HTML report for later reference. To enhance security, DBUA automatically locks new user accounts in the upgraded database. DBUA then proceeds to create new configuration files (parameter and listener files) in the new Oracle home.
DBUA does not begin the upgrade until all of the pre-upgrade steps are completed.
See Also:
"Using the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool"
These topics provide additional information about DBUA:
Checks Performed by Oracle DBUA
Upgrade Scripts Invoked by Oracle DBUA
Checks Performed by Oracle DBUA
DBUA performs the following checks before the upgrade:
Invalid user accounts or roles
Invalid data types or invalid objects
Desupported character sets
Adequate resources, including rollback segments, tablespaces, and free disk space
Missing SQL scripts needed for the upgrade
Listener running (if Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control upgrade or configuration is requested)
Oracle Database software linked with Database Vault option
Note:
If Database Vault is enabled, then DBUA returns an error asking you to disable Database Vault before upgrading. See "About Upgrading Databases That Use Oracle Database Vault".
Upgrade Scripts Invoked by Oracle DBUA
During the upgrade, DBUA automatically modifies or creates new required tablespaces and invokes the appropriate upgrade scripts, as follows:
If the datafiles are auto extensible and have enough disk space to grow, then DBUA continues with the upgrade.
If the datafiles are not autoextensible, then DBUA prompts you and makes the files auto extensible.
If the tablespaces are auto extensible and the MAXSIZE initialization parameter needs adjustment, then DBUA prompts for the same and adjusts the MAXSIZE parameter.
If there is not enough disk space to grow, then DBUA prompts you to create space (by adding more datafiles). DBUA does not add new datafiles because DBUA cannot determine where to create the files.
Optionally, DBUA backs up all necessary files.
Using DBUA to Upgrade the Database on Linux, UNIX, and Windows Systems
Complete the following steps to upgrade a database using the DBUA graphical user interface. These steps are performed from within the new Oracle home where the latest database software has been installed as described in "Installing the New Oracle Database Software for the Upgrade" .详细升级步骤见官档
3.7 Optionally Performing an In-Place Upgrade (Into the Same Oracle Home)原目录升级
3.8 Upgrading Oracle Database Manually 手动升级数据库
3.9 Troubleshooting the Upgrade of Oracle Database
3.10 Rerunning the Upgrade for Oracle Database 重新运行Oracle数据库升级
3.11 Cancelling the Upgrade for Oracle Database 取消Oracle数据库的升级
3.12 About Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance 关于升级Oracle ASM实例
四、Post-Upgrade Tasks for Oracle Database Oracle 数据库的升级后任务
After performing the procedures for upgrading Oracle Database, you must complete required tasks and consider recommendations for the new release.
执行升级Oracle数据库的过程之后，您必须完成所需的任务，并考虑新版本的建议。
The chapter contains the following topics:
How to Show the Current State of the Oracle Data Dictionary
About OPatch Commands After Upgrading Oracle Database
Required Tasks to Complete After Upgrading Oracle Database
Recommended Tasks to Complete After Upgrading Oracle Database 升级Oracle数据库后完成的推荐任务
Tasks to Complete Only After Manually Upgrading Oracle Database
Required Tasks After Oracle Grid Infrastructure Upgrades
Required Tasks After Oracle ASM Upgrades
Recommended Tasks After Oracle ASM Upgrades
4.1 How to Show the Current State of the Oracle Data Dictionary
You can collect upgrade and migration diagnostic information about the current state of the data dictionary by running the dbupgdiag.sql script. The script can be run in SQL*Plus both before the upgrade on the source database and after the upgrade on the upgraded database as SYS user.
See Also:
Note 556610.1 Script to Collect DB Upgrade/Migrate Diagnostic Information (dbupgdiag.sql) on My Oracle Support at at http://support.oracle.com
To show the current state of the dictionary, execute a SQL query similar to the following example:
SQL> spool /tmp/regInvalid.out
SQL> set echo on
-- query registry
SQL> set lines 80 pages 100
SQL> select substr(comp_id,1,15) comp_id,substr(comp_name,1,30)
comp_name,substr(version,1,10) version,status
from dba_registry order by modified;
To query invalid objects, execute a SQL query similar to:
SQL> select substr(owner,1,12) owner,substr(object_name,1,30) object,substr(object_type,1,30) type, status
from dba_objects where status <> 'VALID'order by owner, type;
SQL> spool off
SQL> set echo off
4.2 About OPatch Commands After Upgrading Oracle Database
After you upgrade Oracle Database, you must run OPatch commands from the new Oracle home. For example, run the lsinventory command from the new Oracle home in order to list an accurate and complete inventory of what is currently installed on the system.
See Also:
"Appendix A" in Oracle OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for OPatch syntax and commands
4.3 Required Tasks to Complete After Upgrading Oracle Database
After you upgrade Oracle Database, regardless of whether you perform the upgrade manually, or upgrade automatically by using Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA), you must complete any required tasks that are specified for your environment. You must also consider important information about your environment. The following topics contain the required procedures and information:
Setting Environment Variables on Linux and UNIX Systems After Manual Upgrades
Upgrading the Recovery Catalog After Upgrading Oracle Database
Upgrading the Time Zone File Version After Upgrading Oracle Database
Upgrading Statistics Tables Created by the DBMS_STATS Package After Upgrading Oracle Database
Upgrading Externally Authenticated SSL Users After Upgrading Oracle Database
Installing Oracle Text Supplied Knowledge Bases After Upgrading Oracle Database
Updating Your Oracle Application Express Configuration After Upgrading Oracle Database
Configuring Fine-Grained Access to External Network Services After Upgrading Oracle Database
Enabling Oracle Database Vault and Revoking the DV_PATCH_ADMIN Role After Upgrading Oracle Database
Setting Environment Variables on Linux and UNIX Systems After Manual Upgrades
If your operating system is Linux or UNIX, and if you performed a manual upgrade of Oracle Database, then you must ensure that certain environment variables point to the directories of the new Oracle Database release. Note that DBUA automatically makes necessary changes to environment variables. Additionally, if you are upgrading a cluster database, then perform these checks on all nodes on which the cluster database has instances configured.
如果您的操作系统是Linux或UNIX，并且您执行了Oracle数据库的手动升级，则必须确保某些环境变量指向新Oracle数据库版本的目录。 请注意，DBUA会自动对环境变量进行必要的更改。 此外，如果要升级群集数据库，请在群集数据库具有实例配置的所有节点上执行这些检查。
Confirm that the following environment variables point to the directories of the new Oracle home:
-
ORACLE_HOME
-
PATH
Setting oratab and Scripts to Point to the New Oracle Home After Upgrading Oracle Database
After you upgrade Oracle Database to the new release, you must ensure that your oratab file and any client scripts that set the value of ORACLE_HOME point to the new Oracle home that is created for the new Oracle Database 11g release. Although DBUA automatically points oratab to the new Oracle home, client scripts must be checked no matter which method you use to upgrade.
将Oracle数据库升级到新版本后，必须确保将oratab文件和任何将ORACLE_HOME的值设置为指向为新Oracle数据库11g版本创建的新Oracle主目录的客户端脚本。
Upgrading the Recovery Catalog After Upgrading Oracle Database
虽然DBUA会自动将oratab指向新的Oracle主目录，但无论您使用哪种升级方法，都必须检查客户端脚本。For complete information about upgrading the recovery catalog and the UPGRADE CATALOG command, see Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide
Upgrading the Time Zone File Version After Upgrading Oracle Database
If the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool instructed you to upgrade the time zone files after completing the database upgrade, then use the DBMS_DST PL/SQL package to upgrade the time zone file.
如果升级前信息工具指示您在完成数据库升级后升级时区文件，则使用DBMS_DST PL / SQL程序包升级时区文件
Oracle Database supplies multiple versions of time zone files, and there are two types of file associated with each one: a large file, which contains all the time zones defined in the database, and a small file, which contains only the most commonly used time zones. The large versions are designated as timezlrg_version_number.dat, while the small versions are designated as timezone_version_number.dat. The files are located in the oracore/zoneinfo subdirectory under the Oracle Database home directory.
Oracle数据库提供了多个版本的时区文件，并且每种文件都与两种类型的文件相关联：一个大文件（包含数据库中定义的所有时区）和一个小文件，其中只包含最常用的时间 区域。 大版本被指定为timezlrg_version_number.dat，而小版本被指定为timezone_version_number.dat。 这些文件位于Oracle数据库主目录下的oracore zoneinfo子目录中。
See Also:
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Note ID 977512.1 "Updating the RDBMS DST version in 11gR2 (11.2.0.1 and up) using DBMS_DST" on My Oracle Support at https://support.oracle.com
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"About Warnings for TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE Data Type"
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Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide and follow the procedure in "Steps to Upgrade Time Zone File and Timestamp with Time Zone Data"
Upgrading Statistics Tables Created by the DBMS_STATS Package After Upgrading Oracle Database
If you created statistics tables using the DBMS_STATS.CREATE_STAT_TABLE procedure, then upgrade these tables by running the following procedure:
EXECUTE DBMS_STATS.UPGRADE_STAT_TABLE('scott', 'stat_table');
In the example, SCOTT is the owner of the statistics table and STAT_TABLE is the name of the statistics table. Perform this procedure for each statistics table.
其他见官档........
4.4 Recommended Tasks to Complete After Upgrading Oracle Database
Performing the following tasks is recommended, but not required, after you have upgraded your database. These tasks are recommended regardless of whether you performed the upgrade manually or by using DBUA:
在升级数据库后，建议执行以下任务，但不是必需的。 无论您是手动执行升级还是使用DBUA，都推荐执行这些任务
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Recommended Tasks to Perform After All Database Upgrades
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Recommended Tasks After Upgrading an Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1) Database
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Recommended Tasks After Upgrading an Oracle Express Edition Database
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Recommended Tasks After Upgrading an Oracle RAC Database
Performing the following tasks is recommended, but not required, after you have upgraded your database.
Back Up the Database
Reset Passwords to Enforce Case-Sensitivity
Understand Changes with Oracle Grid Infrastructure
Understand Oracle ASM and Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation and Upgrade
Add New Features as Appropriate
Develop New Administrative Procedures as Needed
Set Threshold Values for Tablespace Alerts
Migrate From Rollback Segments to Automatic Undo Mode
Configure Oracle Data Guard Broker
Migrate Tables from the LONG Data Type to the LOB Data Type
Test the Upgraded Production Database
4.5 Tasks to Complete Only After Manually Upgrading Oracle Database
If you are performing a manual upgrade of Oracle Database rather than using DBUA, then you must perform additional tasks after your database is upgraded.
Change Passwords for Oracle Supplied Accounts
Create Password File with ORAPWD
Migrate Your Initialization Parameter File to a Server Parameter File
Upgrade Oracle Text
Upgrade the Oracle Clusterware Configuration
Adjust the Initialization Parameter File for the New Release
Configure Enterprise Manager
Set CLUSTER_DATABASE Initialization Parameter For Oracle RAC
其他见官档。。。。。。。。。。
五、Upgrading Applications After Upgrading Oracle Database 升级Oracle数据库后升级应用程序
Many new features and enhancements are available after upgrading to a new release of Oracle Database. To take advantage of the new features, you must upgrade applications running in the new release.
升级到Oracle数据库的新版本后，可以使用许多新功能和增强功能。 要利用这些新功能，您必须升级在新版本中运行的应用程序。
This chapter contains the following topics:
Overview of Upgrading Applications
Compatibility Issues for Applications When Upgrading
Upgrading Precompiler and OCI Applications
Upgrading SQL*Plus Scripts and PL/SQL
Upgrading Oracle Forms or Oracle Developer Applications
附录A、Behavior Changes After Upgrading Oracle Database 升级Oracle数据库后的行为更改
Important changes in behavior exist between Oracle9i Release 2 (9.2), Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1), Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2), Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1), and Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2). This appendix focuses on behavior changes that require a database administrator (also referred to as a DBA) to make an informed decision to minimize the risks that may be introduced by the changes. This appendix does not describe all changed behavior or new features in the new Oracle Database 11g release.
This appendix includes the following topics:
Compatibility and Interoperability Issues in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2)
Compatibility and Interoperability Issues in Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1)
Compatibility and Interoperability Issues in Oracle Database 10g Release 2 (10.2)
Compatibility and Interoperability Issues in Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1)
附录B、Gathering Optimizer Statistics for Upgrading Oracle Database 用于升级Oracle数据库的收集优化器统计信息：
Oracle provides scripts that collect optimizer statistics for dictionary objects in Oracle Database. By running these scripts before performing the actual database upgrade, you can decrease the amount of downtime incurred during the database upgrade.
This process should be tested on a test database just like any other aspect of the upgrade. Also, some schemas referenced in these scripts might not exist if some database components have not been installed.
This appendix contains the following topics:
Collecting Statistics for System Component Schemas
Creating a Statistics Table
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