标题是阿里电话面试的问题,一直以为自己很清楚MVC模式,结果被问到时,居然没法将MVC和Android中各个组件对应起来,所以,面试肯定挂了,不过面试也是学习的一种方式,可以知道大公司看中什么,以及自己还有哪些知识漏洞,例如这次面试就学到了很多东西。
大家可以在看下面的内容之前,也想想能否把MVC及与Android各个组件的对应关系讲清楚,看是否还有和我一样对MVC一知半解的。
如果写的有问题的地方,欢迎讨论。转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/John-Chen/p/4458823.html
学习中读了很多别人总结的文章,有几篇不错,推荐给大家:
前端之Android入门(3):MVC模式:
http://isux.tencent.com/learn-android-from-zero-session3.html
http://isux.tencent.com/learn-android-from-zero-session4.html
http://isux.tencent.com/learn-android-from-zero-session5-html.html
The Activity Revisited:
http://www.therealjoshua.com/2012/07/android-architecture-part-10-the-activity-revisited/
谈谈UI架构设计的演化:
http://www.cnblogs.com/winter-cn/p/4285171.html
MVC,MVP 和 MVVM 的图示:
http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2015/02/mvcmvp_mvvm.html
关于另一种框架模式MVP的实践:
http://www.imooc.com/wenda/detail/216700
重新学习思考之后,再看自己项目中的某些实现,其实很多地方已经是遵循MVC的思想在实现,只是在设计和实现时,没提升到框架模式,只是根据以前的经验,以及一些基本的设计思想在做,所以被问到MVC模式时,也没想到项目中有用到的地方。我觉得不管了不了解什么框架模式以及设计模式,最主要的是得想办法做到解耦以及提升应用的稳定性。
首先说下我现在认识的MVC与Android的各个组件的对应关系:
View:自定义View或ViewGroup,负责将用户的请求通知Controller,并根据model更新界面;
Controller:Activity或者Fragment,接收用户请求并更新model;
Model:数据模型,负责数据处理相关的逻辑,封装应用程序状态,响应状态查询,通知View改变,对应Android中的datebase、SharePreference等。
下面以我做的项目中的一个模块来详细介绍Android中的MVC框架模式:
项目中有一个记录轨迹的功能,记录有几种状态:记录、暂停、停止:
接下来我把轨迹控制部分的逻辑提取出来,做了一个简单地demo,
demo源码地址:https://github.com/John-Chen/BlogSamples/tree/master/MVCDemo
View实现:
public class TrackCtrlView implements View.OnClickListener{ private ImageView btnStartTrack, btnStopTrack, btnPauseTrack; private TrackCtrlViewListener listener; private TrackRecordInfo trackRecordInfo;
public TrackCtrlView(Activity activity, TrackCtrlViewListener listener){ this.listener = listener; btnStartTrack = (ImageView) activity.findViewById(R.id.btnStartTrack); btnStopTrack = (ImageView) activity.findViewById(R.id.btnStopTrack); btnPauseTrack = (ImageView) activity.findViewById(R.id.btnPauseTrack); btnStartTrack.setOnClickListener(this); btnStopTrack.setOnClickListener(this); btnPauseTrack.setOnClickListener(this); btnPauseTrack.setOnClickListener(this); } /** * 将用户请求通知Controller */ @Override public void onClick(View v) { switch(v.getId()){ case R.id.btnStartTrack: if(listener != null){ listener.trackStatusRequest(TrackRecordStatus.Recording); } break; case R.id.btnStopTrack: if(listener != null){ listener.trackStatusRequest(TrackRecordStatus.Stoped); } break; case R.id.btnPauseTrack: if(listener != null){ if(trackRecordInfo.status == TrackRecordStatus.Paused){ listener.trackStatusRequest(TrackRecordStatus.Recording); }else{ listener.trackStatusRequest(TrackRecordStatus.Paused); } } break; default: break; } } private void refreshView(){ TrackRecordStatus trackStatus = trackRecordInfo == null ? TrackRecordStatus.Stoped : trackRecordInfo.status; if (trackStatus == TrackRecordStatus.Recording) { btnStartTrack.setVisibility(View.GONE); btnPauseTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); btnStopTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); btnPauseTrack.setImageResource(R.drawable.btn_track_ctrl_pause); } else if (trackStatus == TrackRecordStatus.Paused) { btnStartTrack.setVisibility(View.GONE); btnPauseTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); btnStopTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); btnPauseTrack.setImageResource(R.drawable.btn_track_ctrl_resume); } else { // TrackRecordStatus.Stoped btnStartTrack.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE); btnPauseTrack.setVisibility(View.GONE); btnStopTrack.setVisibility(View.GONE); } }
public void setTrackRecordInfo(@Nullable TrackRecordInfo trackRecordInfo) { this.trackRecordInfo = trackRecordInfo; refreshView(); } public interface TrackCtrlViewListener{ /** * 用户点击按钮 */ public void trackStatusRequest(@Nullable TrackRecordStatus newStatus); } }
Model实现:
public class TrackRecordInfo { private static final Gson gson = new Gson(); /** * 应该是保存轨迹数据库id,此demo中数据库操作不实现,暂时trackId一直为0 */ public int trackId; public TrackRecordStatus status; public TrackRecordInfo(int trackId, TrackRecordStatus status) { this.trackId = trackId; this.status = status; } @NonNull public static TrackRecordInfo loadTrackRecordInfo(@NonNull Context context){ String pref = SpUtil.getString(context, SpUtil.KEY_TRACK_RECORD_INFO, ""); if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(pref)){ return gson.fromJson(pref, TrackRecordInfo.class); } return null; } public static void changeTrackRecordInfo(@NonNull Context context, @Nullable TrackRecordInfo info){ SpUtil.saveString(context, SpUtil.KEY_TRACK_RECORD_INFO, info == null ? "" : gson.toJson(info)); //model通过消息总线,通知View刷新 EventBus.getDefault().post(new EventTrackRecordInfoChanged(info)); } }
Controller实现:
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements TrackCtrlView.TrackCtrlViewListener{ private TrackCtrlView trackCtrlView; private TrackRecordInfo trackRecordInfo; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); trackCtrlView = new TrackCtrlView(this, this); EventBus.getDefault().register(this); trackRecordInfo = TrackRecordInfo.loadTrackRecordInfo(this); trackCtrlView.setTrackRecordInfo(trackRecordInfo); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); EventBus.getDefault().unregister(this); } @Override public void trackStatusRequest(@Nullable TrackRecordStatus newStatus) { if(newStatus == TrackRecordStatus.Recording){ int trackId = 0; //在数据库创建一条轨迹,并获取到数据库id trackRecordInfo = new TrackRecordInfo(trackId, TrackRecordStatus.Recording); }else if (newStatus == TrackRecordStatus.Paused) { if(trackRecordInfo != null){ trackRecordInfo.status = newStatus; } } else { trackRecordInfo = null; } TrackRecordInfo.changeTrackRecordInfo(this, trackRecordInfo); } public void onEventMainThread(EventTrackRecordInfoChanged event){ trackRecordInfo = event.info; trackCtrlView.setTrackRecordInfo(trackRecordInfo); } }
最后总结下3者之间的关系:
Android中,model通知view改变,可以通过消息总线实现。