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Ftrace简介Ftrace案例Ftrace结果怎么读?vim进行Ftrace折叠Ftrace简介
Ftrace是Linux进行代码级实践分析最有效的工具之一,比如我们进行一个系统调用,出来的时间过长,我们想知道时间花哪里去了,利用Ftrace就可以追踪到一级级的时间分布。
Ftrace案例
写一个proc模块,包含一个proc的读和写的入口。test_proc_show()故意调用了一个kill_time()的函数,而kill_time()的函数,又调用了mdelay(2)和kill_moretime()的函数,该函数体内调用mdelay(2)。
kill_time()的函数和kill_moretime()函数前面都加了noinline以避免被编译器inline优化掉。
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
static unsigned int variable;
static struct proc_dir_entry *test_dir, *test_entry;
static noinline void kill_moretime(void)
{
mdelay(2);
}
static noinline void kill_time(void)
{
mdelay(2);
kill_moretime();
}
static int test_proc_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
unsigned int *ptr_var = seq->private;
kill_time();
seq_printf(seq, "%u\n", *ptr_var);
return 0;
}
static ssize_t test_proc_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,
size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
unsigned int *ptr_var = seq->private;
int err;
char *kbuffer;
if (!buffer || count > PAGE_SIZE - 1)
return -EINVAL;
kbuffer = (char *)__get_free_page(GFP_KERNEL);
if (!kbuffer)
return -ENOMEM;
err = -EFAULT;
if (copy_from_user(kbuffer, buffer, count))
goto out;
kbuffer[count] = '\0';
*ptr_var = simple_strtoul(kbuffer, NULL, 10);
return count;
out:
free_page((unsigned long)buffer);
return err;
}
static int test_proc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
return single_open(file, test_proc_show, PDE_DATA(inode));
}
static const struct file_operations test_proc_fops =
{
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = test_proc_open,
.read = seq_read,
.write = test_proc_write,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = single_release,
};
static __init int test_proc_init(void)
{
test_dir = proc_mkdir("test_dir", NULL);
if (test_dir) {
test_entry = proc_create_data("test_rw",0666, test_dir, &test_proc_fops, &variable);
if (test_entry)
return 0;
}
return -ENOMEM;
}
module_init(test_proc_init);
static __exit void test_proc_cleanup(void)
{
remove_proc_entry("test_rw", test_dir);
remove_proc_entry("test_dir", NULL);
}
module_exit(test_proc_cleanup);
MODULE_AUTHOR("Barry Song
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("proc exmaple");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");
模块对应的Makefile如下:
KVERS = $(shell uname -r)
# Kernel modules
obj-m += proc.o
# Specify flags for the module compilation.
#EXTRA_CFLAGS=-g -O0
build: kernel_modules
kernel_modules:
make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERS)/build M=$(CURDIR) modules
clean:
make -C /lib/modules/$(KVERS)/build M=$(CURDIR) clean
编译并且加载:
$ make
baohua@baohua-perf:~/develop/training/debug/ftrace/proc$
$ sudo insmod proc.ko
[sudo] password for baohua:
之后/proc目录下/proc/test_dir/test_rw文件可被读写。
下面我们用Ftrace来跟踪test_proc_show()这个函数。
我们把启动ftrace的所有命令写到一个脚本function.sh里面:
#!/bin/bash
debugfs=/sys/kernel/debug
echo nop > $debugfs/tracing/current_tracer
echo 0 > $debugfs/tracing/tracing_on
echo $$ > $debugfs/tracing/set_ftrace_pid
echo function_graph > $debugfs/tracing/current_tracer
#replace test_proc_show by your function name
echo test_proc_show > $debugfs/tracing/set_graph_function
echo 1 > $debugfs/tracing/tracing_on
exec "$@"
然后用这个脚本去启动cat /proc/test_dir/test_rw,这样ftrace下面test_proc_show()函数就被trace了。
# ./function.sh cat /proc/test_dir/test_rw
0
读取trace的结果:
# cat /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace > 1
接着用vim打开这个文件1,发现这个文件有600多行:
天了撸,长到看不清!!
Ftrace结果怎么读?
Ftrace结果怎么读?答案非常简单:如果是叶子函数,就直接在这个函数的前面显示它占用的时间,如果是非叶子,要等到 }的时候,再显示时间,如下图:
延迟比较大的部分,会有+、#等特殊标号:
'$' - greater than 1 second
'@' - greater than 100 milisecond
'*' - greater than 10 milisecond
'#' - greater than 1000 microsecond
'!' - greater than 100 microsecond
'+' - greater than 10 microsecond
' ' - less than or equal to 10 microsecond.
vim对Ftrace进行折叠
上面那个Ftrace文件太大了,大到看不清。我们可以用vim来折叠之,不过需要一个vim的特别配置,我把它存放在了我的~目录,名字叫.fungraph-vim:
" Enable folding for ftrace function_graph traces.
"
" To use, :source this file while viewing a function_graph trace, or use vim's
" -S option to load from the command-line together with a trace. You can then
" use the usual vim fold commands, such as "za", to open and close nested
" functions. While closed, a fold will show the total time taken for a call,
" as would normally appear on the line with the closing brace. Folded
" functions will not include finish_task_switch(), so folding should remain
" relatively sane even through a context switch.
"
" Note that this will almost certainly only work well with a
" single-CPU trace (e.g. trace-cmd report --cpu 1).
function! FunctionGraphFoldExpr(lnum)
let line = getline(a:lnum)
if line[-1:] == '{'
if line =~ 'finish_task_switch() {$'
return '>1'
endif
return 'a1'
elseif line[-1:] == '}'
return 's1'
else
return '='
endif
endfunction
function! FunctionGraphFoldText()
let s = split(getline(v:foldstart), '|', 1)
if getline(v:foldend+1) =~ 'finish_task_switch() {$'
let s[2] = ' task switch '
else
let e = split(getline(v:foldend), '|', 1)
let s[2] = e[2]
endif
return join(s, '|')
endfunction
setlocal foldexpr=FunctionGraphFoldExpr(v:lnum)
setlocal foldtext=FunctionGraphFoldText()
setlocal foldcolumn=12
setlocal foldmethod=expr
之后我们配置vim为这个模板来打开前面那个600多行的文件1:
vim -S ~/.fungraph-vim 1
这样我们看到的样子是:
我们可以把光标移动到第5行,键盘敲打za,则展开为:
继续展开第6行的kill_time(),按za:
我们可以用z、a两个按键,搜索或者展开Ftrace的结果。
最后,https://github.com/brendangregg/perf-tools对Ftrace的功能进行了很好的封装和集成,建议大家用perf-tools来使用Ftrace,则效果更佳更简单。
有空再聊perf-tools。
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