查看当前Linux操作系统版本为CentOS release 6.10
[root@ufo130 ~]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
Release: 6.10
Codename: Final
下载网址
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
下载对应操作系统的mysql安装包
有多个套件可以选择,一般选择下载客户端与服务端即可,(会提示登录oracle官网账户,没有的话可以注册一个)
切换到root用户上传安装包到/opt目录下
[root@ufo130 opt]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49219800 Apr 13 20:36 mysql-community-client-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 744268 Apr 13 22:51 mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8205352 Apr 13 22:52 mysql-community-devel-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4798368 Apr 13 22:52 mysql-community-libs-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1775392 Apr 13 22:52 mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 545353864 Apr 13 22:10 mysql-community-server-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
卸载之前的mysql安装包(如果之前有安装mysql服务,可参考第7步操作)
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
按顺序执行以下安装命令
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
检查已经安装的mysql包
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-server-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-libs-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-common-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-devel-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
mysql-community-client-8.0.19-1.el6.x86_64
启动mysql服务、关闭mysql服务(首次启动服务时会启用内置的/etc/my.cnf配置文件,有需要自己可以配置更细的参数)
[root@ufo130 opt]# service mysqld start
初始化 MySQL 数据库: [确定]
正在启动 mysqld: [确定]
[root@ufo130 opt]# service mysqld stop
停止 mysqld: [确定]
安装完mysql服务,系统会生成一个临时密码,可用于首次登录
[root@ufo130 mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log|awk '{print $NF}'
YjR&%Oojo4g_
临时登录、修改root密码、刷新权限表(修改的密码必须满足密码策略:字母大小写、数字和特殊字符,长度不小于8)
[root@ufo130 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.19
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Ufo_123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
重启生效、验证登录(登录成功)
[root@ufo130 mysql]# service mysqld restart
停止 mysqld: [确定]
正在启动 mysqld: [确定]
[root@ufo130 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.19 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
常见文件布局
/usr/bin(客户端程序和脚本)
/usr/sbin(mysqld服务器)
/var/lib/mysql(日志文件和数据库)
/usr/share/doc/packages(文档)
/usr/include/mysql(包含头文件)
/usr/lib/mysql(库文件)
/usr/share/mysql*(错误消息和字符集文件)
/usr/share/sql-bench(基准程序)
按照安装的相反顺序进行卸载(注意是包名不是包全称)
[root@ufo130 opt]# service mysqld stop
停止 mysqld: [确定]
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-server
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-client
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-devel
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-libs-compat
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-libs
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -e mysql-community-common
[root@ufo130 opt]# rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
删除配置文件 /etc/my.cnf(如果之前有)
删除启动服务 /etc/init.d/mysqld(如果存在)
优点:安装简单,适合初学者。
缺点:安装路径不灵活,默认路径不能修改,一台服务器只能安装一个mysql服务。特别是数据量很大时,默认路径不方便。