MongoDB在MAC下的安装
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安装
huijundeMacBook-Pro:~ huijunzhang$ brew install mongodb ... ==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/mongodb-3.2.9.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz ######################################################################## 100.0% ==> Pouring mongodb-3.2.9.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz ==> Caveats To have launchd start mongodb now and restart at login: brew services start mongodb Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run: mongod --config /usr/local/etc/mongod.conf ==> Summary ? /usr/local/Cellar/mongodb/3.2.9: 17 files, 241.2M
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启动MongoDB
上面提示的直接启动mongo的方法
mongod --config /usr/local/etc/mongod.conf
具体操作如下：
huijundeMacBook-Pro:~ huijunzhang$ mongod --config /usr/local/etc/mongod.conf & [1] 19869 huijundeMacBook-Pro:~ huijunzhang$ mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.2.9 connecting to: test Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help". For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user Server has startup warnings: 2016-08-31T09:30:34.820+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2016-08-31T09:30:34.820+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: soft rlimits too low. Number of files is 256, should be at least 1000
到此，mongoDB在mac下的安装就完成了
一、基本操作
mongodb中的基本操作无非就是增删改查，看下边
insert：
> db.table_name.insert({"name":"zhj","age":20,"province":"henan"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.table_name.insert({"name":"zjf","age":18,"province":"beijing"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.table_name.insert({"name":"zg","age":22,"province":"beijing"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
mongo不支持批量插入，如果需要批量插入，就使用for循环操作
find：
> db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" }
- "无关键字","$ne","$gt","$gte","$lt","$lte"
sql | mongo | 说明 | ---|---|---|
|$gt |大于 =|$gte|大于等于 < |$lt |小于 <=|$lte|小于等于 !=|$ne |不等于 ==| |等于
#select * from table_name where age == 20 db.table_name.find({"age":20}) #select * from table_name where age != 20 db.table_name.find({"age":{$ne:20}}) #select * from table_name where age > 20 db.table_name.find({"age":{$gt:20}}) #select * from table_name where age < 20 db.table_name.find({"age":{$lt:20}}) #select * from table_name where age >= 20 db.table_name.find({"age":{$gte:20}}) #select * from table_name where age <= 20 db.table_name.find({"age":{$lte:20}}) # 具体操作如下 > db.table_name.find({"age":20}) { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" } > db.table_name.find({"age":{$ne:20}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } > db.table_name.find({"age":{$gt:20}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } > db.table_name.find({"age":{$lt:20}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } > db.table_name.find({"age":{$gte:20}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } > db.table_name.find({"age":{$lte:20}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" }
- "无关键字" ,"$or", "$in","$nin"
| sql | mongo | 说明 |
|---|---|---|
| and | ||
| or | $or | |
| in | $in | |
| not in | $nin |
db.table_name.find({"name":"zhj","province":"henan"})
db.table_name.find({$or:[{"province":"henan"},{"province":"beijing"}]})
db.table_name.find({"province":{$in:["henan","beijing"]}})
db.table_name.find({"province":{$nin:["henan","beijing"]}})
# 具体操作如下
> db.table_name.find({"name":"zhj","province":"henan"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" }
> db.table_name.find({$or:[{"province":"henan"},{"province":"beijing"}]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" }
> db.table_name.find({"province":{$in:["henan","beijing"]}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" }
> db.table_name.find({"province":{$nin:["henan","beijing"]}})
>
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正则表达式
匹配以'j'开头，'e'结尾的 db.table_name.find({"name":/^j/,"name":/e$/}) > db.table_name.find({"name":/^j/,"name":/g$/}) { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" }
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$where
$where中的value就是我们常用的js # find name='zhj' db.table_name.find({$where:function(){return this.name == 'zhj'}}) # 具体操作如下 > db.table_name.find({$where:function(){return this.name == 'zhj'}}) { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" }
update:
db.table_name.insert({"name":"zhj"},{"name":"zhj","age":18})
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整体更新：
var model = db.table_name.findOne({"name":"zhj"}) model.age = 30 db.table_name.update({"name":"zhj"},model) # 具体操作如下 > var model = db.table_name.findOne({"name":"zhj"}) > model.age = 30 30 > db.table_name.update({"name":"zhj"},model) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 30, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" }
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局部更新：
① $inc修改器
$inc也就是increase的缩写，学过sqlserver的同学应该很熟悉，比如我们做一个在线用户状态记录，每次修改会在原有的基础上自增$inc指定的值，如果“文档”中没有此key，则会创建key，下面的例子一看就懂。
# 原数据的age=20，执行完下面语句，age=50，在原来的基础上加了30 db.table_name.update({"name":"zhj"},{$inc:{"age":30}}) # 具体操作如下 > db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 30, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } > db.table_name.update({"name":"zhj"},{$inc:{"age":30}}) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 60, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" }
② $set修改器
db.table_name.update({"name":"zhj"},{$set:{"age":30}})
# 具体操作如下
> db.table_name.update({"name":"zhj"},{$set:{"age":30}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.table_name.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 30, "province" : "henan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" }
- upsert操作
这个可是mongodb创造出来的“词”，大家还记得update方法的第一次参数是“查询条件”吗？，那么这个upsert操作就是说：如果我没有查到，我就在数据库里面新增一条，其实这样也有好处，就是避免了我在数据库里面判断是update还是add操作，使用起来很简单，将update的第三个参数设为true即可。
db.table_name.update({"name":"zhanghj"},{$inc:{"age":30}},true)
# 具体操作如下
> db.table_name.update({"name":"zhanghj"},{$inc:{"age":30}},true)
WriteResult({
"nMatched" : 0,
"nUpserted" : 1,
"nModified" : 0,
"_id" : ObjectId("57c63ef3a34de94e98acbdd7")
})
> db.table_name.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 30, "province" : "henan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("57c63ef3a34de94e98acbdd7"), "name" : "zhanghj", "age" : 30 }
- 批量更新
在mongodb中如果匹配多条，默认的情况下只更新第一条，那么如果我们有需求必须批量更新，那么在mongodb中实现也是很简单的，在update的第四个参数中设为true即可。例子就不举了。
#有第四个参数的全部更新 > db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 30, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63ef3a34de94e98acbdd7"), "name" : "zhanghj", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fa978935e710c61131e"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 10, "province" : "hubei" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fb678935e710c61131f"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 10, "province" : "hebei" } > db.table_name.update({"name":"zhj"},{$set:{"age":2}},false,true) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 3, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 3 }) > db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63ef3a34de94e98acbdd7"), "name" : "zhanghj", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fa978935e710c61131e"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hubei" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fb678935e710c61131f"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hebei" } #没有第四个参数的只更新第一条 > db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63ef3a34de94e98acbdd7"), "name" : "zhanghj", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fa978935e710c61131e"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hubei" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fb678935e710c61131f"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hebei" } > db.table_name.update({"name":"zhj"},{$set:{"age":20}},false) WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 }) > db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63ef3a34de94e98acbdd7"), "name" : "zhanghj", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fa978935e710c61131e"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hubei" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fb678935e710c61131f"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hebei" } >
remove：
db.table_name.remove()
二、高级操作
聚合
常见的聚合操作有：count、distinct、group、mapReduce
count
> db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63ef3a34de94e98acbdd7"), "name" : "zhanghj", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fa978935e710c61131e"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hubei" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fb678935e710c61131f"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hebei" } > db.table_name.count() 6 > db.table_name.count({"age":2}) 2
distinct
> db.table_name.distinct("name") [ "zhj", "zjf", "zg", "zhanghj" ]
group
在mongodb里面做group操作有点小复杂，不过大家对sql server 里面的group比较熟悉的话还是一眼能看的明白的，其实group操作本质上形成了一种“k-v”模型，就像C#中的Dictionary，好，有了这种思维，我们来看看如何使用group。
下面举的例子就是按照age进行group操作，value为对应age的姓名。下面对这些参数介绍一下：
- key： 这个就是分组的key，我们这里是对年龄分组。
- initial: 每组都分享一个”初始化函数“，特别注意：是每一组，比如这个的age=20的value的list分享一个
- initial函数，age=22同样也分享一个initial函数。
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$reduce: 这个函数的第一个参数是当前的文档对象，第二个参数是上一次function操作的累计对象，第一次为initial中的{”perosn“：[]}。有多少个文档， $reduce就会调用多少次。
> db.table_name.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6364278935e710c61131b"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 20, "province" : "henan" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6365e78935e710c61131c"), "name" : "zjf", "age" : 18, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c6366e78935e710c61131d"), "name" : "zg", "age" : 22, "province" : "beijing" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63ef3a34de94e98acbdd7"), "name" : "zhanghj", "age" : 30 } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fa978935e710c61131e"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hubei" } { "_id" : ObjectId("57c63fb678935e710c61131f"), "name" : "zhj", "age" : 2, "province" : "hebei" } > db.table_name.group({ ... "key":{"age":true}, ... "initial":{"table_name":[]}, ... "$reduce":function(cur,prev){ ... prev.table_name.push(cur.name); ... } ... }) [ { "age" : 20, "table_name" : [ "zhj" ] }, { "age" : 18, "table_name" : [ "zjf" ] }, { "age" : 22, "table_name" : [ "zg" ] }, { "age" : 30, "table_name" : [ "zhanghj" ] }, { "age" : 2, "table_name" : [ "zhj", "zhj" ] } ]
看到上面的结果，是不是有点感觉，我们通过age查看到了相应的name人员，不过有时我们可能有如下的要求：
①：想过滤掉age>25一些人员。
②：有时person数组里面的人员太多，我想加上一个count属性标明一下。
针对上面的需求，在group里面还是很好办到的，因为group有这么两个可选参数: condition 和 finalize。
- condition: 这个就是过滤条件。
-
finalize:这是个函数，每一组文档执行完后，多会触发此方法，那么在每组集合里面加上count也就是它的活了。
> db.table_name.group({ ... "key":{"age":true}, ... "initial":{"table_name":[]}, ... "$reduce":function(cur,prev){ ... prev.table_name.push(cur.name); ... }, ... "finalize":function(out){ ... out.count=out.table_name.length; ... }, ... "condition":{"age":{$gt:18}} ... }) [ { "age" : 20, "table_name" : [ "zhj" ], "count" : 1 }, { "age" : 22, "table_name" : [ "zg" ], "count" : 1 }, { "age" : 30, "table_name" : [ "zhanghj" ], "count" : 1 } ]
mapReduce
参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/huangxincheng/archive/2012/02/21/2361205.html
游标
mongodb里面的游标有点类似我们说的C#里面延迟执行，比如：
var list=db.person.find();
针对这样的操作，list其实并没有获取到person中的文档，而是申明一个“查询结构”，等我们需要的时候通过for或者next()一次性加载过来，然后让游标逐行读取，当我们枚举完了之后，游标销毁，之后我们在通过list获取时，
发现没有数据返回了。
> var list = db.table_name.find() > list.forEach(function(x){print(x.name)}) zhj zjf zg zhanghj zhj zhj > list >
当然我们的“查询构造”还可以搞的复杂点，比如分页，排序都可以加进去。
var single=db.table_name.find().sort({"name":1}).skip(2).limit(2);
那么这样的“查询构造”可以在我们需要执行的时候执行，大大提高了不必要的花销。
sql：
db.car_db.count({ "date_create": { $gte: ISODate("2016-05-23T16:00:00.000+0000"), $lt: ISODate("2016-05-24T16:00:00.000+0000") }, 'site': 'che168' })
聚合：
db.maiche168_car_info.aggregate( [ { $group: { _id: "$shop_id", company_name:{ $first: "$company_name"}, company_address:{ $first: "$company_address"}, province_name:{ $first: "$province_name"}, city_name:{ $first: "$city_name"}, seller_phone:{ $first: "$seller_phone"}, tags:{ $first: "$tags"}, total:{ $sum: 1}, } } ] )
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