【雷达与对抗】【2016】76-81GHz平面天线在汽车雷达中的开发与应用

本文为瑞典查尔姆斯理工大学（作者：DAPENG WU）的硕士论文，共47页。

由于半导体技术的迅速发展，汽车雷达变得越来越紧凑，价格也越来越便宜。现在大多数车辆都安装了雷达系统，以提高安全性和驾驶体验。天线作为任何雷达传感器的重要组成部分，对整个系统的尺寸和成本都有很大的影响。因此，汽车雷达天线的发展是一个具有重要现实意义的课题。

本文介绍了一种用于商用汽车雷达样机的76.5GHz微带梳状线天线阵。首先，在驻波结构中实现了13元90度梳状线阵，因此不需要额外的反射抵消结构。为了实现波束宽度和旁瓣电平之间的平衡，采用了一个20dB的泰勒振幅加权。在传统90度阵列的基础上，建立了一种新的45度极化阵列，以减小汽车反向行驶时的干扰。所有的模拟都在先进设计系统的动量模拟器（Momentum Simulator）中进行。90度和45度梳状线阵的尺寸分别为20.7×2.5平方毫米和20.5×2.0平方毫米。二者均在罗杰斯RO3003基板上实施。基于探针的装置用于测量S参数和辐射方向图。从76到78GHz，两个阵列都表现出一致的性能。在76.5GHz下，45度阵列在-16.3dB的旁瓣电平下产生11.35dBi的最大增益；交叉极化电平在-10dB左右波动。总体而言，测量结果与模拟结果吻合较好。

Automotive radars are becoming more compact and affordable thanks to the rapid development of semiconductor technology. Nowadays most vehicles are equipped with radars to enhance safety and improve driving experiences. As an essential part of any radar sensor, antenna will largely influence the size and cost of the whole system. Therefore, the development of automotive radar antenna is a critically important topic of practical interest. This thesis presents a 76.5 GHz microstrip comb-line antenna array utilized for a commercial automotive radar prototype. First a 13-element 90 degree comb-line array is realized in standing wave configuration so no additional reflection-cancelling structures are required. In order to achieve a trade-off between beamwidth and sidelobe level, a 20 dB Taylor amplitude taper is applied. Based on the conventional 90 degree array, a new array with 45 degree polarization is built to minimize the interference from cars moving in the opposite direction. All simulations are performed in Momentum Simulator of Advanced Design System. The dimensions of 90 and 45 degree comb-line arrays are 20.7×2.5 mm2 and 20.5×2.0 mm2 , respectively. Both of them are implemented on Rogers RO3003 substrate. A probe-based setup is employed for the measurement of S-parameter and radiation patterns. From 76 to 78 GHz, both arrays exhibit consistent performance. At 76.5 GHz, the 45 degree array yields a maximum gain of 11.35 dBi at and a sidelobe level of -16.3 dB; the cross-polarization level is fluctuating around -10 dB. Overall, the measurement results show good agreement with simulations.

1 引言

2 微带梳状线天线阵分析

3 90度和45度驻波微带梳状线天线阵设计

4 90度和45度驻波微带梳状线天线阵测量

5 结论

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