在MySQL中,Geometry等几何对象可以用来表示地理位置,即用几何对象表示地理空间数据。
在MySQL中支持的几何数据类型包括Geometry、Point、LineString、Polygon以及集合类型的MultiPoint、MultiLineString、MultiPolygon、GeometryCollection。其中Geometry可以表示任意一种几何类型,即在MySQL中,如果一个字段类型是Geometry,则可以存储Point、LineString等其它几何类型的值。其他的几种则需要固定有效的表示格式。
一、数据格式
在MySQL中有3种表达几何对象的格式:
WKT(文本格式)
WKB(二进制格式)
MySQL内部存储格式
WKT是文本格式,因此可以直接使用文本来表示几何数据,实现数据的插入与编辑。
二、常用函数
ST_GEOMFROMTEXT
用于将几何数据从可读的文本类型转换成内部存储的二进制类型。
示例:
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` (id,name,geometry_1)VALUES (1, 'G1', geomFromText('POINT(121.474103 31.232862)'));
ST_ASTEXT
将几何数据转换成可读的文本类型。
示例:
SELECT ST_ASTEXT(linestring_1) from t_geo_test2;
ST_GEOHASH
可以将一个地理位置(Point)转换为一个指定长度的字符串,只有Point中存储的是经纬度即第一第二坐标范围分别在(-180,180)与[-90,90]内时才可以转换成功。
SELECT ST_GeoHash(geometry_1,8) FROM t_geo_test2 where id =1;
Geohash官网:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geohash
在PG中使用的是postgis,相关对比见:https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/73995
三、数据SQL
/*
Navicat Premium Data Transfer
Source Server : mysql
Source Server Type : MySQL
Source Server Version : 50723
Source Host : 172.20.20.11:3306
Source Schema : testdepdb
Target Server Type : MySQL
Target Server Version : 50723
File Encoding : 65001
Date: 17/12/2018 16:28:33
*/
SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for t_geo_test2
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_geo_test2`;
CREATE TABLE `t_geo_test2` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`geometry_1` geometry NULL,
`point_1` point NULL,
`linestring_1` linestring NULL,
`polygon_1` polygon NULL,
`multipoint_1` multipoint NULL,
`multilinestring_1` multilinestring NULL,
`multipolygon_1` multipolygon NULL,
`geometrycollection_1` geometrycollection NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
-- ----------------------------
-- Records of t_geo_test2
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (1, 'P1', ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.474 31.2329)'), ST_GeomFromText('POINT(121.474 31.2329)'), ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 3, 12 5, 12 7)'), ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((121.474 31.2345, 121.472 31.2333, 121.471 31.2315, 121.472 31.2302, 121.473 31.2304, 121.476 31.232, 121.474 31.2345))'), ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOINT(0 0, 20 20, 60 60)'), ST_GeomFromText('MULTILINESTRING((10 10, 20 20), (15 15, 30 15))'), ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOLYGON(((0 0, 10 0, 10 10, 0 10, 0 0)), ((5 5, 7 5, 7 7, 5 7, 5 5)))'), ST_GeomFromText('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(10 10), POINT(30 30), LINESTRING(15 15, 20 20))'));
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (2, 'L1', ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(121.342 31.5424, 121.346 31.2468, 121.453 31.4569)'), ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-3 -5)'), ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 3, 12 5, 12 7)'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (3, 'P1', ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((121.474 31.2345, 121.472 31.2333, 121.471 31.2315, 121.472 31.2302, 121.473 31.2304, 121.476 31.232, 121.474 31.2345))'), ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 1)'), ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(121.342 31.5424, 121.346 31.2468, 121.453 31.4569)'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (4, 'MP1', ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOINT(0 0, 20 20, 60 60)'), ST_GeomFromText('POINT(6 7)'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (5, 'ML1', ST_GeomFromText('MULTILINESTRING((10 10, 20 20), (15 15, 30 15))'), ST_GeomFromText('POINT(4 6)'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (6, 'MPG1', ST_GeomFromText('MULTIPOLYGON(((0 0, 10 0, 10 10, 0 10, 0 0)), ((5 5, 7 5, 7 7, 5 7, 5 5)))'), ST_GeomFromText('POINT(2 5)'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (7, 'G1', ST_GeomFromText('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(10 10), POINT(30 30), LINESTRING(15 15, 20 20))'), ST_GeomFromText('POINT(1 3)'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (8, 'P1', NULL, ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-3 -5)'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (9, 'P1', NULL, NULL, ST_GeomFromText('LINESTRING(1 3, 12 5, 12 7)'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (10, 'P1', NULL, NULL, NULL, ST_GeomFromText('POLYGON((121.474 31.2345, 121.472 31.2333, 121.471 31.2315, 121.472 31.2302, 121.473 31.2304, 121.476 31.232, 121.474 31.2345))'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (17, 'P1', ST_GeomFromText('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(10 10), POINT(30 30), LINESTRING(15 15, 20 20))'), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
INSERT INTO `t_geo_test2` VALUES (18, 'P1', NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, ST_GeomFromText('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(10 10), POINT(30 30), LINESTRING(15 15, 20 20))'));
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
四、数据预览
五、数据类型说明
六、参考
https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-09/154191.htm
https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/50625
https://blog.csdn.net/rosejeck/article/details/82962511
https://blog.csdn.net/MinjerZhang/article/details/78137795
https://blog.csdn.net/varyall/article/details/80308295