Android 单元测试之Espresso - Google官方UI测试框架

Android 单元测试之Espresso - Google官方UI测试框架

Android 单元测试之JUnit和Mockito
Android 单元测试之Roboletric 环境配置
Android 单元测试之Roboletric的简单使用
Android 单元测试之Roboletric RxJava、Retrofit、访问真实网络、虚拟服务器
Android 单元测试之Espresso - Google官方UI测试框架

Espresso是Google官方推出的Instrumentation UI测试框架，在API支持方面有着天然的优势，在推出后很大程度上将替代Robotium。
Espresso官方文档

配置

android {
    ...
    defaultConfig {
        ...
        testInstrumentationRunner 'android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner'
    }
    packagingOptions {
        exclude 'LICENSE.txt'
    }
}

dependencies {
    ...
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.5'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:rules:0.5'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2.2'
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.2.2') {
        exclude module: 'support-annotations'
        exclude module: 'design'
        exclude module: 'recyclerview-v7'
        exclude module: 'support-v4'
    }
    androidTestCompile ('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2.2') {
        exclude module: 'support-annotations'
    }
    compile 'com.android.support:design:24.1.1'
}

构建时，可能会出现annotations 相关报错，加上下面的就好

android {
    configurations.all {
        resolutionStrategy.force 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.1'
    }
｝

原因是目前 Espresso 对Android 部分代码只支持到 23.0.1 而我们项目中有些android版本为23.1.1，所以出现了报错

最简单的使用

新建布局

新建Activity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TextView greetingView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        setTitle(R.string.app_name);

        greetingView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.greeting);
    }

    public void greet(View v) {
        greetingView.setText(R.string.hello);
    }
}  

新建单元测试

在androidTest中新建

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4.class)
public class MainActivityTest {
    @Rule
    public ActivityTestRule activityRele = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);

    @Test
    public void greet() {
        onView(withId(R.id.greeting)).check(matches(withText("")));

        onView(withId(R.id.greet_button)).check(matches(withText(R.string.greet))).perform(click());

        onView(withId(R.id.greeting)).check(matches(withText(R.string.hello)));
    }

    @Test
    public void toolbarTitle() {
        CharSequence title = InstrumentationRegistry.getTargetContext().getString(R.string.app_name);
        matchToolbarTitle(title);
    }

    private static ViewInteraction matchToolbarTitle(CharSequence title) {
        return onView(isAssignableFrom(Toolbar.class))
                .check(matches(withToolbarTitle(is(title))));
    }

    private static Matcher