@Override 重写的注解
package com.lan.annotation;
//什么是注解
public class Test01 extends Object {
//@Override 重写的注解
@Override
public String toString() {
return super.toString();
}
}
package com.lan.annotation;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
//什么是注解
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public class Test01 extends Object {
//Override 重写的注解
@Override
public String toString() {
return super.toString();
}
//Deprecated 不推荐程序员使用,但是可以使用,或者存在更好的方式
@Deprecated
public static void test(){
System.out.println("Deprecated");
}
//SuppressWarnings("")抑制编译时的警告
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public void test02(){
List list = new ArrayList();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test();
}
}
package com.lan.annotation;
//测试元注解
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@MyAnnotation
public class Test02 {
public void test(){
}
}
//定义一个注解
//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在哪些地方
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
//Retention 表示我们的注解在什么地方还有效
//runtime > class > sources
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented 表示是否将我们的注解生成在 JAVAdoc 中
@Documented
//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation{
}
package com.lan.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
//自定义注解
public class Test03 {
//注解可以显示赋值, 如果没有默认值, 我们就必须给注解赋值
@MyAnnotation2(age = 18 , name = "大笨蛋")
public void test(){}
@MyAnnotation3("大笨蛋")
public void test2(){}
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE , ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
//注解的参数 : 参数类型 + 参数名 ();
String name() default "";
int age();
int id() default -1; //如果默认值为 -1 , 代表不存在
String[] schools() default {"小懒零食","河池学院"};
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE , ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
String value(); //如果只有定义一个,最好用 value() 为名
}
Reflection (反射) 是Java被视为动态语言的关键,反射机制允许程序在执行期借助于 Reflection API 取得任何类的内部信息,并能直接操作任意对象的风部属性及方法
Class c = Class.forName(“java.lang.String”)
加载完类之后,在堆内存的方法区中就产生了一个Class 类型的对象(一个类只有一个Class对象),这个对象就包含了完整的类结构信息。可以通过这个对象看到类的结构。这个对象就像一面镜子,透过这个镜子看到类的结构,所以,我们形象的称之为:反射。
反射方法: 实例化对象 ----> getClass()方法 -----> 得到完整的 ”包类“ 名称
优点:
缺点:
package com.lan.reflecton;
//什么叫反射
public class Test2 extends Object {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//通过反射获取类的class 对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.User");
System.out.println(c1);
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.User");
Class c3 = Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.User");
Class c4 = Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.User");
//一个类在内存中只有一个Class 对象
//一个类被加载后,类的整个结构都会被封装在Class对象中
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
}
}
//实体类: pojo entity
class User{
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
对象照镜子后可以得到的信息:某个类的属性、方法和构造器、某个类到底实现了哪些接口。对于每个类而言,JRE 都为其保留一个不变的 Class 类型的对象。一个Class 对象包含了特定某个结构(class/interface/enum/annotation/primitive type/ void /[]) 的有关信息。
若已知具体的类,通过类的class属性获取,该方法最为安全可靠,程序性能最高。
Class clazz = Person.class;
已知某个类的实例,调用该实例的 getClass() 方法获取 Class 对象。
Class clazz = person.getClass();
已知一个类的全类名,且该类在类路径下,可通过 Class类的静态方法 forName() 获取,可以抛出 ClassNotFoundException
Class clazz = Class.forName(“demo01.Student”);
内置基本数据类型可以直接用类名 .Type
还可以利用 ClassLoader
package com.lan.reflecton;
//测试Class类的创建方式有那些
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person person = new Student();
System.out.println("这个人是:"+person.name);
//方式一:通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//方式二:forname获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.Student");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//方式三:通过类名.class 获得
Class c3 = Student.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//方式四:基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c4);
//获得父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);
}
}
class Person{
public String name;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class Student extends Person{
public Student(){
this.name = "学生";
}
}
class Teacher extends Person{
public Teacher(){
this.name = "老师";
}
}
package com.lan.reflecton;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
public class Test04 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class c1 = Object.class; //类
Class c2 = Comparable.class; //接口
Class c3 = String[].class; //一维数组
Class c4 = int[][].class; //二维数组
Class c5 = Override.class; //注解
Class c6 = ElementType.class; //枚举
Class c7 = Integer.class; //基本数据类型
Class c8 = void.class; //void
Class c9 = Class.class; //Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
//只要元素类型与维度一样,就是同一个Class
int[] a = new int[10];
int[] b = new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode());
}
}
package com.lan.reflecton;
public class Test05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(A.m);
/*
1.加载到内存,会产生一个类对应 Class对象
2.链接,链接结束后 m = 0
3.初始化
(){
System.out.println("A 类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
m = 100;
}
m = 100;
*/
}
}
class A{
static {
System.out.println("A 类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
}
/*
m = 300
m = 100
*/
static int m = 100;
public A(){
System.out.println("A 类的无参构造初始化");
}
}
package com.lan.reflecton;
//测试类什么时候会初始化
public class Test06 {
static{
System.out.println("Main类被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//1.主动引用
//Son son = new Son();
//2.反射也会产生主动力引用
//Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.Son");
//3.不会产生类的引用的方法
//System.out.println(Son.b);
//Son[] array = new Son[9];
System.out.println(Son.M);
}
}
class Father{
static int b = 2;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载");
}
}
class Son extends Father{
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
static final int M = 1;
}
package com.lan.reflecton;
public class Test07 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类加载器的父类加载器----> 扩展类加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器 ---> 根加载器(c/c++)
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent(); //无法直接获得
System.out.println(parent1); //null
//测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.Test07").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
//测试JDK内置的类是谁加载的
ClassLoader classLoader1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader1); //null
//如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
//双亲委派机制
/*
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\charsets.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\deploy.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-32.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\javaws.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jce.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jfr.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\jsse.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\plugin.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\resources.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\jdk1.8\jre\lib\rt.jar;
E:\JavaSE\out\production\基础语法;E:\JavaSE\基础语法\src\com\lib\commons-io-2.6.jar;
D:\IntelliJ IDEA Educational Edition 2019.3.2\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.3.3\lib\idea_rt.jar
*/
}
}
通过反射获得运行时类的完整结构
Field , Method , Constructor , Superclass , Interface , Annotation
用到的类(测试用)
package com.lan.reflecton;
//什么叫反射
public class Test2 extends Object {
public static void main(String[] args) {
}
}
//实体类: pojo entity
class User{
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
package com.lan.reflecton;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//获得类的信息
public class Test08 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.User");
/*User user = new User();
c1 = user.getClass();*/
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName()); //获得包名 + 类名
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName()); //获得类名
//获取类的属性
System.out.println("=========================");
Field[] fields = c1.getFields(); //只能找到 public 属性
fields = c1.getDeclaredFields(); //找到全部的属性
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
//获得指定属性的值
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
System.out.println(name);
//获得类的方法
System.out.println("===========================");
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods(); //获得本类及其父类的全部public方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("正常的:" + method);
}
methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods(); //获得本类的所有方法
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods" + method);
}
//获得指定方法
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName" , null);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName" , String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
//获得指定的构造器
System.out.println("============================");
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors(); //获得本类的public 方法
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
Constructor[] declaredConstructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors(); //本类全部方法
for (Constructor declaredConstructor : declaredConstructors) {
System.out.println("$ "+declaredConstructor);
}
//获得指定的构造器
Constructor declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println(declaredConstructor);
}
}
也是用到上面的User 类来辅助测试
package com.lan.reflecton;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//动态的创建对象,通过反射
public class Test09 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, NoSuchFieldException {
//获得class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.User");
//构造一个对象
//User user = (User)c1.newInstance(); //本质是调用了类的无参构造器
//System.out.println(user);
//通过构造器创建对象
// Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
// User user2 = (User)constructor.newInstance("小懒",001,18);
// System.out.println(user2);
//通过反射调用普通方法
User user3 = (User)c1.newInstance();
//通过反射获得一个方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
//invoke : 激活的意思
//(对象, “方法的值 )
setName.invoke(user3,"小蓝");
System.out.println(user3.getName());
//通过反射操作属性
System.out.println("========================");
User user4 = (User)c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
//不能直接操作私有属性,我们需要关闭程序的安全检测,属性或者方法的setAccessible(true)
name.setAccessible(true);
name.set(user4,"小蓝");
System.out.println(user4.getName());
}
}
普通方式执行10亿次:10ms
反射方式执行1亿次:27703ms
关闭检测方式执行1亿次:9536ms
package com.lan.reflecton;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
//分析性能问题
public class Test10 {
//普通方式调用
public static void test01(){
User user = new User();
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方式执行10亿次:"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
//反射方式调用
public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 100000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方式执行1亿次:"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
//反射方式调用 关闭检测
public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
getName.setAccessible(true); //关闭检测
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("关闭检测方式执行1亿次:"+(endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException {
test01();
test02();
test03();
}
}
package com.lan.reflecton;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
//通过反射获取泛型
public class Test11 {
public void test01(Map<String,User> map , List<User> list){
System.out.println("test01");
}
public Map<String ,User> test02(){
System.out.println("test02");
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = Test11.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes(); //获得泛型类型
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
System.out.println("#" + genericParameterType);
//是否等于 ParameterizedType 结构化参数类型
if(genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
//getActualTypeArguments 获得真实参数方法
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
System.out.println("===========================");
method = Test11.class.getMethod("test02", null);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if(genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType){
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
}
ORM : Object relationship Mapping --> 对象关系映射
Class Stuent{
int id;
String name;
int age;
}
id | name | age |
---|---|---|
001 | 小蓝 | 18 |
002 | 小笨 | 19 |
利用注解和反射完成类和表结构的映射关系。
package com.lan.reflecton;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
//练习反射操作注解
public class Test12 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.lan.reflecton.Student2");
//通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
//获得注解的Value 的值
Tablelan tablelan = (Tablelan)c1.getAnnotation(Tablelan.class);
String value = tablelan.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获得类指定的注解
Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("id");
Filedlan annotation = f.getAnnotation(Filedlan.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columnNane()); //db_id
System.out.println(annotation.type()); //int
System.out.println(annotation.length()); //10
}
}
@Tablelan("db_student")
class Student2{
@Filedlan(columnNane = "db_id" , type = "int" , length = 10)
private int id;
@Filedlan(columnNane = "db_age",type = "int" ,length = 10)
private int age;
@Filedlan(columnNane = "db_name" , type = "varchar" ,length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2() {
}
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Tablelan{
String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Filedlan{
String columnNane();
String type();
int length();
}