Requests.request()方法分享【一】

最近参加了一次新公司测试团队技术分享会，有大佬分享了关于接口自动化框架【python+requests+ddt+unittest+jenkins】，印象很深刻的是他的脚本测试用例的设计和request()方法的运用。因为我之前做的分享都是关于某个请求方法的运用，这次特地对request()方法做个分享。

request()方法

def request(method, url, **kwargs):
    """Constructs and sends a :class:`Request `.

    :param method: method for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
        in the query string for the :class:`Request`.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) A JSON serializable Python object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param headers: (optional) Dictionary of HTTP Headers to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param cookies: (optional) Dict or CookieJar object to send with the :class:`Request`.
    :param files: (optional) Dictionary of ``'name': file-like-objects`` (or ``{'name': file-tuple}``) for multipart encoding upload.
        ``file-tuple`` can be a 2-tuple ``('filename', fileobj)``, 3-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type')``
        or a 4-tuple ``('filename', fileobj, 'content_type', custom_headers)``, where ``'content-type'`` is a string
        defining the content type of the given file and ``custom_headers`` a dict-like object containing additional headers
        to add for the file.
    :param auth: (optional) Auth tuple to enable Basic/Digest/Custom HTTP Auth.
    :param timeout: (optional) How many seconds to wait for the server to send data
        before giving up, as a float, or a :ref:`(connect timeout, read
        timeout) ` tuple.
    :type timeout: float or tuple
    :param allow_redirects: (optional) Boolean. Enable/disable GET/OPTIONS/POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE/HEAD redirection. Defaults to ``True``.
    :type allow_redirects: bool
    :param proxies: (optional) Dictionary mapping protocol to the URL of the proxy.
    :param verify: (optional) Either a boolean, in which case it controls whether we verify
            the server's TLS certificate, or a string, in which case it must be a path
            to a CA bundle to use. Defaults to ``True``.
    :param stream: (optional) if ``False``, the response content will be immediately downloaded.
    :param cert: (optional) if String, path to ssl client cert file (.pem). If Tuple, ('cert', 'key') pair.
    :return: :class:`Response ` object
    :rtype: requests.Response

    Usage::

      >>> import requests
      >>> req = requests.request('GET', 'https://httpbin.org/get')
      
    """

    # By using the 'with' statement we are sure the session is closed, thus we
    # avoid leaving sockets open which can trigger a ResourceWarning in some
    # cases, and look like a memory leak in others.
    with sessions.Session() as session:
        return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)

上图是源码，可以看到request()方法有3个参数(method、url、**kwargs)：

method：请求方法，常见有GET请求，POST请求【此外还有HEAD、PUT、PATCH、DELETE、OPTIONS】（前6种就是HTTP协议所对应的请求方式，OPTIONS事实上是向服务器获取一些服务器跟客户端能够打交道的参数）

url：请求的URL地址

**kwargs 是一个可变的参数类型，在传实参时，以关键字参数的形式传入，python会自动解析成字典的形式。
介绍下一些最最常用的可选参数：
params: 字典或元组列表或字节，作为参数增加到url中；一般用于get请求，post请求也可用(不常用)。
data:字典，元组列表，字节或文件对象,作为post请求的参数。
json: JSON格式的数据，作为post请求的json参数。
files: 字典类型，传输文件，作为post请求文件流数据。
headers: 字典, HTTP请求头信息。

GET请求的实际运用

我在本地电脑模拟几个接口来做这部分的分享；可以先看看Get请求在JMeter的多种请求方式，方便跟我下面设计的用例做对比

在request()方法允许使用params关键字参数，以一个字符串字典来提供这些参数，params 往url后面添加参数的。

此图用例是传的URL已经添加实际参数

上面图片中的写法只是加个思路，加深认识而已。

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