实验十四——————IP地址划分和静态路由

实验内容

1、使用可变长子网掩码（VLSM）划分子网：

2、利用静态路由实现各个网络的连通，并利用默认路由优化路由表

实验目的

• 熟练掌握IP地址的划分
• 掌握静态路由和默认路由的基本配置，实现不同网络的互联互通

实验步骤

1、求下列地址的网络变化和广播地址

172.16.10.255   /16
192.168.1.47    /27

地址	网络编号	广播地址
172.168.10.255/16	172.16.0.0/16	172.16.255.255/16
192.168.1.47/27	192.168.1.32/27	192.168.1.63/27

2、请问下列地址是否可以分配给主机

192.168.10.31  /28

172.16.10.255  /19

答：192.168.10.31/28是广播地址，无法分配给主机，172.16.10.255/19可以分配给主机。

3、请问下列地址中哪些地址分配给主机后可以直接通信（无需路由）

192.168.10.34 /28

192.168.10.53 /28

192.168.10.31 /28

192.168.10.61 /28

答：只有192.168.10.53 /28、192.168.10.61 /28分配给主机后可以直接通信，因为处于同一网段。

实验操作

地址划分

路由器	网络地址	广播地址	可用的主机地址
A（26）	192.168.20.32/27	192.168.20.63/27	192.168.20.33~62(30个）
B（10）	192.168.20.16/28	192.168.20.31/28	192.168.20.17~30（14个）
C（5）	192.168.20.8/29	192.168.20.15/29	192.168.20.9~14（6个）
D（6）	192.168.20.128/25	192.168.20.256/25	192.168.129~255（126个）

网络拓扑结构

路由器配置

Router1

Router2

Router3

router4

测试

用pc1进行测试，分别测试192.168.1.0网段、192.168.2.0网段、192.168.3.0网段、192.168.4.0网段，10.0.1.0网段、10.0.2.0网段、10.0.3.0网段共7个网段。

Packet Tracer PC Command Line 1.0
PC>ipconfig

FastEthernet0 Connection:(default port)

   Link-local IPv6 Address.........: FE80::260:5CFF:FEE1:5CBC
   IP Address......................: 192.168.1.1
   Subnet Mask.....................: 255.255.255.0
   Default Gateway.................: 192.168.1.254

PC>ping 192.168.1.0

Pinging 192.168.1.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 192.168.1.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 192.168.2.0

Pinging 192.168.2.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 192.168.2.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 192.168.3.0

Pinging 192.168.3.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=253

Ping statistics for 192.168.3.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 7ms, Average = 3ms

PC>ping 192.168.4.0

Pinging 192.168.4.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Request timed out.
Reply from 10.0.3.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=252
Reply from 10.0.3.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=252
Reply from 10.0.3.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=252

Ping statistics for 192.168.4.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 1ms

PC>ping 10.0.1.0

Pinging 10.0.1.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=255
Reply from 192.168.1.254: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=255

Ping statistics for 10.0.1.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 10.0.2.0

Pinging 10.0.2.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 10.0.1.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254

Ping statistics for 10.0.2.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

PC>ping 10.0.3.0

Pinging 10.0.3.0 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=6ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253
Reply from 10.0.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=253

Ping statistics for 10.0.3.0:
    Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 6ms, Average = 2ms

PC>

至此，该实验结束！