linux下redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置

redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置

前言

redis集群的使用以及核心算法一致性hash问题:
链接: Redis分布式算法原理—Hash一致性理解.

一.单节点安装

  1. 首先下载redis
    wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-5.0.7.tar.gz
  2. 解压压缩包
    tar -zxvf redis-5.0.7.tar.gz
  3. yum安装gcc依赖
    yum install gcc
  4. 跳转到redis解压目录下
    cd redis-5.0.7
  5. 编译安装
    make MALLOC=libc
  6. 将/usr/local/redis-4.0.6/src目录下的文件加到/usr/local/bin目录
    cd src && make install
启动redis 方式

先切换到redis src目录下
方式一: 直接启动redis
./redis-server
方式二: 以后台进程方式启动redis(方式三同样需要修改redis.conf配置)
linux下redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置_第1张图片
./redis-server ./redis-5.0.7/redis.conf
方式三: 开机自启

  1. 在/etc目录下新建redis目录
    mkdir redis
  2. 将/opt/redis-5.0.7/redis.conf 文件复制一份到/etc/redis目录下,并命名为6379.conf 
    cp /opt/redis-5.0.7/redis.conf /etc/redis/6379.conf
  3. 将redis的启动脚本复制一份放到/etc/init.d目录下
    cp /opt/redis-5.0.7/utils/redis_init_script /etc/init.d/redisd
  4. 设置redis开机自启动
    先切换到/etc/init.d目录下
    cd /etc/init.d
    执行自启命令
    chkconfig redisd on
    如果有错误: service redisd does not support chkconfig
    使用vi编辑redisd文件,在第一行下面加入如下两行注释,保存退出
#chkconfig:   2345 90 10
#description:  Redis is a persistent key-value database
意思:  redis服务必须在运行级2,3,4,5下被启动或关闭,启动的优先级是90,关闭的优先级是10。

再次执行开机自启命令,成功
chkconfig redisd on

  1. 其它服务操作命令
    ps -aux|grep redis 查看进程
    service redisd start 启动服务
    service redisd stop 关闭服务
    ps:不建议使用kill -9杀死进程,这会导致redis服务非法的关闭,没有删除 pid文件,下次无法启动需要手动删除6379.pid文件
以上是redis单节点的安装配置,我们安装redis集群是3主3从的结构,由于我手里只有4个节点node1,node2,node3,node4所以在node1和node2上面进行伪分布式安装将两个从节点分别安装在node1和node2上。

二.redis集群的安装

为什么要用主从结构?
Redis主从复制的功能非常强大,它有以下好处:
1.避免Redis单点故障
2.构建读写分离架构,满足读多写少的应用场景,保证Redis的高可用,提高Redis的读写性能

1.主从架构

1.1 Redis主从架构拓扑图结构
linux下redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置_第2张图片
分片及一致性hash
linux下redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置_第3张图片
问题一: 在分片的集群中,如一台机器出问题,则会丢失数据,如何处理?
方案:结合上面的主从结构,读写分离来完成.,每个分片也是一个小集群,完成主从复制的过程
问题二: 分布式系统每个节点都有可能失效,并且新的节点很可能动态的增加进来的情况,如何保证当系统的节点数目发生变化的时候,我们的系统仍然能够对外提供良好的服务,那么这就是一致性hash算法的解决方案了.

2. 集群配置

先关闭node1上的redis准备配置成集群的环境
按照上面的单节点安装把其他3个节点也装上redis,修改配置并全部设置成开机自启动。
linux下redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置_第4张图片
service redisd start启动4个节点的redis
ps aux|grep 6379 查看服务是否开启
关闭以下四个节点所有的服务.
service redisd stop

3. 安装ruby和ruby gem工具

(以下操作只需要在一台机器上安装即可,这里我选用 node2 上安装 )

  1. 在 redis安装目录的 src 目录下有一个文件: redis-trib.rb 这是一个ruby版的 redis服务安装脚本,为了使用它,请首先安装 ruby. 安装ruby和ruby gem工具(redis3集群配置需要ruby的gem工具,类似yum)
    yum -y install ruby rubygems

  2. 使用gem下载redis集群的配置脚本
    gem install redis
    (错误: 没有反应,访问不到 gem的源 解决方案: 使用淘宝的一个镜像就可以安装redis了)
    gem sources -a https://ruby.taobao.org/
    gem install redis

以上又出现了第二个错误: Fetching: redis-4.2.1.gem (100%)ERROR: Error installing redis:redis requires Ruby version >= 2.3.0.
(错误分析: ruby的版本太低了,要求 2.3以上,当前用命令查一下: ruby --version)
更新一下curl命令的协议版本
yum update -y nss curl libcurl
sudo yum update nss nss-util nss-sysinit nss-tools

修改hosts文件, 加上 美国的ip和raw.githubusercontent.com
sudo vi /etc/hosts sudo
在hosts文件中加入
199.232.68.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

  1. 安装RAM: RAM(Ruby Version Manager )是一款RAM的命令行工具,可以使用RAM轻松安装,管理Ruby版本。RVM包含了Ruby的版本管理和Gem库管理(gemset)
    gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB

curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

(如果上面出错的话,请编辑一下 脚本文件 abc.sh 保存到 ~ 目录, 文件内容)

#!/usr/bin/env bash
shopt -s extglob
set -o errtrace
set -o errexit
set -o pipefail
 
rvm_install_initialize()
{
  DEFAULT_SOURCES=(github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm)
 
  BASH_MIN_VERSION="3.2.25"
  if
    [[ -n "${BASH_VERSION:-}" &&
      "$(\printf "%b" "${BASH_VERSION:-}\n${BASH_MIN_VERSION}\n" | LC_ALL=C \sort -t"." -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n | \head -n1)" != "${BASH_MIN_VERSION}"
    ]]
  then
    echo "BASH ${BASH_MIN_VERSION} required (you have $BASH_VERSION)"
    exit 1
  fi
 
  export HOME PS4
  export rvm_trace_flag rvm_debug_flag rvm_user_install_flag rvm_ignore_rvmrc rvm_prefix rvm_path
 
  PS4="+ \${BASH_SOURCE##\${rvm_path:-}} : \${FUNCNAME[0]:+\${FUNCNAME[0]}()}  \${LINENO} > "
}
 
log()  { printf "%b\n" "$*"; }
debug(){ [[ ${rvm_debug_flag:-0} -eq 0 ]] || printf "%b\n" "$*" >&2; }
warn() { log "WARN: $*" >&2 ; }
fail() { fail_with_code 1 "$*" ; }
fail_with_code() { code="$1" ; shift ; log "\nERROR: $*\n" >&2 ; exit "$code" ; }
 
rvm_install_commands_setup()
{
  \which which >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail "Could not find 'which' command, make sure it's available first before continuing installation."
  \which grep >/dev/null 2>&1 || fail "Could not find 'grep' command, make sure it's available first before continuing installation."
  if
    [[ -z "${rvm_tar_command:-}" ]] && builtin command -v gtar >/dev/null
  then
    rvm_tar_command=gtar
  elif
    ${rvm_tar_command:-tar} --help 2>&1 | GREP_OPTIONS="" \grep -- --strip-components >/dev/null
  then
    rvm_tar_command="${rvm_tar_command:-tar}"
  else
    case "$(uname)" in
      (OpenBSD)
        log "Trying to install GNU version of tar, might require sudo password"
        if (( UID ))
        then sudo pkg_add -z gtar-1
        else pkg_add -z gtar-1
        fi
        rvm_tar_command=gtar
        ;;
      (Darwin|FreeBSD|DragonFly) # it's not possible to autodetect on OSX, the help/man does not mention all flags
        rvm_tar_command=tar
        ;;
      (SunOS)
        case "$(uname -r)" in
          (5.10)
            log "Trying to install GNU version of tar, might require sudo password"
            if (( UID ))
            then
              if \which sudo >/dev/null 2>&1
              then sudo_10=sudo
              elif \which /opt/csw/bin/sudo >/dev/null 2>&1
              then sudo_10=/opt/csw/bin/sudo
              else fail "sudo is required but not found. You may install sudo from OpenCSW repository (https://www.opencsw.org/about)"
              fi
              pkginfo -q CSWpkgutil || $sudo_10 pkgadd -a $rvm_path/config/solaris/noask -d https://get.opencsw.org/now CSWpkgutil
              sudo /opt/csw/bin/pkgutil -iy CSWgtar -t https://mirror.opencsw.org/opencsw/unstable
            else
              pkginfo -q CSWpkgutil || pkgadd -a $rvm_path/config/solaris/noask -d https://get.opencsw.org/now CSWpkgutil
              /opt/csw/bin/pkgutil -iy CSWgtar -t https://mirror.opencsw.org/opencsw/unstable
            fi
            rvm_tar_command=/opt/csw/bin/gtar
            ;;
          (*)
            rvm_tar_command=tar
            ;;
        esac
    esac
    builtin command -v ${rvm_tar_command:-gtar} >/dev/null ||
    fail "Could not find GNU compatible version of 'tar' command, make sure it's available first before continuing installation."
  fi
  if
    [[ " ${rvm_tar_options:-} " != *" --no-same-owner "*  ]] &&
    $rvm_tar_command --help 2>&1 | GREP_OPTIONS="" \grep -- --no-same-owner >/dev/null
  then
    rvm_tar_options="${rvm_tar_options:-}${rvm_tar_options:+ }--no-same-owner"
  fi
}
 
usage()
{
  printf "%b" "
Usage
  rvm-installer [options] [action]
Options
  [[--]version] 
    The version or tag to install. Valid values are:
      latest         - The latest tagged version.
      latest-minor   - The latest minor version of the current major version.
      latest-     - The latest minor version of version x.
      latest-. - The latest patch version of version x.y.
      ..    - Major version x, minor version y and patch z.
  [--]branch 
    The name of the branch from which RVM is installed. This option can be used
    with the following formats for :
      /
        If account is rvm or mpapis, installs from one of the following:
          https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/master.tar.gz
          https://bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm/get/master.tar.gz
       Otherwise, installs from:
         https://github.com//rvm/archive/master.tar.gz
      /
        If account is rvm or mpapis, installs from one of the following:
          https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/.tar.gz
          https://bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm/get/.tar.gz
        Otherwise, installs from:
          https://github.com//rvm/archive/.tar.gz
      [/]
        Installs the branch from one of the following:
          https://github.com/rvm/rvm/archive/.tar.gz
          https://bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm/get/.tar.gz
      [--]source 
        Defines the repository from which RVM is retrieved and installed in the format:
          //
        Where:
            - Is bitbucket.org, github.com or a github enterprise site serving
                      an RVM repository.
           - Is the user account in which the RVM repository resides.
              - Is the name of the RVM repository.
        Note that when using the [--]source option, one should only use the [/]branch format
        with the [--]branch option. Failure to do so will result in undefined behavior.
      --trace
        Provides debug logging for the installation script.
Actions
  master - Installs RVM from the master branch at rvm/rvm on github or mpapis/rvm
           on bitbucket.org.
  stable - Installs RVM from the stable branch a rvm/rvm on github or mpapis/rvm
           on bitbucket.org.
  help   - Displays this output.
"
}
 
## duplication marker 32fosjfjsznkjneuera48jae
__rvm_curl_output_control()
{
  if
    (( ${rvm_quiet_curl_flag:-0} == 1 ))
  then
    __flags+=( "--silent" "--show-error" )
  elif
    [[ " $*" == *" -s"* || " $*" == *" --silent"* ]]
  then
    # make sure --show-error is used with --silent
    [[ " $*" == *" -S"* || " $*" == *" -sS"* || " $*" == *" --show-error"* ]] ||
    {
      __flags+=( "--show-error" )
    }
  fi
}
 
## duplication marker 32fosjfjsznkjneuera48jae
# -S is automatically added to -s
__rvm_curl()
(
  __rvm_which curl >/dev/null ||
  {
    rvm_error "RVM requires 'curl'. Install 'curl' first and try again."
    return 200
  }
 
  typeset -a __flags
  __flags=( --fail --location --max-redirs 10 )
 
  [[ "$*" == *"--max-time"* ]] ||
  [[ "$*" == *"--connect-timeout"* ]] ||
    __flags+=( --connect-timeout 30 --retry-delay 2 --retry 3 )
 
  if [[ -n "${rvm_proxy:-}" ]]
  then __flags+=( --proxy "${rvm_proxy:-}" )
  fi
 
  __rvm_curl_output_control
 
  unset curl
  __rvm_debug_command \curl "${__flags[@]}" "$@" || return $?
)
 
rvm_error()  { printf "ERROR: %b\n" "$*"; }
__rvm_which(){   which "$@" || return $?; true; }
__rvm_debug_command()
{
  debug "Running($#): $*"
  "$@" || return $?
  true
}
rvm_is_a_shell_function()
{
  [[ -t 0 && -t 1 ]] || return $?
  return ${rvm_is_not_a_shell_function:-0}
}
 
# Searches the tags for the highest available version matching a given pattern.
# fetch_version (github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm) 1.10. -> 1.10.3
# fetch_version (github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm) 1.10. -> 1.10.3
# fetch_version (github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm) 1.    -> 1.11.0
# fetch_version (github.com/rvm/rvm bitbucket.org/mpapis/rvm) ""    -> 2.0.1
fetch_version()
{
  typeset _account _domain _pattern _repo _sources _values _version
  _sources=(${!1})
  _pattern=$2
  for _source in "${_sources[@]}"
  do
    IFS='/' read -r _domain _account _repo <<< "${_source}"
    _version="$(
      fetch_versions ${_domain} ${_account} ${_repo} |
      GREP_OPTIONS="" \grep "^${_pattern:-}" | tail -n 1
    )"
    if
      [[ -n ${_version} ]]
    then
      echo "${_version}"
      return 0
    fi
  done
  fail_with_code 4 "Exhausted all sources trying to fetch version '$version' of RVM!"
}
 
# Returns a sorted list of most recent tags from a repository
fetch_versions()
{
  typeset _account _domain _repo _url
  _domain=$1
  _account=$2
  _repo=$3
  case ${_domain} in
    (bitbucket.org)
      _url="https://api.${_domain}/2.0/repositories/${_account}/${_repo}/refs/tags?sort=-name&pagelen=20"
      ;;
    (github.com)
      _url=https://api.${_domain}/repos/${_account}/${_repo}/tags
      ;;
 
    (*)
      _url=https://${_domain}/api/v3/repos/${_account}/${_repo}/tags
      ;;
  esac
 
  { __rvm_curl -sS "${_url}" || warn "...the preceeding error with code $? occurred while fetching $_url" ; } |
    \awk -v RS=',|values":' -v FS='"' '$2=="name"&&$4!="rvm"{print $4}' |
    sort -t. -k 1,1n -k 2,2n -k 3,3n -k 4,4n -k 5,5n
}
 
install_release()
{
  typeset _source _sources _url _version _verify_pgp
  _sources=(${!1})
  _version=$2
  debug "Downloading RVM version ${_version}"
  for _source in "${_sources[@]}"
  do
    case ${_source} in
      (bitbucket.org*)
        _url="https://${_source}/get/${_version}.tar.gz"
        _verify_pgp="https://${_source}/downloads/${_version}.tar.gz.asc"
        ;;
      (*)
        _url="https://${_source}/archive/${_version}.tar.gz"
        _verify_pgp="https://${_source}/releases/download/${_version}/${_version}.tar.gz.asc"
        ;;
    esac
    get_and_unpack "${_url}" "rvm-${_version}.tgz" "$_verify_pgp" && return
  done
  return $?
}
 
install_head()
{
  typeset _branch _source _sources _url
  _sources=(${!1})
  _branch=$2
  debug "Selected RVM branch ${_branch}"
  for _source in "${_sources[@]}"
  do
    case ${_source} in
      (bitbucket.org*)
        _url=https://${_source}/get/${_branch}.tar.gz
        ;;
      (*)
        _url=https://${_source}/archive/${_branch}.tar.gz
        ;;
    esac
    get_and_unpack "${_url}" "rvm-${_branch//\//_}.tgz" && return
  done
  return $?
}
 
# duplication marker dfkjdjngdfjngjcszncv
# Drop in cd which _doesn't_ respect cdpath
__rvm_cd()
{
  typeset old_cdpath ret
  ret=0
  old_cdpath="${CDPATH}"
  CDPATH="."
  chpwd_functions="" builtin cd "$@" || ret=$?
  CDPATH="${old_cdpath}"
  return $ret
}
 
get_package()
{
  typeset _url _file
  _url="$1"
  _file="$2"
  log "Downloading ${_url}"
  __rvm_curl -sS ${_url} > ${rvm_archives_path}/${_file} ||
  {
    _return=$?
    case $_return in
      # duplication marker lfdgzkngdkjvnfjknkjvcnbjkncvjxbn
      (60)
        log "
Could not download '${_url}', you can read more about it here:
https://rvm.io/support/fixing-broken-ssl-certificates/
To continue in insecure mode run 'echo insecure >> ~/.curlrc'.
"
        ;;
      # duplication marker lfdgzkngdkjvnfjknkjvcnbjkncvjxbn
      (77)
        log "
It looks like you have old certificates, you can read more about it here:
https://rvm.io/support/fixing-broken-ssl-certificates/
"
        ;;
      # duplication marker lfdgzkngdkjvnfjknkjvcnbjkncvjxbn
      (141)
        log "
Curl returned 141 - it is result of a segfault which means it's Curls fault.
Try again and if it crashes more than a couple of times you either need to
reinstall Curl or consult with your distribution manual and contact support.
"
        ;;
      (*)
        log "
Could not download '${_url}'.
  curl returned status '$_return'.
"
        ;;
    esac
    return $_return
  }
}
 
# duplication marker flnglfdjkngjndkfjhsbdjgfghdsgfklgg
rvm_install_gpg_setup()
{
  export rvm_gpg_command
  {
    rvm_gpg_command="$( \which gpg2 2>/dev/null )" &&
    [[ ${rvm_gpg_command} != "/cygdrive/"* ]]
  } || {
    rvm_gpg_command="$( \which gpg 2>/dev/null )" &&
    [[ ${rvm_gpg_command} != "/cygdrive/"* ]]
  } || rvm_gpg_command=""
 
  debug "Detected GPG program: '$rvm_gpg_command'"
 
  [[ -n "$rvm_gpg_command" ]] || return $?
}
 
# duplication marker rdjgndfnghdfnhgfdhbghdbfhgbfdhbn
verify_package_pgp()
{
  if
    "${rvm_gpg_command}" --verify "$2" "$1"
  then
    log "GPG verified '$1'"
  else
    typeset _return=$?
 
    log "\
GPG signature verification failed for '$1' - '$3'! Try to install GPG v2 and then fetch the public key:
    ${SUDO_USER:+sudo }${rvm_gpg_command##*/} --keyserver hkp://pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 7D2BAF1CF37B13E2069D6956105BD0E739499BDB
or if it fails:
    command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/mpapis.asc | ${SUDO_USER:+sudo }${rvm_gpg_command##*/} --import -
    command curl -sSL https://rvm.io/pkuczynski.asc | ${SUDO_USER:+sudo }${rvm_gpg_command##*/} --import -
In case of further problems with validation please refer to https://rvm.io/rvm/security
"
 
    exit ${_return}
  fi
}
 
verify_pgp()
{
  [[ -n "${1:-}" ]] ||
  {
    debug "No PGP url given, skipping."
    return 0
  }
 
  get_package "$1" "$2.asc" ||
  {
    debug "PGP url given but does not exist: '$1'"
    return 0
  }
 
  rvm_install_gpg_setup ||
  {
    log "Found PGP signature at: '$1',
but no GPG software exists to validate it, skipping."
    return 0
  }
 
  verify_package_pgp "${rvm_archives_path}/$2" "${rvm_archives_path}/$2.asc" "$1"
}
 
get_and_unpack()
{
  typeset _url _file _patern _return _verify_pgp
  _url="$1"
  _file="$2"
  _verify_pgp="$3"
 
  get_package "$_url" "$_file" || return $?
  verify_pgp "$_verify_pgp" "$_file" || return $?
 
  [[ -d "${rvm_src_path}/rvm" ]] || \mkdir -p "${rvm_src_path}/rvm"
  __rvm_cd "${rvm_src_path}/rvm" ||
  {
    _return=$?
    log "Could not change directory '${rvm_src_path}/rvm'."
    return $_return
  }
 
  # Remove existing installation
  typeset _cleanup_cmd
  _cleanup_cmd="rm -rf ${rvm_src_path}/rvm/{,.[!.],..?}*"
 
  $_cleanup_cmd || {
    _return=$?
      log "Could not remove old RVM sources. Try:\n\n\tsudo $_cleanup_cmd\n\nThen retry your task again."
      return $_return
  }
 
  # Unpack sources
  __rvm_debug_command $rvm_tar_command xzf ${rvm_archives_path}/${_file} ${rvm_tar_options:-} --strip-components 1 ||
  {
    _return=$?
    log "Could not extract RVM sources."
    return $_return
  }
}
 
rvm_install_default_settings()
{
  # Tracing, if asked for.
  if
    [[ "$*" == *--trace* ]] || (( ${rvm_trace_flag:-0} > 0 ))
  then
    set -o xtrace
    rvm_trace_flag=1
  fi
 
  # Variable initialization, remove trailing slashes if they exist on HOME
  true \
    ${rvm_trace_flag:=0} ${rvm_debug_flag:=0}\
    ${rvm_ignore_rvmrc:=0} HOME="${HOME%%+(\/)}"
 
  if
    (( rvm_ignore_rvmrc == 0 ))
  then
    for rvmrc in /etc/rvmrc "$HOME/.rvmrc"
    do
      if
        [[ -s "$rvmrc" ]]
      then
        if
          GREP_OPTIONS="" \grep '^\s*rvm .*$' "$rvmrc" >/dev/null 2>&1
        then
          printf "%b" "
  Error: $rvmrc is for rvm settings only.
  rvm CLI may NOT be called from within $rvmrc.
  Skipping the loading of $rvmrc
  "
          exit 1
        else
          source "$rvmrc"
        fi
      fi
    done
  fi
 
  if
    [[ -z "${rvm_path:-}" ]]
  then
    if
      (( UID == 0 ))
    then
      rvm_user_install_flag=0
      rvm_prefix="/usr/local"
      rvm_path="${rvm_prefix}/rvm"
    else
      rvm_user_install_flag=1
      rvm_prefix="$HOME"
      rvm_path="${rvm_prefix}/.rvm"
    fi
  fi
  if [[ -z "${rvm_prefix}" ]]
  then rvm_prefix=$( dirname $rvm_path )
  fi
 
  # duplication marker kkdfkgnjfndgjkndfjkgnkfjdgn
  [[ -n "${rvm_user_install_flag:-}" ]] ||
  case "$rvm_path" in
    (/usr/local/rvm)         rvm_user_install_flag=0 ;;
    ($HOME/*|/${USER// /_}*) rvm_user_install_flag=1 ;;
    (*)                      rvm_user_install_flag=0 ;;
  esac
}
 
rvm_install_parse_params()
{
  install_rubies=()
  install_gems=()
  flags=( ./scripts/install )
  forwarded_flags=()
  while
    (( $# > 0 ))
  do
    token="$1"
    shift
    case "$token" in
 
      (--trace)
        set -o xtrace
        rvm_trace_flag=1
        flags=( -x "${flags[@]}" "$token" )
        forwarded_flags+=( "$token" )
        ;;
 
      (--debug|--quiet-curl)
        flags+=( "$token" )
        forwarded_flags+=( "$token" )
        token=${token#--}
        token=${token//-/_}
        export "rvm_${token}_flag"=1
        printf "%b" "Turning on ${token/_/ } mode.\n"
        ;;
 
      (--path)
        if [[ -n "${1:-}" ]]
        then
          rvm_path="$1"
          shift
        else
          fail "--path must be followed by a path."
        fi
        ;;
 
      (--branch|branch) # Install RVM from a given branch
        if [[ -n "${1:-}" ]]
        then
          case "$1" in
            (/*)
              branch=${1#/}
              ;;
            (*/)
              branch=master
              if [[ "${1%/}" -ne rvm ]] && [[ "${1%/}" -ne mpapis ]]
              then sources=(github.com/${1%/}/rvm)
              fi
              ;;
            (*/*)
              branch=${1#*/}
              if [[ "${1%%/*}" -ne rvm ]] && [[ "${1%%/*}" -ne mpapis ]]
              then sources=(github.com/${1%%/*}/rvm)
              fi
              ;;
            (*)
              branch="$1"
              ;;
          esac
          shift
        else
          fail "--branch must be followed by a branchname."
        fi
        ;;
 
      (--source|source)
        if [[ -n "${1:-}" ]]
        then
          if [[ "$1" = */*/* ]]
          then
            sources=($1)
            shift
          else
            fail "--source must be in the format //."
          fi
        else
          fail "--source must be followed by a source."
        fi
        ;;
 
      (--user-install|--ignore-dotfiles)
        token=${token#--}
        token=${token//-/_}
        export "rvm_${token}_flag"=1
        printf "%b" "Turning on ${token/_/ } mode.\n"
        ;;
 
      (--auto-dotfiles)
        flags+=( "$token" )
        export "rvm_auto_dotfiles_flag"=1
        printf "%b" "Turning on auto dotfiles mode.\n"
        ;;
 
      (--auto)
        export "rvm_auto_dotfiles_flag"=1
        printf "%b" "Warning, --auto is deprecated in favor of --auto-dotfiles.\n"
        ;;
 
      (--verify-downloads)
        if [[ -n "${1:-}" ]]
        then
          export rvm_verify_downloads_flag="$1"
          forwarded_flags+=( "$token" "$1" )
          shift
        else
          fail "--verify-downloads must be followed by level(0|1|2)."
        fi
        ;;
 
      (--autolibs=*)
        flags+=( "$token" )
        export rvm_autolibs_flag="${token#--autolibs=}"
        forwarded_flags+=( "$token" )
        ;;
 
      (--without-gems=*|--with-gems=*|--with-default-gems=*)
        flags+=( "$token" )
        value="${token#*=}"
        token="${token%%=*}"
        token="${token#--}"
        token="${token//-/_}"
        export "rvm_${token}"="${value}"
        printf "%b" "Installing RVM ${token/_/ }: ${value}.\n"
        ;;
 
      (--version|version)
        version="$1"
        shift
        ;;
 
      (head|master)
        version="head"
        branch="master"
        ;;
 
      (stable)
        version="latest"
        ;;
 
      (latest|latest-*|+([[:digit:]]).+([[:digit:]]).+([[:digit:]]))
        version="$token"
        ;;
 
      (--ruby)
        install_rubies+=( ruby )
        ;;
 
      (--ruby=*)
        token=${token#--ruby=}
        install_rubies+=( ${token//,/ } )
        ;;
 
      (--rails)
        install_gems+=( rails )
        ;;
 
      (--gems=*)
        token=${token#--gems=}
        install_gems+=( ${token//,/ } )
        ;;
 
      (--add-to-rvm-group)
        export rvm_add_users_to_rvm_group="$1"
        shift
        ;;
 
      (help)
        usage
        exit 0
        ;;
 
      (*)
        usage
        exit 1
        ;;
 
    esac
  done
 
  if (( ${#install_gems[@]} > 0 && ${#install_rubies[@]} == 0 ))
  then install_rubies=( ruby )
  fi
 
  true "${version:=head}"
  true "${branch:=master}"
 
  if [[ -z "${sources[@]}" ]]
  then sources=("${DEFAULT_SOURCES[@]}")
  fi
 
  rvm_src_path="$rvm_path/src"
  rvm_archives_path="$rvm_path/archives"
  rvm_releases_url="https://rvm.io/releases"
}
 
rvm_install_validate_rvm_path()
{
  case "$rvm_path" in
    (*[[:space:]]*)
      printf "%b" "
It looks you are one of the happy *space* users (in home dir name),
RVM is not yet fully ready for it, use this trick to fix it:
    sudo mkdir -p /${USER// /_}.rvm
    sudo chown -R \"$USER:\" /${USER// /_}.rvm
    echo \"export rvm_path=/${USER// /_}.rvm\" >> \"$HOME/.rvmrc\"
and start installing again.
"
      exit 2
    ;;
    (/usr/share/ruby-rvm)
      printf "%b" "
It looks you are one of the happy Ubuntu users,
RVM packaged by Ubuntu is old and broken,
follow this link for details how to fix:
  https://stackoverflow.com/a/9056395/497756
"
      [[ "${rvm_uses_broken_ubuntu_path:-no}" == "yes" ]] || exit 3
    ;;
  esac
 
  if [[ "$rvm_path" != "/"* ]]
  then fail "The rvm install path must be fully qualified. Tried $rvm_path"
  fi
}
 
rvm_install_validate_volume_mount_mode()
{
  \typeset path partition test_exec
 
  path=$rvm_path
 
  # Directory $rvm_path might not exists at this point so we need to traverse the tree upwards
  while [[ -n "$path" ]]
  do
      if [[ -d $path ]]
      then
        partition=`df -P $path | awk 'END{print $1}'`
 
        test_exec=$(mktemp $path/rvm-exec-test.XXXXXX)
        echo '#!/bin/sh' > "$test_exec"
        chmod +x "$test_exec"
 
        if ! "$test_exec"
        then
          rm -f "$test_exec"
          printf "%b" "
It looks that scripts located in ${path}, which would be RVM destination ${rvm_path},
are not executable. One of the reasons might be that partition ${partition} holding this location
is mounted in *noexec* mode, which prevents RVM from working correctly. Please verify your setup
and re-mount partition ${partition} without the noexec option."
          exit 2
        fi
 
        rm -f "$test_exec"
        break
      fi
 
      path=${path%/*}
  done
}
 
rvm_install_select_and_get_version()
{
  typeset dir _version_release _version
 
  for dir in "$rvm_src_path" "$rvm_archives_path"
  do
    [[ -d "$dir" ]] || mkdir -p "$dir"
  done
 
  _version_release="${version}"
  case "${version}" in
    (head)
      _version_release="${branch}"
      install_head sources[@] ${branch:-master}
      ;;
 
    (latest)
      _version=$(fetch_version sources[@])
      install_release sources[@] "$_version"
      ;;
 
    (latest-minor)
      version="$(<"$rvm_path/VERSION")"
      _version=$(fetch_version sources[@] ${version%.*})
      install_release sources[@] "$_version"
      ;;
 
    (latest-*)
      _version=$(fetch_version sources[@] ${version#latest-})
      install_release sources[@] "$_version"
      ;;
 
    (+([[:digit:]]).+([[:digit:]]).+([[:digit:]])) # x.y.z
      install_release sources[@] ${version}
      ;;
 
    (*)
      fail "Something went wrong, unrecognized version '$version'"
      ;;
  esac
  echo "${_version_release}" > "$rvm_path/RELEASE"
}
 
rvm_install_main()
{
  [[ -f ./scripts/install ]] ||
  {
    log "'./scripts/install' can not be found for installation, something went wrong, it usually means your 'tar' is broken, please report it here: https://github.com/rvm/rvm/issues"
    return 127
  }
 
  # required flag - path to install
  flags+=( --path "$rvm_path" )
  \command bash "${flags[@]}"
}
 
rvm_install_ruby_and_gems()
(
  if
    (( ${#install_rubies[@]} > 0 ))
  then
    source ${rvm_scripts_path:-${rvm_path}/scripts}/rvm
    source ${rvm_scripts_path:-${rvm_path}/scripts}/functions/version
    __rvm_print_headline
 
    for _ruby in ${install_rubies[@]}
    do command rvm "${forwarded_flags[@]}" install ${_ruby}
    done
    # set the first one as default, skip rest
    for _ruby in ${install_rubies[@]}
    do
      rvm "${forwarded_flags[@]}" alias create default ${_ruby}
      break
    done
 
    for _gem in ${install_gems[@]}
    do rvm "${forwarded_flags[@]}" all do gem install ${_gem}
    done
 
    printf "%b" "
  * To start using RVM you need to run \`source $rvm_path/scripts/rvm\`
    in all your open shell windows, in rare cases you need to reopen all shell windows.
"
 
    if
      [[ "${install_gems[*]}" == *"rails"* ]]
    then
      printf "%b" "
  * To start using rails you need to run \`rails new \`.
"
    fi
  fi
)
 
rvm_install()
{
  rvm_install_initialize
  rvm_install_commands_setup
  rvm_install_default_settings
  rvm_install_parse_params "$@"
  rvm_install_validate_rvm_path
  rvm_install_validate_volume_mount_mode
  rvm_install_select_and_get_version
  rvm_install_main
  rvm_install_ruby_and_gems
}
 
rvm_install "$@"

给个权限
chmod +x abc.sh
执行此脚本
./abc.sh
如出现此图片,说明成功
linux下redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置_第5张图片
执行环境变量
source /etc/profile.d/rvm.sh
列出ruby可以安装的版本
rvm list known
安装Ruby2.4.1版本
rvm install 2.4.1
使用Ruby2.4.1版本
rvm use 2.4.1
再次安装Redis
gem install redis

4. 创建集群

在node1, node2上分别增加一个 端口:
进入 etc/redis 目录,并复制一个配置文件为 6380.conf
cd /etc/redis
cp 6379.conf 6380.conf
修改此 6380.conf的配置中的端口为 6380
port 6380

在创建集群前,请确保4个节点的redisd 服务都是打开的 .
service redisd start
另外两个新增的端口须单独启动redis进程
node1和node2上面的redis安装在了 /opt/redis-5.0.7下,所以进入到这个目录的src下,运行
./redis-server /etc/redis/6380.conf &
在node2节点上
cd /usr/local/src/redis-4.0.6/src
执行创建命令(ip和端口根据自己的填)
./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.101.200:6379 192.168.101.201:6379 192.168.101.202:6379 192.168.101.203:6379 192.168.101.200:6380 192.168.101.201:6380
可能因为版本问题会有以下问题:
linux下redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置_第6张图片
就使用它给我们的命令执行,效果图如下:
linux下redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置_第7张图片
linux下redis集群( 缓存集群 )的安装配置_第8张图片

5. 使用客户端测试

redis-cli -c -h 192.168.101.200 一定要加 -c 参数,表示集群
[root@node2 src]# redis-cli -c -h 192.168.101.200
192.168.101.200:6379> set a 1
-> Redirected to slot [15495] located at 192.168.101.202:6379
OK 槽 数据保存到 202节点了(分片起作用了)
192.168.101.202:6379> set b 2
-> Redirected to slot [3300] located at 192.168.101.200:6379
OK
192.168.101.200:6379> set c 3
-> Redirected to slot [7365] located at 192.168.101.201:6379
OK
192.168.101.201:6379> set d 4
-> Redirected to slot [11298] located at 192.168.101.202:6379
OK

到这里redis集群安装配置完成,再贴一张我的集群信息的拓扑图:
在这里插入图片描述

6. 槽位的作用:

数据的分配是按照槽位来进行分配的,每一个数据的键被哈希函数映射到一个槽位,redis-3.0.0规定一共有16384个槽位,当然这个可以根据用户的喜好进行配置。当用户put或者是get一个数据的时候,首先会查找这个数据对应的槽位是多少,然后查找对应的节点,然后才把数据放入这个节点。这样就做到了把数据均匀的分配到集群中的每一个节点上,从而做到了每一个节点的负载均衡,充分发挥了集群的威力。

扩展练习

增加,删除节点,来查看一致性hash算法
链接: https://www.cnblogs.com/hello-tl/p/7808268.html.

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