CentOs7.5系统IP配置、关闭防火墙和selinux、光盘开机自动挂载、配置本地YUM源、实验快照
一，IP配置
[root@JhouShuai ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 192.168.31.60 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.31.255
inet6 fe80::65f:d191:42e:38aa prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 00:0c:29:26:6c:fc txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 2351 bytes 145794 (142.3 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 104 bytes 10418 (10.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
第一行：up-->网卡开启状态
RUNNING-->网线处理连接状态
MULTICAST-->支持组播
mtu 1500-->（Maximum Transmission Unit）最大传输单元大小为1500字节
第二行：该网卡的IP地址，子网掩码，广播地址
第三行：IPV6的配置信息
第四行：网卡的MAC地址
ether表示连接类型为以太网
txqueuelen 1000 --》传输队列的长度
第五六行：网卡接收数据包的统计信息和接收错误的统计信息
第七八行：网卡发送数据包的统计信息和发送错误的统计信息
临时修改IP地址
方法1：临时修改网卡IP地址
ifconfig 网卡名称 IP地址 ---直接修改网卡的IP地址，重启失效
方法2： 添加多个临时IP地址
ifconfig 网卡名称:0 第一个IP地址 （netmask 子网掩码） ---增加一个IP
ifconfig 网卡名称:1 第二个IP地址 （netmask 子网掩码） ---增加一个IP
通过修改网卡配置文件改IP地址
[root@JhouShuai ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
TYPE="Ethernet" #接口类型；常见有的Ethernet, Bridge
PROXY_METHOD="none"
BROWSER_ONLY="no"
BOOTPROTO="none" #static：静态IP、DHCP：动态IP、none：表示不指定，就是静态。
DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6INIT="yes"
IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
NAME="ens33"
UUID="32548ced-2b94-4cc8-8d13-197fe97f5831" #设备的惟一标识
DEVICE="ens33" #此配置文件应用到的设备
ONBOOT="yes" #在系统引导时是否激活此设备 ：yes
IPADDR="192.168.31.60" #IP地址
PREFIX="24" #掩码长度 24位：255.255.255.0
GATEWAY="192.168.31.1" #默认网关
DNS1="192.168.31.1" #DNS
IPV6_PRIVACY="no"
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
[root@JhouShuai ~]# systemctl restart network.service
[root@JhouShuai ~]# systemctl status network.service
● network.service - LSB: Bring up/down networking
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/network; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (exited) since 六 2019-02-23 13:14:46 CST; 16s ago
Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
Process: 3433 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 3604 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/network start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
[root@JhouShuai ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.a.shifen.com (180.97.33.107) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107 (180.97.33.107): icmp_seq=1 ttl=54 time=34.8 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107 (180.97.33.107): icmp_seq=2 ttl=54 time=33.5 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107 (180.97.33.107): icmp_seq=3 ttl=54 time=36.1 ms
64 bytes from 180.97.33.107 (180.97.33.107): icmp_seq=4 ttl=54 time=33.3 ms
^C
--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3004ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 33.311/34.478/36.151/1.145 ms
[root@JhouShuai ~]#
[root@JhouShuai ~]# ifconfig
网络配置
查看IP
二，关闭防火墙并设置开机自动关闭
[root@JhouShuai ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service #查看服务运行状态
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since 六 2019-02-23 12:42:38 CST; 41min ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Main PID: 795 (firewalld)
Tasks: 2
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─795 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopi...
2月 23 12:42:36 JhouShuai systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic fir....
2月 23 12:42:38 JhouShuai systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic fire....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@JhouShuai ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭当前
[root@JhouShuai ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service #查看服务运行状态
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since 六 2019-02-23 13:25:58 CST; 8s ago
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
Process: 795 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid $FIREWALLD_ARGS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 795 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
2月 23 12:42:36 JhouShuai systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic fir....
2月 23 12:42:38 JhouShuai systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic fire....
2月 23 13:25:57 JhouShuai systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic fir....
2月 23 13:25:58 JhouShuai systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic fire....
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@JhouShuai ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #开机自动关闭
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@JhouShuai ~]#
[root@JhouShuai ~]# reboot #重启系统生效
三、关闭selinux并设置开机自动关闭
[root@JhouShuai ~]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@JhouShuai ~]# setenforce 0 #临时关闭
[root@JhouShuai ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@JhouShuai ~]#
#开机自动关闭：
[root@JhouShuai ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=enforcing #删除enforcing，改为disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
[root@JhouShuai ~]# reboot #重启系统生效
root@JhouShuai ~]# getenforce
Disabled
删除enforcing，改为disabled
四、设置系统光盘开机自动挂载
linux中一切皆文件
/dev/cdrom，/dev/sr0 光驱的设备名
[root@JhouShuai ~]# echo "/dev/sr0 /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
[root@JhouShuai ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Feb 21 00:28:07 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=91733de7-9339-4f8c-bb3a-92a2aac9463d / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=b7c20cc2-17ab-4d5a-9b4d-7c8b037e3ac4 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=46a5b91f-a2e0-4296-8bcd-c6db48943ab8 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sr0 /mnt iso9660 defaults 0 0
~
~
[root@JhouShuai ~]# mount -a
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@JhouShuai ~]# df -h #查看挂载情况
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 10G 4.6G 5.5G 46% /
devtmpfs 976M 0 976M 0% /dev
tmpfs 992M 0 992M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 992M 11M 981M 2% /run
tmpfs 992M 0 992M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 148M 350M 30% /boot
tmpfs 199M 24K 199M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 4.2G 4.2G 0 100% /mnt
[root@JhouShuai ~]# ls /mnt/ #可以查看到此目录下有内容，说明挂载成功
CentOS_BuildTag GPL LiveOS RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
EFI images Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EULA isolinux repodata TRANS.TBL
五、配置本地YUM源
什么是yum
Yum****（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及CentOS中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基于RPM包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
YUM的配置文件
yum****的一切配置信息都储存在一个叫yum.repos.d目录的配置文件中，通常位于/etc目 录下，这是整个yum系统的重中之重
创建文件 文件的格式 必须是.repo结尾
[root@JhouShuai ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@JhouShuai ~]#
Centos7已经自动配好了网络yum源
[root@JhouShuai ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
网络yum源
配置本地YUM源
[root@JhouShuai ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@JhouShuai yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[root@JhouShuai yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7.repo
[CentOS7-source] #yum的ID，必须唯一
name=CentOS7-server #描述信息
baseurl=file:///mnt # /mnt表示的是光盘的挂载点 . file:后面有3个///
enabled=1 #启用
gpgcheck=0 #取消验证
[root@JhouShuai yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
CentOS7-source | 3.6 kB 00:00
(1/2): CentOS7-source/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00
(2/2): CentOS7-source/primary_db | 3.1 MB 00:00
源标识 源名称 状态
CentOS7-source CentOS7-server 3,971
repolist: 3,971
[root@JhouShuai yum.repos.d]#
[root@JhouShuai yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
源标识 源名称 状态
CentOS7-source CentOS7-server 3,971
repolist: 3,971
[root@JhouShuai yum.repos.d]# yum clean all #清空yum缓存
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
正在清理软件源： CentOS7-source
Cleaning up everything
Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@JhouShuai yum.repos.d]# yum list #生成缓存列表
本地源
六、创建可用实验快照
虚拟机----》快照----》拍摄快照----》自定义快照名如“可用实验快照”
拍摄快照
拍摄快照
快照
七、硬件：
中央处理器、内存、芯片组、I/O总线、I/O设备、电源、机箱和相关软件等。