1.首先看Timer源码：
public class Timer {
private final TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();
private final TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);
public Timer() {
this("Timer-" + serialNumber());
}
public Timer(String name) {
thread.setName(name);
thread.start();
}
private void sched(TimerTask task, long time, long period) {
if (time < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal execution time.");
// Constrain value of period sufficiently to prevent numeric
// overflow while still being effectively infinitely large.
if (Math.abs(period) > (Long.MAX_VALUE >> 1))
period >>= 1;
synchronized(queue) {
if (!thread.newTasksMayBeScheduled)
throw new IllegalStateException("Timer already cancelled.");
synchronized(task.lock) {
if (task.state != TimerTask.VIRGIN)
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Task already scheduled or cancelled");
task.nextExecutionTime = time;
task.period = period;
task.state = TimerTask.SCHEDULED;
}
queue.add(task);
if (queue.getMin() == task)
queue.notify();
}
}
}
这里贴出来的是主要的代码部分，Timer里有两个成员变量
private final TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();
private final TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);
2.TaskQueue的源码如下：
class TaskQueue {
private TimerTask[] queue = new TimerTask[128];
private int size = 0;
int size() {
return size;
}
void add(TimerTask task) {
// Grow backing store if necessary
if (size + 1 == queue.length)
queue = Arrays.copyOf(queue, 2*queue.length);
queue[++size] = task;
fixUp(size);
}
TimerTask getMin() {
return queue[1];
}
TimerTask get(int i) {
return queue[i];
}
void removeMin() {
queue[1] = queue[size];
queue[size--] = null; // Drop extra reference to prevent memory leak
fixDown(1);
}
void quickRemove(int i) {
assert i <= size;
queue[i] = queue[size];
queue[size--] = null; // Drop extra ref to prevent memory leak
}
void rescheduleMin(long newTime) {
queue[1].nextExecutionTime = newTime;
fixDown(1);
}
boolean isEmpty() {
return size==0;
}
void clear() {
// Null out task references to prevent memory leak
for (int i=1; i<=size; i++)
queue[i] = null;
size = 0;
}
private void fixUp(int k) {
while (k > 1) {
int j = k >> 1;
if (queue[j].nextExecutionTime <= queue[k].nextExecutionTime)
break;
TimerTask tmp = queue[j]; queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
k = j;
}
}
private void fixDown(int k) {
int j;
while ((j = k << 1) <= size && j > 0) {
if (j < size &&
queue[j].nextExecutionTime > queue[j+1].nextExecutionTime)
j++; // j indexes smallest kid
if (queue[k].nextExecutionTime <= queue[j].nextExecutionTime)
break;
TimerTask tmp = queue[j]; queue[j] = queue[k]; queue[k] = tmp;
k = j;
}
}
void heapify() {
for (int i = size/2; i >= 1; i--)
fixDown(i);
}
}
TaskQueue有个变量为TimerTask的数组，它存放了所有添加进来的任务。而且将即将要执行的任务放到index为1的位置，而且每次条用add方法添加任务的时候都会对数组的排列顺序进行一次调整。而TimerTask是一个实现了Runnable接口的类。
3.TimerThread的源码：
class TimerThread extends Thread {
boolean newTasksMayBeScheduled = true;
private TaskQueue queue;
TimerThread(TaskQueue queue) {
this.queue = queue;
}
public void run() {
try {
mainLoop();
} finally {
// Someone killed this Thread, behave as if Timer cancelled
synchronized(queue) {
newTasksMayBeScheduled = false;
queue.clear(); // Eliminate obsolete references
}
}
}
private void mainLoop() {
while (true) {
try {
TimerTask task;
boolean taskFired;
synchronized(queue) {
// Wait for queue to become non-empty
while (queue.isEmpty() && newTasksMayBeScheduled)
queue.wait();
if (queue.isEmpty())
break; // Queue is empty and will forever remain; die
// Queue nonempty; look at first evt and do the right thing
long currentTime, executionTime;
task = queue.getMin();
synchronized(task.lock) {
if (task.state == TimerTask.CANCELLED) {
queue.removeMin();
continue; // No action required, poll queue again
}
currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
executionTime = task.nextExecutionTime;
if (taskFired = (executionTime<=currentTime)) {
if (task.period == 0) { // Non-repeating, remove
queue.removeMin();
task.state = TimerTask.EXECUTED;
} else { // Repeating task, reschedule
queue.rescheduleMin(
task.period<0 ? currentTime - task.period
: executionTime + task.period);
}
}
}
if (!taskFired) // Task hasn't yet fired; wait
queue.wait(executionTime - currentTime);
}
if (taskFired) // Task fired; run it, holding no locks
task.run();
} catch(InterruptedException e) {
}
}
}
}
这是个继承了Thread的线程类。主要的方法是mainLoop，循环检查是否有任务到了执行的时间，如果有就调用task的run方法进行执行。
4.所以总体的流程就是，创建一个Timer对象，然后把需要执行的任务封装到一个TimeTask对象里，添加到Timer的任务列表里（TaskQueue，一个TimeTask数组）。因为Timer里有一个成员变量TimerThreed，一个线程类，Timer在创建的时候就会使此线程运行，TimerThreed里一个死循环的代码段，此代码段不断的检查任务数组中是否有需要执行的任务，如果有就执行任务的run方法来完成任务的调用。
5.因为此实现是单线程负责任务的调度，所有会出现任务阻塞，延迟，甚至一个任务异常会影响全部任务的执行。