[完]Python 安装setuptools，解决使用Matplotlib遇到的问题

准备工作

1.安装python
2.安装numpy
3.设置python环境变量，系统环境变量PATH后添加C:\Python27;C:\Python27\Scripts

安装setuptools

使用ez_setup.py自动安装，将此页末尾代码保存为“ez_setup.py”文件，双击自动完成安装。执行easy_install命令，出现下面结果，表示正确安装，出现问题的话，关闭当前打开的CMD窗口，重新打开再输入命令。

C:\Users\Admin>easy_install
error: No urls, filenames, or requirements specified (see --help)

解决使用Matplotlib遇到的问题

问题：

>>> import matplotlib
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "", line 1, in 
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\matplotlib\__init__.py", line 110, in <mod
ule>
    raise ImportError("matplotlib requires dateutil")
ImportError: matplotlib requires dateutil

解决方法，使用已经安装的setuptools，执行easy_install命令，安装python-dateutil和pyparsing：

C:\Users\Admin>easy_install python-dateutil
C:\Users\Admin>easy_install pyparsing

ez_setup.py的代码：

#!python
"""Bootstrap setuptools installation

If you want to use setuptools in your package's setup.py, just include this
file in the same directory with it, and add this to the top of your setup.py::

    from ez_setup import use_setuptools
    use_setuptools()

If you want to require a specific version of setuptools, set a download
mirror, or use an alternate download directory, you can do so by supplying
the appropriate options to ``use_setuptools()``.

This file can also be run as a script to install or upgrade setuptools.
"""
import sys
DEFAULT_VERSION = "0.6c11"
DEFAULT_URL     = "http://pypi.python.org/packages/%s/s/setuptools/" % sys.version[:3]

md5_data = {
    'setuptools-0.6b1-py2.3.egg': '8822caf901250d848b996b7f25c6e6ca',
    'setuptools-0.6b1-py2.4.egg': 'b79a8a403e4502fbb85ee3f1941735cb',
    'setuptools-0.6b2-py2.3.egg': '5657759d8a6d8fc44070a9d07272d99b',
    'setuptools-0.6b2-py2.4.egg': '4996a8d169d2be661fa32a6e52e4f82a',
    'setuptools-0.6b3-py2.3.egg': 'bb31c0fc7399a63579975cad9f5a0618',
    'setuptools-0.6b3-py2.4.egg': '38a8c6b3d6ecd22247f179f7da669fac',
    'setuptools-0.6b4-py2.3.egg': '62045a24ed4e1ebc77fe039aa4e6f7e5',
    'setuptools-0.6b4-py2.4.egg': '4cb2a185d228dacffb2d17f103b3b1c4',
    'setuptools-0.6c1-py2.3.egg': 'b3f2b5539d65cb7f74ad79127f1a908c',
    'setuptools-0.6c1-py2.4.egg': 'b45adeda0667d2d2ffe14009364f2a4b',
    'setuptools-0.6c10-py2.3.egg': 'ce1e2ab5d3a0256456d9fc13800a7090',
    'setuptools-0.6c10-py2.4.egg': '57d6d9d6e9b80772c59a53a8433a5dd4',
    'setuptools-0.6c10-py2.5.egg': 'de46ac8b1c97c895572e5e8596aeb8c7',
    'setuptools-0.6c10-py2.6.egg': '58ea40aef06da02ce641495523a0b7f5',
    'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.3.egg': '2baeac6e13d414a9d28e7ba5b5a596de',
    'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.4.egg': 'bd639f9b0eac4c42497034dec2ec0c2b',
    'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.5.egg': '64c94f3bf7a72a13ec83e0b24f2749b2',
    'setuptools-0.6c11-py2.6.egg': 'bfa92100bd772d5a213eedd356d64086',
    'setuptools-0.6c2-py2.3.egg': 'f0064bf6aa2b7d0f3ba0b43f20817c27',
    'setuptools-0.6c2-py2.4.egg': '616192eec35f47e8ea16cd6a122b7277',
    'setuptools-0.6c3-py2.3.egg': 'f181fa125dfe85a259c9cd6f1d7b78fa',
    'setuptools-0.6c3-py2.4.egg': 'e0ed74682c998bfb73bf803a50e7b71e',
    'setuptools-0.6c3-py2.5.egg': 'abef16fdd61955514841c7c6bd98965e',
    'setuptools-0.6c4-py2.3.egg': 'b0b9131acab32022bfac7f44c5d7971f',
    'setuptools-0.6c4-py2.4.egg': '2a1f9656d4fbf3c97bf946c0a124e6e2',
    'setuptools-0.6c4-py2.5.egg': '8f5a052e32cdb9c72bcf4b5526f28afc',
    'setuptools-0.6c5-py2.3.egg': 'ee9fd80965da04f2f3e6b3576e9d8167',
    'setuptools-0.6c5-py2.4.egg': 'afe2adf1c01701ee841761f5bcd8aa64',
    'setuptools-0.6c5-py2.5.egg': 'a8d3f61494ccaa8714dfed37bccd3d5d',
    'setuptools-0.6c6-py2.3.egg': '35686b78116a668847237b69d549ec20',
    'setuptools-0.6c6-py2.4.egg': '3c56af57be3225019260a644430065ab',
    'setuptools-0.6c6-py2.5.egg': 'b2f8a7520709a5b34f80946de5f02f53',
    'setuptools-0.6c7-py2.3.egg': '209fdf9adc3a615e5115b725658e13e2',
    'setuptools-0.6c7-py2.4.egg': '5a8f954807d46a0fb67cf1f26c55a82e',
    'setuptools-0.6c7-py2.5.egg': '45d2ad28f9750e7434111fde831e8372',
    'setuptools-0.6c8-py2.3.egg': '50759d29b349db8cfd807ba8303f1902',
    'setuptools-0.6c8-py2.4.egg': 'cba38d74f7d483c06e9daa6070cce6de',
    'setuptools-0.6c8-py2.5.egg': '1721747ee329dc150590a58b3e1ac95b',
    'setuptools-0.6c9-py2.3.egg': 'a83c4020414807b496e4cfbe08507c03',
    'setuptools-0.6c9-py2.4.egg': '260a2be2e5388d66bdaee06abec6342a',
    'setuptools-0.6c9-py2.5.egg': 'fe67c3e5a17b12c0e7c541b7ea43a8e6',
    'setuptools-0.6c9-py2.6.egg': 'ca37b1ff16fa2ede6e19383e7b59245a',
}

import sys, os
try: from hashlib import md5
except ImportError: from md5 import md5

def _validate_md5(egg_name, data):
    if egg_name in md5_data:
        digest = md5(data).hexdigest()
        if digest != md5_data[egg_name]:
            print >>sys.stderr, (
                "md5 validation of %s failed!  (Possible download problem?)"
                % egg_name
            )
            sys.exit(2)
    return data

def use_setuptools(
    version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=os.curdir,
    download_delay=15
):
    """Automatically find/download setuptools and make it available on sys.path

    `version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available
    as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end with
    a '/').  `to_dir` is the directory where setuptools will be downloaded, if
    it is not already available.  If `download_delay` is specified, it should
    be the number of seconds that will be paused before initiating a download,
    should one be required.  If an older version of setuptools is installed,
    this routine will print a message to ``sys.stderr`` and raise SystemExit in
    an attempt to abort the calling script.
    """
    was_imported = 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules or 'setuptools' in sys.modules
    def do_download():
        egg = download_setuptools(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)
        sys.path.insert(0, egg)
        import setuptools; setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = egg
    try:
        import pkg_resources
    except ImportError:
        return do_download()       
    try:
        pkg_resources.require("setuptools>="+version); return
    except pkg_resources.VersionConflict, e:
        if was_imported:
            print >>sys.stderr, (
            "The required version of setuptools (>=%s) is not available, and\n"
            "can't be installed while this script is running. Please install\n"
            " a more recent version first, using 'easy_install -U setuptools'."
            "\n\n(Currently using %r)"
            ) % (version, e.args[0])
            sys.exit(2)
    except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:
        pass

    del pkg_resources, sys.modules['pkg_resources']    # reload ok
    return do_download()

def download_setuptools(
    version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL, to_dir=os.curdir,
    delay = 15
):
    """Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename

    `version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available
    as an egg for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end
    with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.
    `delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download attempt.
    """
    import urllib2, shutil
    egg_name = "setuptools-%s-py%s.egg" % (version,sys.version[:3])
    url = download_base + egg_name
    saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, egg_name)
    src = dst = None
    if not os.path.exists(saveto):  # Avoid repeated downloads
        try:
            from distutils import log
            if delay:
                log.warn("""
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This script requires setuptools version %s to run (even to display
help).  I will attempt to download it for you (from
%s), but
you may need to enable firewall access for this script first.
I will start the download in %d seconds.

(Note: if this machine does not have network access, please obtain the file

   %s

and place it in this directory before rerunning this script.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------""",
                    version, download_base, delay, url
                ); from time import sleep; sleep(delay)
            log.warn("Downloading %s", url)
            src = urllib2.urlopen(url)
            # Read/write all in one block, so we don't create a corrupt file
            # if the download is interrupted.
            data = _validate_md5(egg_name, src.read())
            dst = open(saveto,"wb"); dst.write(data)
        finally:
            if src: src.close()
            if dst: dst.close()
    return os.path.realpath(saveto)

def main(argv, version=DEFAULT_VERSION):
    """Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall"""
    try:
        import setuptools
    except ImportError:
        egg = None
        try:
            egg = download_setuptools(version, delay=0)
            sys.path.insert(0,egg)
            from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
            return main(list(argv)+[egg])   # we're done here
        finally:
            if egg and os.path.exists(egg):
                os.unlink(egg)
    else:
        if setuptools.__version__ == '0.0.1':
            print >>sys.stderr, (
            "You have an obsolete version of setuptools installed.  Please\n"
            "remove it from your system entirely before rerunning this script."
            )
            sys.exit(2)

    req = "setuptools>="+version
    import pkg_resources
    try:
        pkg_resources.require(req)
    except pkg_resources.VersionConflict:
        try:
            from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
        except ImportError:
            from easy_install import main
        main(list(argv)+[download_setuptools(delay=0)])
        sys.exit(0) # try to force an exit
    else:
        if argv:
            from setuptools.command.easy_install import main
            main(argv)
        else:
            print "Setuptools version",version,"or greater has been installed."
            print '(Run "ez_setup.py -U setuptools" to reinstall or upgrade.)'

def update_md5(filenames):
    """Update our built-in md5 registry"""

    import re

    for name in filenames:
        base = os.path.basename(name)
        f = open(name,'rb')
        md5_data[base] = md5(f.read()).hexdigest()
        f.close()

    data = ["    %r: %r,\n" % it for it in md5_data.items()]
    data.sort()
    repl = "".join(data)

    import inspect
    srcfile = inspect.getsourcefile(sys.modules[__name__])
    f = open(srcfile, 'rb'); src = f.read(); f.close()

    match = re.search("\nmd5_data = {\n([^}]+)}", src)
    if not match:
        print >>sys.stderr, "Internal error!"
        sys.exit(2)

    src = src[:match.start(1)] + repl + src[match.end(1):]
    f = open(srcfile,'w')
    f.write(src)
    f.close()


if __name__=='__main__':
    if len(sys.argv)>2 and sys.argv[1]=='--md5update':
        update_md5(sys.argv[2:])
    else:
        main(sys.argv[1:])