[mybatis学习01]——入门

1.mybatis学习01

1.1.简介

MyBatis 是一款持久层框架。半自动化的ORM框架。

持久化是将程序数据在持久状态和瞬时状态间转换的机制。通俗的讲,就是瞬时数据(比如内存中的数据,是不能永久保存的)持久化为持久数据(比如持久化至数据库中,能够长久保存)。


1.2. 入门

1.2.1. 环境搭建并初步测试的步骤

  1. 导入jar包:导入mybatis的jar包和mysql驱动
  2. 创建mybatis的配置文件(mybaits-config.xml)
  3. 根据数据库中的表字段创建实体类(例如User.java)
  4. 编写dao层
    • 创建dao层的接口(例如UserMapper.java)
    • 创建dao层接口的映射文件(例如:UserMapper.xml)
  5. 创建测试类,并测试(例如:UserTest.java)


项目结构

[mybatis学习01]——入门_第1张图片



所有jar包

[mybatis学习01]——入门_第2张图片



数据库

create database dbtest;
CREATE TABLE `dbtest`.`user` (
  `id` INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` VARCHAR(45) NULL,
  `password` VARCHAR(20) NULL,
  `age` INT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

INSERT INTO `dbtest`.`user` (`id`, `username`, `password`, `age`) VALUES ('1', '喜羊羊', '111111', '17');
INSERT INTO `dbtest`.`user` (`id`, `username`, `password`, `age`) VALUES ('2', '懒羊羊', '222222', '18');
INSERT INTO `dbtest`.`user` (`id`, `username`, `password`, `age`) VALUES ('3', '灰太狼', '333333', '25');


详细过程

  1. 创建mybatis的配置文件

    mybatis-config.xml

    
    
    
    
    <configuration>
    	
    	<properties resource="database.properties"/>
    	
    	
    	<environments default="development">
    		<environment id="development">
    			
          		<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
          		
          		
          		<dataSource type="POOLED">
            		<property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
            		<property name="url" value="${url}"/>
            		<property name="username" value="${username}"/>
            		<property name="password" value="${password}"/>
          		dataSource>
        	environment>
    	environments>
    
    	
    	<mappers>
        	<mapper resource="com/dao/UserMapper.xml"/>
    	mappers>
    configuration>
    

    数据库的配置文件

    database.properties

    driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/dbtest?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
    username=root
    password=123456
    

    根据自己的数据库进行配置


    日志文件

    log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,CONSOLE,file
    #log4j.rootLogger=ERROR,ROLLING_FILE
    log4j.logger.cn.smbms.dao=debug
    log4j.logger.com.ibatis=debug 
    log4j.logger.com.ibatis.common.jdbc.SimpleDataSource=debug 
    log4j.logger.com.ibatis.common.jdbc.ScriptRunner=debug 
    log4j.logger.com.ibatis.sqlmap.engine.impl.SqlMapClientDelegate=debug 
    log4j.logger.java.sql.Connection=debug 
    log4j.logger.java.sql.Statement=debug 
    log4j.logger.java.sql.PreparedStatement=debug 
    log4j.logger.java.sql.ResultSet=debug 
    log4j.logger.org.tuckey.web.filters.urlrewrite.UrlRewriteFilter=debug
    
    ######################################################################################
    # Console Appender  \u65e5\u5fd7\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u51fa\u914d\u7f6e
    ######################################################################################
    log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
    log4j.appender.Threshold=error
    log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out
    log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern= [%p] %d %c - %m%n
    
    
    ######################################################################################
    # DailyRolling File  \u6bcf\u5929\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u683c\u5f0f:log2009-09-11
    ######################################################################################
    log4j.appender.file=org.apache.log4j.DailyRollingFileAppender
    log4j.appender.file.DatePattern=yyyy-MM-dd
    log4j.appender.file.File=log.log
    log4j.appender.file.Append=true
    log4j.appender.file.Threshold=error
    log4j.appender.file.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
    log4j.appender.file.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{yyyy-M-d HH:mm:ss}%x[%5p](%F:%L) %m%n
    
    
    log4j.logger.com.opensymphony.xwork2=error  
    

  1. 根据数据库编写实体类

    User.java

    package com.pojo;
    /**
     * 用户类
     * @author 12505
     *
     */
    public class User {
    	
    	private int id;//id
    	private String username;//用户名
    	private String password;//用户密码
    	private int age;//用户年龄
    	
    	//getter 和setter方法
    	public int getId() {
    		return id;
    	}
    	public void setId(int id) {
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    	public String getUsername() {
    		return username;
    	}
    	public void setUsername(String username) {
    		this.username = username;
    	}
    	public String getPassword() {
    		return password;
    	}
    	public void setPassword(String password) {
    		this.password = password;
    	}
    	public int getAge() {
    		return age;
    	}
    	public void setAge(int age) {
    		this.age = age;
    	}
    	
    	@Override
    	public String toString() {
    		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    		return "	ID:"+this.id+
    			   "	用户名:"+this.username+
    			   "	密码:"+this.password+
    			   "	年龄:"+this.age;
    	}	
    }
    
    

  1. 编写dao层
    • 创建dao层的接口

      UserMapper.java

      package com.dao;
      import java.util.List;
      import com.pojo.User;
      public interface UserMapper {
      	/**
      	 * 查询所有用户信息
      	 * @return 返回一个包含用户的列表
      	 */
      	public List<User> selectAllUser();
      	
      }
      
    • 创建dao层接口的映射文件

      UserMapper.xml

      
      
      
      
      <mapper namespace="com.dao.UserMapper">
      	
      	<select id="selectAllUser" resultType="com.pojo.User">
      		select * from user
      	select>
      mapper>
      

      ​ 这个配置文件的基本语义是:在命名空间 com.dao.UserMapper 中定义了一个名为 selectAllUser 的映射语句。

      有了这个映射语句就可以使用全限定名com.dao.UserMapper.selectAllUser来调用这个映射语句:

      List<User> users1=  sqlSession.selectOne("com.dao.UserMapper.selectAllUser");
      

      你又可以通过下面的方法:

      UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
      List<User> users = mapper.selectAllUser();
      

      第二种方法有很多优势,它不依赖于字符串字面值,会更安全一点。


  1. 创建测试类

    UserTest.java

    package com.test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import com.dao.UserMapper;
    import com.pojo.User;
    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
    public class UserTest {
    	
    	private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserTest.class);
    	@Test
    	public  void selectAllTest(){
    		String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
    		InputStream inputStream = null;
    		try {
    			inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
    		} catch (IOException e) {
    			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		
    		//①创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
    		SqlSessionFactoryBuilder factoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
    		
    		//②创建SqlSessionFactory
    		SqlSessionFactory  sqlSessionFactory= factoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
    		
    		//③创建SqlSession
    		SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    		
    		//④创建Mapper
    		UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    		
    		//执行sql语句
    		List<User> users = mapper.selectAllUser();
    		
    		//遍历所有用户
    		for(User user:users){
    			logger.debug(user);
    		}
    		
    	}
    }
    

    通过该测试类可知,mybatis操作步骤如下:

    • ①创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
    • ②创建SqlSessionFactory:SqlSessionFactoryBuilder通过配置文件创建SqlSessionFactory
    • ③创建SqlSession
    • ④创建Mapper
    • 执行Sql语句

  1. 改善

    由于SqlSessionFactoryBuilder在项目中一般只使用一次(即通过它创建一个SqlSessionFactory),它的使命就结束了。并且SqlSession也是可以公用,只创建一个就可以了。因此, 可以将它们编写在一个工具类中, 如下:

    MyBatisUtil.java

    package com.test;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
    import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
    import org.junit.Test;
    import com.dao.UserMapper;
    import com.pojo.User;
    import com.util.MyBatisUtil;
    
    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
    public class UserTest {
    	
    	private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(UserTest.class);
    	@Test
    	public  void selectAllTest(){
    		String resource = "mybatis-config.xml";
    		InputStream inputStream = null;
    		try {
    			inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);
    		} catch (IOException e) {
    			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		
    		//①创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder
    		SqlSessionFactoryBuilder factoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
    		
    		//②创建SqlSessionFactory
    		SqlSessionFactory  sqlSessionFactory= factoryBuilder.build(inputStream);
    		
    		//③创建SqlSession
    		SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
    		
    		//④创建Mapper
    		UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    		sqlSession.close();
    		//执行sql语句
    		List<User> users = mapper.selectAllUser();
    		
    		//遍历所有用户
    		for(User user:users){
    			logger.debug(user);
    		}
    		
    		
    	}
    	
    	@Test
    	public void selectAllUsers(){
    		logger.info("===============");
    		SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.createSqlSession();
    		UserMapper mapper = sqlSession.getMapper(UserMapper.class);
    		List<User> users = mapper.selectAllUser();
    		sqlSession.commit();
    		MyBatisUtil.closeSqlSession(sqlSession);
    		for(User user:users){
    			logger.debug(user);
    		}
    		
    	}
    }
    

    以后,需要创建SqlSession,直接调用这个类中的createSqlSession方法就可以了。

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