一个BGP路由器不会把从他的IBGP对等体学来的路由发送给EBGP对等体路由,除非IGP(内部网关协议)表中存在这条路由
*路由黑洞:
主动路由黑洞:防止DDoS路由攻击,分布式拒绝攻击
被动路由黑洞:BGP路由设计缺陷
IDLE:路由协议没有学到IP地址,检查IGP表,跳数设置
ACTIVE:在ACTIVE 于IDLE间循环
BGP验证
Neighbor password XXX 源目地址HASH验证
BGP属性四大类
Origin Code :network-i|egp-e|igp-? 代码值i
AS Path 起源
Next-hop下一跳属性
Atomic-Aggregate 原子聚合属性
Local preference 本地优先级。越大越优先
聚合属性
团队属性(community)
Internet
团队号
No-export不能发送给他的EBPG对等体
Local-as 能发送给他的EBPG对等体包括联盟的EBPG
No-advertisement 不能发送给任何EBPG对等体,智能留在本路由器上
MED:越小越优先
Originate-ID 起源id
Class-id。簇id
大量的路径属性会在BGP更新数据包(更新路由)时,传递给邻居BGP路由,自身携带大量的路径属性
路径属性在选路中起到了至关重要的作用
R6(config)#do sho bgp ipv4 unicast 100.1.1.1
BGP routing table entry for 100.1.1.1/32, version 6
Paths: (2 available, best #2, table Default-IP-Routing-Table, RIB-failure(17))
Not advertised to any peer
65001
5.5.5.5 (metric 11) from 5.5.5.5 (5.5.5.5)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal
65001
4.4.4.4 (metric 11) from 4.4.4.4 (4.4.4.4)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
R1(config-router)#clear ip bgp * soft
R1(config)#access-list 1 permit 100.6.6.6
Router-map weight permit 10
//对谁(目标)ACL或前缀列表来匹配路由. 在哪(某个进程) 做什么操作
Match ip adress 1 1=access-list
Set weight 50
Router-map weight permit 20
R1(config)#route-map weight permit 10
R1(config-route-map)#match ip address 1
R1(config-route-map)#set weight 50
R1(config-route-map)#route-map weight permit 20
R1(config)#router bgp 65001
R1(config-router)#neighbor 3.3.3.3 route-map weight in
Local preference在传递数据的过程中携带属性,在本身配置
R3(config-router)#bgp default local-preference 110
R3不传递给R2 IBGP防环AS内防环永远只传一跳
R3(config)#access-list 1 permit 100.66.66.66
R3(config)#route-map localp permit 10
R3(config-route-map)#set local-preference 120
R3(config-route-map)#route-map localp permit 20
R3(config-router)#neighbor 100.1.1.1 route-map localp out
Router bgp 65001
Aggregate-ad 100.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 summary-only
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 100.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 32768 i
r>i100.1.1.1/32 100.1.1.1 0 100 0 i
s i100.6.6.6/32 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 65000 i
s> 4.4.4.4 0 65000 i
r>i100.11.11.11/32 100.1.1.1 0 100 0 i
s i100.66.66.66/32 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 65000 i
s> 4.4.4.4 0 65000 i
R2(config-router)#do sho ip bgp 100.0.0.0
BGP routing table entry for 100.0.0.0/8, version 18
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table Default-IP-Routing-Table)
Flag: 0x820
Advertised to update-groups:
1 2
Local, (aggregated by 65001 2.2.2.2)
0.0.0.0 from 0.0.0.0 (2.2.2.2)
Origin IGP, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, aggregated, local, atomic-aggregate, best
R3(config-router)#aggregate-address 100.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 summary-only
在R23上双向重分发
R3(config-router)#redistribute ospf 100 match external
R3(config-router)#redistribute bgp 65001 subnets
*> 100.0.0.0 172.16.2.2 1 32768 ?
* i 3.3.3.3 0 100 0 i
* 0.0.0.0 32768 I
R2(config-router)#do sho ip bgp 100.0.0.00
BGP routing table entry for 100.0.0.0/8, version 60
Paths: (3 available, best #1, table Default-IP-Routing-Table)
Advertised to update-groups:
1 2
Local
172.16.2.2 from 0.0.0.0 (2.2.2.2)
Origin incomplete(代表重分发来的路由), metric 1, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, sourced, best
Local, (aggregated by 65001 3.3.3.3)
3.3.3.3 (metric 11) from 3.3.3.3 (3.3.3.3)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, atomic-aggregate
Local, (aggregated by 65001 2.2.2.2)
0.0.0.0 from 0.0.0.0 (2.2.2.2) //本地聚合 宣告>重分发>聚合
Origin IGP, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, aggregated, local, atomic-aggregate
*> 100.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 32768 i
* i 2.2.2.2 1 100 0 ?
R5#show ip bgp 100.6.6.6
BGP routing table entry for 100.6.6.6/32, version 8
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table Default-IP-Routing-Table, RIB-failure(17))
Flag: 0x4800
Advertised to update-groups:
2
Local
100.6.6.6 (metric 11) from 100.6.6.6 (6.6.6.6)
Origin IGP, metric 20, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
R1(config-if)#ip ospf cost 1
R1(config-if)#do show ip b 100.6.6.6
BGP routing table entry for 100.6.6.6/32, version 6
Paths: (2 available, best #2, table Default-IP-Routing-Table, RIB-failure(17))
Not advertised to any peer
65000
3.3.3.3 (metric 2) from 3.3.3.3 (3.3.3.3)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal
65000
2.2.2.2 (metric 11) from 2.2.2.2 (2.2.2.2)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
默认不开启负载均和(MAX-PATH为1)
在前8条选路原则无法进行选路的情况下,可以开启负载均衡
IBGP/EBGP负载均衡
IBGP负载均和可以看到M
每经过一个RR时,将会将路由反射ID(簇ID)加入到CLUSTER-LIST。当路由经过的CLUSTER越少越优先(反射的次数越少越优先)
R1(config)#route-map C ma
R1(config)#route-map C pe
R1(config)#route-map C permit 10
R1(config-route-map)#ma
R1(config-route-map)#match ip ad
R1(config-route-map)#match ip address 10
Router-map C deny 10
不写permit 20则则不放行其他路由
R4(config)#ip prefix-list ck seq 5 permit 10.1.8.0/22 ge 24 le 24
//10.1.8.0/22前缀
Ge 24 le 24 大于等于。小于等于。子网掩码
Loopback0 1.1.1.1 YES NVRAM up up
Loopback2 11.11.11.11 YES NVRAM up up
Loopback3 10.1.8.1 YES manual up up
Loopback4 10.1.9.1 YES manual up up
Loopback5 10.1.10.1 YES manual up up
Loopback6 10.1.11.1 YES manual up up
R1(config)#