HTTP请求编码格式与报文

HTTP请求的编码格式有很多中，这里主要记述一些常用的。

• application/x-www-form-urlencoded：窗体数据被编码为名称/值对。（默认）。空格转换为 “+” 加号，但不对特殊字符编码。
• multipart/form-data：窗体数据被编码为一条消息，页上的每个控件对应消息中的一个部分。
• text/plain：窗体数据以纯文本形式进行编码，其中不含任何控件或格式字符。
• JSON：以纯文本形式进行编码，其格式为JSON。

现有HTML代码如下：用属性enctype的值来区分Content-Type

<form action="http://localhost:8080" method="post" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded">

    <input type="text" name="userName" value="zhan gsan"/>
    <input type="text" name="password" value="password"/>
    <input type="file" name="resultFile" />
    <input type="submit" value="submit"/>

form>

当Content-Type为不同值时，报文结果分别为下：

Content-Type=application/x-www-form-urlencoded

浏览器用x-www-form-urlencoded的编码方式把form数据转换成一个字串（name1=value1&name2=value2…），然后把这个字串append到url后面，用?分割，加载这个新的url。 当action为post时候，浏览器把form数据封装到http body中，然后发送到server。

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 62
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: null
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9

userName=zhan+gsan&password=password&resultFile=dddddddddd.vlx

Content-Type=multipart/form-data

浏览器会把整个表单以控件为单位分割，并为每个部分加上Content-Disposition(form-data或者file),name(控件name)等信息，并加上分割符(boundary)。
此报文分割符为：boundary=—-WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 659
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: null
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9

------WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="userName"

zhan gsan
------WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="password"

password
------WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="resultFile"; filename="dddddddddd.vlx"
Content-Type: application/octet-stream

{"nodes":[{"name":"11111","image":"theme/gast/ren.png","entityId":"1000001"},{"name":"5555","image":"theme/gast/ren.png","entityId":"1000001"}],"edges":[{"source":"11111","target":"5555","relation":"ssss","count":"1","currentExtDepth":"1"}]}
------WebKitFormBoundarys70zFPQBqcgHeMy9--

Content-Type=text/plain

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
Connection: keep-alive
Content-Length: 66
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: null
Content-Type: text/plain
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9

userName=zhan gsan
password=password
resultFile=dddddddddd.vlx