SpringBoot集成RabbitMQ

以前用过ActiveMQ，最近了解下RabbitMQ的用法和原理，

下面直接开始，在了解代码部分集成之前，读者先自行了解下RabbitMQ的一些基本知识，以及RabbitMQ的安装，这里不再重复，推荐下这篇博客还是不错的https://www.cnblogs.com/grasp/p/9448660.html

首先介绍几个基本概念：

1、生产者：发送消息的程序
2、消费者：监听接收消费消息的程序
3、消息：一串二进制数据流
4、队列：消息的暂存区/存储区
5、交换机：消息的中转站，用于接收分发消息。其中有 fanout、direct、topic、headers 四种
6、路由：相当于密钥/第三者，与交换机绑定即可路由消息到指定的队列！

代码部分

1.jar包的引入

		
			org.springframework.boot
			spring-boot-starter-amqp
			1.5.2.RELEASE
		

2、配置配置文件addlication.yml文件

#----------------------------------RabbitMQ----------------------------------
    rabbitmq:
        host: localhost
        port: 5672
        username: guest
        password: guest

3、配置RabbitConfig配置类：

我们需要以 Configuration 的方式配置 RabbitMQ 并以 Bean 的方式显示注入 RabbitMQ 在发送接收处理消息时相关 Bean 组件配置

package com.dcx.config;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;

@Configuration
public class RabbitConfig {

    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.host}")
    private String host;

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.port}")
    private int port;

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
    private String password;

    public static final String EXCHANGE_A = "my-mq-exchange_A";

    public static final String QUEUE_A = "QUEUE_A";

    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_A = "spring-boot-routingKey_A";


    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(host,port);
        connectionFactory.setUsername(username);
        connectionFactory.setPassword(password);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true);
        return connectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    @Scope(ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE)
    //必须是prototype类型
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
        RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
        return template;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory){
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }


    /**
     * 针对消费者配置
     * 1. 设置交换机类型
     * 2. 将队列绑定到交换机
     FanoutExchange: 将消息分发到所有的绑定队列，无routingkey的概念
     HeadersExchange ：通过添加属性key-value匹配
     DirectExchange:按照routingkey分发到指定队列
     TopicExchange:多关键字匹配
     */
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange defaultExchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(EXCHANGE_A);//交换器名称、是否持久化、是否自动删除
    }
    /**
     * 获取队列A
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public Queue queueA() {
        return new Queue(QUEUE_A, true);  //队列名字，是否持久化
    }
    @Bean
    public Binding binding() {

        return BindingBuilder.bind(queueA()).to(defaultExchange()).with(RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_A);
    }
}

消息生产者MsgProducer

package com.dcx.common.rabbitmq;

import com.dcx.config.RabbitConfig;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.UUID;

@Component
public class MsgProducer implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback {

    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    //由于rabbitTemplate的scope属性设置为ConfigurableBeanFactory.SCOPE_PROTOTYPE，所以不能自动注入
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    /**
     * 构造方法注入rabbitTemplate
     */
    @Autowired
    public MsgProducer(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
        this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
        rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(this); //rabbitTemplate如果为单例的话，那回调就是最后设置的内容
    }

    public void sendMsg(String content) {
        CorrelationData correlationId = new CorrelationData(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        //把消息放入ROUTINGKEY_A对应的队列当中去，对应的是队列A
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitConfig.EXCHANGE_A, RabbitConfig.ROUTINGKEY_A, content, correlationId);
    }
    /**
     * 回调
     */
    @Override
    public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) {
        logger.info(" 回调id:" + correlationData);
        if (ack) {
            logger.info("消息成功消费");
        } else {
            logger.info("消息消费失败:" + cause);
        }
    }
}

消息消费者

package com.dcx.common.rabbitmq;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@RabbitListener(queues = "QUEUE_A")
public class Receiver {

    @RabbitHandler
    public void process(String hello) {
        System.out.println("Receiver  : " + hello);
    }

}

控制层接口测试

package com.dcx.modules.sys.controller;

import com.dcx.common.rabbitmq.MsgProducer;
import com.dcx.common.rabbitmq.Sender;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;


@RestController
@RequestMapping("rabbitmq")
@Api("RabbitMQ接口测试")
public class RabbitMQController {

    @Autowired
    private MsgProducer msgProducer;

    @PostMapping(value = "/sendmsg")
    @ApiOperation(value = "发送固定消息")
    public String helloTest(){
        msgProducer.sendMsg("1111111111111111111111");
        return "success";
    }
}

项目运行后，进行调用接口

最终控制台打印结果

 

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上面只是实现简单的消息发送，接收功能