springDataJpa入门小呆萌
spring-data-jpa使用入门(写给自己用,以免忘记)
JPA是一套规范，内部是有接口和抽象类组成的。hibernate是一套成熟的ORM框架，而且Hibernate实现了JPA规范，所以也可以称hibernate为JPA的一种实现方式，我们使用JPA的API编程，意味着站在更高的角度上看待问题（面向接口编程）
Spring Data JPA是Spring提供的一套对JPA操作更加高级的封装，是在JPA规范下的专门用来进行数据持久化的解决方案。
1.环境 : maven工程, jpa实现类 hibernate
2.依赖包
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.xcl</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.0.7.Final</hibernate.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<c3p0.version>0.9.1.2</c3p0.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- junit单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring对orm框架的支持包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- hibernate beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
<version>5.2.1.Final</version>
</dependency>
<!-- hibernate end -->
<!-- c3p0 beg -->
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>${c3p0.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- c3p0 end -->
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring data jpa 的坐标-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el beg 使用spring data jpa 必须引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.el</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.web</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.el</artifactId>
<version>2.2.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- el end -->
</dependencies>
</project>
2.配置文件(applicationContext-jpa.xml)
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd">
<bean id="entityManagerFactoty" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.xcl.domain" />
<property name="persistenceProvider">
<bean class="org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider"/>
property>
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="generateDdl" value="false" />
<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" />
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
bean>
property>
<property name="jpaDialect" >
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect" />
property>
bean>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="root">property>
<property name="password" value="root">property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql:///ssh" >property>
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver">property>
bean>
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.xcl.dao" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"
entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactoty" >jpa:repositories>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactoty">property>
bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
<tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
tx:attributes>
tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.xcl.service.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut" />
aop:config>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xcl" >context:component-scan>
beans>
3.实体类
package com.xcl.domain;
import javax.persistence.*;
/**
* 客户的实体类
* 配置映射关系
*
*
* 1.实体类和表的映射关系
* @Entity:声明实体类
* @Table : 配置实体类和表的映射关系
* name : 配置数据库表的名称
* 2.实体类中属性和表中字段的映射关系
*
*
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "cst_customer")
public class Customer {
/**
* @Id：声明主键的配置
* @GeneratedValue:配置主键的生成策略
* strategy
* GenerationType.IDENTITY ：自增，mysql
* * 底层数据库必须支持自动增长（底层数据库支持的自动增长方式，对id自增）
* GenerationType.SEQUENCE : 序列，oracle
* * 底层数据库必须支持序列
* GenerationType.TABLE : jpa提供的一种机制，通过一张数据库表的形式帮助我们完成主键自增
* GenerationType.AUTO ： 由程序自动的帮助我们选择主键生成策略
* @Column:配置属性和字段的映射关系
* name：数据库表中字段的名称
*/
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
@Column(name = "cust_id")
private Long custId; //客户的主键
@Column(name = "cust_name")
private String custName;//客户名称
@Column(name="cust_source")
private String custSource;//客户来源
@Column(name="cust_level")
private String custLevel;//客户级别
@Column(name="cust_industry")
private String custIndustry;//客户所属行业
@Column(name="cust_phone")
private String custPhone;//客户的联系方式
@Column(name="cust_address")
private String custAddress;//客户地址
public Long getCustId() {
return custId;
}
public void setCustId(Long custId) {
this.custId = custId;
}
public String getCustName() {
return custName;
}
public void setCustName(String custName) {
this.custName = custName;
}
public String getCustSource() {
return custSource;
}
public void setCustSource(String custSource) {
this.custSource = custSource;
}
public String getCustLevel() {
return custLevel;
}
public void setCustLevel(String custLevel) {
this.custLevel = custLevel;
}
public String getCustIndustry() {
return custIndustry;
}
public void setCustIndustry(String custIndustry) {
this.custIndustry = custIndustry;
}
public String getCustPhone() {
return custPhone;
}
public void setCustPhone(String custPhone) {
this.custPhone = custPhone;
}
public String getCustAddress() {
return custAddress;
}
public void setCustAddress(String custAddress) {
this.custAddress = custAddress;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer{" +
"custId=" + custId +
", custName='" + custName + '\'' +
", custSource='" + custSource + '\'' +
", custLevel='" + custLevel + '\'' +
", custIndustry='" + custIndustry + '\'' +
", custPhone='" + custPhone + '\'' +
", custAddress='" + custAddress + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
4.Dao接口–值需要继承两个实现类,就能提供基础的增删改查服务
package com.xcl.dao;
import com.xcl.domain.Customer;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
public interface CustomerDao extends JpaRepository<Customer,Long>,JpaSpecificationExecutor<Customer> {
}
5.测试
package com.xcl.test;
import com.xcl.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.xcl.domain.Customer;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import java.util.List;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:ApplicationContext.xml")
public class CustpmerDaoTest {
@Autowired
private CustomerDao customerDao;
/**
* 增加一条记录
*/
@Test
public void testAdd(){
Customer customer = new Customer();
//当id属性未赋值,即主键ID为空时,执行的是保存操作
customer.setCustName("你是谁,我在哪");
customerDao.save(customer);
}
/**
* 依据主键进行删除
*/
@Test
public void testDelete(){
customerDao.delete(1L);
}
/**
* 修改操作
*/
@Test
public void testUpdate(){
Customer customer = new Customer();
//当id属性有值,即主键ID为空时,执行的是保存操作
customer.setCustName("你是谁,我在哪");
customer.setCustId(1L);
//****必须要知道的是,如果对象的其他属性没有值,那么该属性会被更新为null
customerDao.save(customer);
}
/**
* 查询所有数据
*/
@Test
public void testFindAll(){
List<Customer> customerList = customerDao.findAll();
for (Customer customer : customerList) {
System.out.println("customer = " + customer);
}
}
/**
* 查询所有数据
*/
@Test
public void testFindOne(){
Customer one = customerDao.findOne(1L);
System.out.println("one = " + one);
}
}