[Python进阶-4]类的继承/多态/多重继承/任意多参数

(1)类的继承
——需要用super(subclass,self).init(args)继承父类的属性。后面的init里的self不必传递,因为super()里意境传递多,会隐式传递过去。

class Person(object):
    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender

class Teacher(Person):
    def __init__(self, name, gender, course):
        super(Teacher,self).__init__(name,gender)
        self.course=course

t = Teacher('Alice', 'Female', 'English')
print t.name
print t.course

(2)验证某变量属于某类,可以用isinstance,以下是用“实例是否属于某类”,同样可以用作“某变量是否是str”等验证。

class Person(object):

    def __init__(self, name, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender

class Student(Person):

    def __init__(self, name, gender, score):
        super(Student, self).__init__(name, gender)
        self.score = score

class Teacher(Person):

    def __init__(self, name, gender, course):
        super(Teacher, self).__init__(name, gender)
        self.course = course

t = Teacher('Alice', 'Female', 'English')

print isinstance(t,Person)
print isinstance(t,Student)
print isinstance(t,Teacher)
print isinstance(t,object)

(3)多态。简单理解就是一个东西可以根据给的参数不同变现出不同结果。在这里,一般是指父类子类等都具有同一个方法(输出结果不同),此时,调用不同类的方法则结果不同。
——首先是因为调用实例方法的时候,不看类型,只看实例有没有这个方法,有就行,如下:
——其次,是不管是子类父类,调用时,一般是先找自己有无这个方法,如没有再向上继承的找。

import json

class Students(object):
    def read(self):
        return r'["Tim", "Bob", "Alice"]'

s = Students()

print json.load(s)

(4) 多重继承:

class Person(object):
    pass

class Student(Person):
    pass

class Teacher(Person):
    pass

class SkillMixin(object):
    pass

class BasketballMixin(SkillMixin):
    def skill(self):
        return 'basketball'

class FootballMixin(SkillMixin):
    def skill(self):
        return 'football'

class BStudent(Student,BasketballMixin):
    pass

class FTeacher(Teacher,FootballMixin):
    pass

s = BStudent()
print s.skill()

t = FTeacher()
print t.skill()

(5) 任意多参数,用**kw:

class Person(object):

    def __init__(self, name, gender,**kw):
        self.name=name
        self.gender=gender
        for k,v in kw.iteritems():
            setattr(self,k,v)

p = Person('Bob', 'Male', age=18, course='Python')
print p.age
print p.course

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