官方站点:https://github.com/rolando/scrapy-redis
scrapy-redis工程的主体还是是redis和scrapy两个库,工程本身实现的东西不是很多,这个工程就像胶水一样,把这两个插件粘结了起来。下面我们来看看,scrapy-redis的每一个源代码文件都实现了什么功能,最后如何实现分布式的爬虫系统。
四种组件意味着这四个模块都要做相应的修改
下面分别介绍四个组件:
Scrapy改造了python本来的collection.deque(双向队列)形成了自己的Scrapy queue(https://github.com/scrapy/queuelib/blob/master/queuelib/queue.py)),但是Scrapy多个spider不能共享待爬取队列Scrapy queue, 即Scrapy本身不支持爬虫分布式,scrapy-redis 的解决是把这个Scrapy queue换成redis数据库(也是指redis队列),从同一个redis-server存放要爬取的request,便能让多个spider去同一个数据库里读取。
Scrapy中跟“待爬队列”直接相关的就是调度器Scheduler,它负责对新的request进行入列操作(加入Scrapy queue),取出下一个要爬取的request(从Scrapy queue中取出)等操作。它把待爬队列按照优先级建立了一个字典结构,比如:
{
优先级0 : 队列0
优先级1 : 队列1
优先级2 : 队列2
}
然后根据request中的优先级,来决定该入哪个队列,出列时则按优先级较小的优先出列。为了管理这个比较高级的队列字典,Scheduler需要提供一系列的方法。但是原来的Scheduler已经无法使用,所以使用Scrapy-redis的scheduler组件。
Scrapy中用集合实现这个request去重功能,Scrapy中把已经发送的request指纹放入到一个集合中,把下一个request的指纹拿到集合中比对,如果该指纹存在于集合中,说明这个request发送过了,如果没有则继续操作。这个核心的判重功能是这样实现的:
def request_seen(self, request):
# self.request_figerprints 就是一个指纹集合
fp = self.request_fingerprint(request)
# 这就是判重的核心操作
if fp in self.fingerprints:
return True
self.fingerprints.add(fp)
if self.file:
self.file.write(fp + os.linesep)
在scrapy-redis中去重是由Duplication Filter组件来实现的,它通过redis的set 不重复的特性,巧妙的实现了Duplication Filter去重。scrapy-redis调度器从引擎接受request,将request的指纹存redis的set检查是否重复,并将不重复的request push写redis的 request queue。
引擎请求request(Spider发出的)时,调度器从redis的request queue队列里根据优先级pop 出个request 返回给引擎,引擎将此request发给spider处理。
引擎将(Spider返回的)爬取到的Item给Item Pipeline,scrapy-redis 的Item Pipeline将爬取到的 Item 存redis的 items queue。
修改过Item Pipeline可以很方便的根据 key 从 items queue 提取item,从而实现items processes集群。
不在使用scrapy原有的Spider类,重写的RedisSpider继承了Spider和RedisMixin这两个类,RedisMixin是用来从redis读取url的类。
当我们生成一个Spider继承RedisSpider时,调用setup_redis函数,这个函数会去连接redis数据库,然后会设置signals(信号):
Scrapy-redis框架执行过程总结:
最后总结一下scrapy-redis的总体思路:这套组件通过重写scheduler和 spider类,实现了调度、spider启动和redis的交互。
实现新的dupefilter和queue类,达到了判重和调度容器和redis 的交互,因为每个主机上的爬虫进程都访问同一个redis数据库,所以调度和判重都统一进行统一管理,达到了分布式爬虫的目的。
当spider被初始化时,同时会初始化一个对应的scheduler对象,这个调度器对象通过读取settings,配置好自己的调度容器queue和判重工具dupefilter。
每当一个spider产出一个request的时候,scrapy引擎会把这个reuqest递交给这个spider对应的scheduler对象进行调度,scheduler对象通过访问redis对request进行判重,如果不重复就把他添加进redis中的调度器队列里。当调度条件满足时,scheduler对象就从redis的调度器队列中取出一个request发送给spider,让他爬取。
当spider爬取的所有暂时可用url之后,scheduler发现这个spider对应的redis的调度器队列空了,于是触发信号spider_idle,spider收到这个信号之后,直接连接redis读取start_urls池,拿取新的一批url入口,然后再次重复上边的工作。
下面的源码的注释基本都有,我就重要的代码进行解释
这个文件是用于连接redis的文件,用到比较多,也是最重要的文件
import six
from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
from . import defaults
# Shortcut maps 'setting name' -> 'parmater name'.
#关系
SETTINGS_PARAMS_MAP = {
'REDIS_URL': 'url',
'REDIS_HOST': 'host',
'REDIS_PORT': 'port',
'REDIS_ENCODING': 'encoding',
}
#获取一个redis连接实例
#生成连接redis的参数
def get_redis_from_settings(settings):
"""Returns a redis client instance from given Scrapy settings object.
This function uses ``get_client`` to instantiate the client and uses
``defaults.REDIS_PARAMS`` global as defaults values for the parameters. You
can override them using the ``REDIS_PARAMS`` setting.
Parameters
----------
settings : Settings
A scrapy settings object. See the supported settings below.
Returns
-------
server
Redis client instance.
Other Parameters
----------------
REDIS_URL : str, optional
Server connection URL.
REDIS_HOST : str, optional
Server host.
REDIS_PORT : str, optional
Server port.
REDIS_ENCODING : str, optional
Data encoding.
REDIS_PARAMS : dict, optional
Additional client parameters.
"""
#浅拷贝 是为了防止params的改变,会导致默认SETTINGS_PARAMS被改变
params = defaults.REDIS_PARAMS.copy()
#将设置中的参数更新进入params中
params.update(settings.getdict('REDIS_PARAMS'))
# XXX: Deprecate REDIS_* settings.
#遍历映射表,获取指定的参数
for source, dest in SETTINGS_PARAMS_MAP.items():
#优先使用设置中的参数
val = settings.get(source)
#如果设置中没有进行设置,则params不更新
if val:
params[dest] = val
# Allow ``redis_cls`` to be a path to a class.
if isinstance(params.get('redis_cls'), six.string_types):
params['redis_cls'] = load_object(params['redis_cls'])
return get_redis(**params)
# Backwards compatible alias.
from_settings = get_redis_from_settings
def get_redis(**kwargs):
"""Returns a redis client instance.
Parameters
----------
redis_cls : class, optional
Defaults to ``redis.StrictRedis``.
url : str, optional
If given, ``redis_cls.from_url`` is used to instantiate the class.
**kwargs
Extra parameters to be passed to the ``redis_cls`` class.
Returns
-------
server
Redis client instance.
"""
#没有redis_cls 则用默认的redis连接
redis_cls = kwargs.pop('redis_cls', defaults.REDIS_CLS)
#判断kwarg有没有url
url = kwargs.pop('url', None)
if url:
return redis_cls.from_url(url, **kwargs)
else:
#走这里
return redis_cls(**kwargs)
Connection提供了一个很重要的函数,from_settings = get_redis_from_settings
这个函数引入defualt.py文件,定义了我们访问过的指纹。pipline,queue,schedule文件都会调用。
主要存放默认的参数
import redis
# For standalone use.
#去重的键名key
DUPEFILTER_KEY = 'dupefilter:%(timestamp)s'
#定义的存储items的键名,spiders是爬虫的名称
PIPELINE_KEY = '%(spider)s:items'
#redis连接对象,是用于连接redis
REDIS_CLS = redis.StrictRedis
#字符集编码
REDIS_ENCODING = 'utf-8'
# Sane connection defaults.
# redis的连接的参数
REDIS_PARAMS = {
'socket_timeout': 30,
'socket_connect_timeout': 30,
'retry_on_timeout': True,
'encoding': REDIS_ENCODING,
}
# 队列的变量名,用于存储爬取的url队列
SCHEDULER_QUEUE_KEY = '%(spider)s:requests'
# 优先级队列,用于规定队列的进出方式
SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.queue.PriorityQueue'
# 用于去重的key,给request加指纹存储的地方
SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY = '%(spider)s:dupefilter'
# 用于生成指纹的类
SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter'
# 起始url对应的key
START_URLS_KEY = '%(name)s:start_urls'
# 起始url的类型
START_URLS_AS_SET = False
scrapy的去重是利用集合来实现的,而在scrapy分布式的去重就需要利用共享的集合,那么这里使用的就是redis中集合数据结构。
import logging
import time
from scrapy.dupefilters import BaseDupeFilter
from scrapy.utils.request import request_fingerprint
from . import defaults
from .connection import get_redis_from_settings
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# TODO: Rename class to RedisDupeFilter.
class RFPDupeFilter(BaseDupeFilter):
"""
Redis-based request duplicates filter.
This class can also be used with default Scrapy's scheduler.
"""
logger = logger
def __init__(self, server, key, debug=False):
"""
Initialize the duplicates filter.
Parameters#参数
----------
#server:redis的连接实例
server : redis.StrictRedis
The redis server instance.
key : str
Redis key Where to store fingerprints. 存储requests指纹的地方
debug : bool, optional
Whether to log filtered requests. 是否记录过滤的requests
"""
self.server = server
self.key = key
self.debug = debug
self.logdupes = True
#类方法传递的当前方法
@classmethod
def from_settings(cls, settings):
"""Returns an instance from given settings.
This uses by default the key ``dupefilter:``. When using the
``scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler`` class, this method is not used as
it needs to pass the spider name in the key.
Parameters
----------
settings : scrapy.settings.Settings
Returns
-------
RFPDupeFilter
A RFPDupeFilter instance.
"""
#获取redis的连接实例
server = get_redis_from_settings(settings)
# XXX: This creates one-time key. needed to support to use this
# class as standalone dupefilter with scrapy's default scheduler
# if scrapy passes spider on open() method this wouldn't be needed
# TODO: Use SCRAPY_JOB env as default and fallback to timestamp.
#生成存储指纹的key
key = defaults.DUPEFILTER_KEY % {'timestamp': int(time.time())}
#使用默认值Flase
debug = settings.getbool('DUPEFILTER_DEBUG')
#传给当前类,并把参数传给init函数
return cls(server, key=key, debug=debug)
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
"""Returns instance from crawler.
Parameters
----------
crawler : scrapy.crawler.Crawler
Returns
-------
RFPDupeFilter
Instance of RFPDupeFilter.
"""
return cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)
def request_seen(self, request):
"""Returns True if request was already seen.
Parameters
----------
request : scrapy.http.Request
Returns
-------
bool
"""
#s生成一个指纹
fp = self.request_fingerprint(request)
# This returns the number of values added, zero if already exists.
#将指纹加入redis 指纹是一个集合类型
# self.server redis连接实例
#self.key 是存储指纹的key fp指纹
#self.key 已经存在返回0,不存在则返回1
added = self.server.sadd(self.key, fp)
#当added为0,说明指纹已经存在,返回true。否则返回False
return added == 0
def request_fingerprint(self, request):
"""Returns a fingerprint for a given request.
Parameters
----------
request : scrapy.http.Request
Returns
-------
str
"""
return request_fingerprint(request)
@classmethod
def from_spider(cls, spider):
settings = spider.settings
server = get_redis_from_settings(settings)
dupefilter_key = settings.get("SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY", defaults.SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY)
key = dupefilter_key % {'spider': spider.name}
debug = settings.getbool('DUPEFILTER_DEBUG')
return cls(server, key=key, debug=debug)
#当爬虫结束时,清空指纹
def close(self, reason=''):
"""Delete data on close. Called by Scrapy's scheduler.
Parameters
----------
reason : str, optional
"""
self.clear()
def clear(self):
"""Clears fingerprints data."""
self.server.delete(self.key)
def log(self, request, spider):
"""Logs given request.
Parameters
----------
request : scrapy.http.Request
spider : scrapy.spiders.Spider
"""
if self.debug:
msg = "Filtered duplicate request: %(request)s"
self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider})
elif self.logdupes:
msg = ("Filtered duplicate request %(request)s"
" - no more duplicates will be shown"
" (see DUPEFILTER_DEBUG to show all duplicates)")
self.logger.debug(msg, {'request': request}, extra={'spider': spider})
self.logdupes = False
request_seen()方法直接换成了数据库的存储方式,鉴别重复的方式,还是使用指纹,指纹同样,是依靠request_fingerprint()方法俩获取的。获取指纹之后就直接向集合添加指纹,如果添加成功,说明这个指纹原本不存在于集合中,返回1。代码中最后的返回结果是判断添加结果是否为0,如果刚才返回为1,那么这个判定结果是false,也就是不重复,否则判定为重复。
这里实现了loads和dumps两个函数,其实就是实现了一个序列化器。
因为redis数据库不能存储复杂对象(key部分只能是字符串,value部分只能是字符串,字符串列表,字符串集合和hash),所以我们存啥都要先串行化成文本才行。
这里使用的就是python的pickle模块,一个兼容py2和py3的串行化工具。这个serializer主要用于一会的scheduler存reuqest对象。
"""A pickle wrapper module with protocol=-1 by default."""
try:
import cPickle as pickle # PY2
except ImportError:
import pickle#PY3用的包
#反序列化就是将字符串转换为json数据
def loads(s):
return pickle.loads(s)
#序列化就是将json数据转换为字符串
def dumps(obj):
return pickle.dumps(obj, protocol=-1)
用于处理爬虫爬取的数据将数据序列化放到redis中
from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
from scrapy.utils.serialize import ScrapyJSONEncoder
from twisted.internet.threads import deferToThread
from . import connection, defaults
#序列化的字符串
default_serialize = ScrapyJSONEncoder().encode
class RedisPipeline(object):
"""Pushes serialized item into a redis list/queue
Settings
--------
REDIS_ITEMS_KEY : str
Redis key where to store items.
REDIS_ITEMS_SERIALIZER : str
Object path to serializer function.
"""
def __init__(self, server,
key=defaults.PIPELINE_KEY,
serialize_func=default_serialize):
"""Initialize pipeline.
Parameters
----------
server : StrictRedis
Redis client instance.
key : str
Redis key where to store items.
serialize_func : callable
Items serializer function.
"""
self.server = server
self.key = key
self.serialize = serialize_func
#将类本身传入函数
#用来生成参数和redis的连接实例
@classmethod
def from_settings(cls, settings):
#from_settings = get_redis_from_settings
#生成redis连接实例
params = {
'server': connection.from_settings(settings),
}
#如果设置中有item_key,我们就用设置中的
if settings.get('REDIS_ITEMS_KEY'):
params['key'] = settings['REDIS_ITEMS_KEY']
#如果设置中有序列化的函数,则优先使用设置中的
if settings.get('REDIS_ITEMS_SERIALIZER'):
params['serialize_func'] = load_object(
settings['REDIS_ITEMS_SERIALIZER']
)
#将参数返回当前类
return cls(**params)
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
return cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)
#将item传递过来,自动触发这个函数,process_item
def process_item(self, item, spider):
#创建一个线程,用于存储item,也就是说上一个item还没有存储完,下一个item就可以存储
return deferToThread(self._process_item, item, spider)
#实现存储函数
def _process_item(self, item, spider):
#生成item_key
key = self.item_key(item, spider)
#使用默认的序列化函数,将item序列化为字符串
data = self.serialize(item)
#self.server是redis的连接实例
self.server.rpush(key, data)
return item
#用于存储item
def item_key(self, item, spider):
"""Returns redis key based on given spider.
Override this function to use a different key depending on the item
and/or spider.
"""
# self.key='%(spider)s:items'=%(spider.name)s:items'
return self.key % {'spider': spider.name} # 格式化字符串
爬取队列,有三个队列实现,首先它实现了一个父类base,提供一些基本方法与属性
from scrapy.utils.reqser import request_to_dict, request_from_dict
from . import picklecompat
class Base(object):
"""Per-spider base queue class"""
def __init__(self, server, spider, key, serializer=None):
"""Initialize per-spider redis queue.
Parameters
----------
server : StrictRedis
Redis client instance.
spider : Spider
Scrapy spider instance.
key: str
Redis key where to put and get messages.
serializer : object
Serializer object with ``loads`` and ``dumps`` methods.
"""
if serializer is None:
# Backward compatibility.
# TODO: deprecate pickle.
serializer = picklecompat
# 当序列化 没有loads函数时 抛出异常
# 抛出异常的目的就是为了使传过来的序列化必须含有loads函数
if not hasattr(serializer, 'loads'):
raise TypeError("serializer does not implement 'loads' function: %r"
% serializer)
if not hasattr(serializer, 'dumps'):
raise TypeError("serializer '%s' does not implement 'dumps' function: %r"
% serializer)
# 下面的函数当类的所有函数 都可以使用
self.server = server
self.spider = spider
self.key = key % {'spider': spider.name}
self.serializer = serializer
# 将request进行编码成字符串
def _encode_request(self, request):
"""Encode a request object"""
# 将requests转换为字典
obj = request_to_dict(request, self.spider)
# 将字典转换为字符串进行返回
return self.serializer.dumps(obj)
# 将已经编码的encoded_request解码为字典
def _decode_request(self, encoded_request):
"""Decode an request previously encoded"""
obj = self.serializer.loads(encoded_request)
# 将dict转换为request objects 可以直接通过下载器进行下载
return request_from_dict(obj, self.spider)
# len方法 必须被重载 否则不能使用
def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the queue"""
raise NotImplementedError
def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
raise NotImplementedError
def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""Pop a request"""
raise NotImplementedError
# 删除指定的self.key
def clear(self):
"""Clear queue/stack"""
self.server.delete(self.key)
首先看一下_encode_request() 和_decode_request()方法。我们把一个reques对象存储到数据库中,但数据库无法直接存储对象,多以要将request序列化转化为字符串,而这两个方法分别可以实现序列化和反序列化的操作,这个过程中可以利用pickle库来实现,队列queu在调用push()方法将request 存入数据库时,会调用_encode_request ()方法进行序列化,在调用pop()取出request时,会调用_decode_request()进行反序列化
在父类中,len(),push()和pop()这三个方法都是未实现的,三个方法直接抛出NotImplementedError 异常,因此这个类不能直接使用。那么,必须要实现一个子类来重写这三个方法,而不同的子类就会有不同的实现和不同的功能。
下面三个子类来继承base的三个子类,FifoQueue,PriorityQueue,LifoQueue,他们实现原理的功能。
首先介绍FifoQueue
class FifoQueue(Base):
"""Per-spider FIFO queue"""
def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the queue"""
return self.server.llen(self.key)
# 重头部插入request
def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
# 编码request 插入self.key
self.server.lpush(self.key, self._encode_request(request))
def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""Pop a request"""
if timeout > 0:
data = self.server.brpop(self.key, timeout)
if isinstance(data, tuple):
data = data[1]
else:
data = self.server.rpop(self.key)
if data:
return self._decode_request(data)
这个类继承base类,并重写了__len__()、push()、pop()三个方法,这三个方法都是对server对象的操作。server对象就是一个redis连接对象,我们直接调用其操作redis的方法对数据库进行操作,这里的操作方法有llen() ,lpush(),rpop()等,这就代表此爬虫队列使用了redis的列表。序列化后request会存入列表中,len ()方法获取列表的长度,push()调用了lpush()操作,这代表从列表左侧存入数据,pop()方法中调用了rpop()操作,这代表从列右侧取出数据。
request在列表中存取顺序是左侧进,右侧出,这是有序的进出,即先进先出,此类的名称就叫作FifoQueue
接下来是介绍PriorityQueue。
class PriorityQueue(Base):
"""Per-spider priority queue abstraction using redis' sorted set"""
def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the queue"""
return self.server.zcard(self.key)
def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
data = self._encode_request(request)
score = -request.priority
# We don't use zadd method as the order of arguments change depending on
# whether the class is Redis or StrictRedis, and the option of using
# kwargs only accepts strings, not bytes.
# 使用有序集合实现优先级队列
self.server.execute_command('ZADD', self.key, score, data)
def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""
Pop a request
timeout not support in this queue class
"""
# use atomic range/remove using multi/exec
# 实例化函数 self.server 有一个方法叫做pipeline
pipe = self.server.pipeline()
pipe.multi()
# zrange是从小到大排序后返回第一个值 zremrangebyrank 删除第一个request
pipe.zrange(self.key, 0, 0).zremrangebyrank(self.key, 0, 0)
# results 接收的是第一条数据 count删除的元素 返回值为 1 或 0
results, count = pipe.execute()
# 只要有一个元素results就是真值
if results:
# 将获取到的第一个元素(返回的是个列表) 拿出来 进行解码
return self._decode_request(results[0])
这里__len__()、push()、pop()方法使用了server对象的zcard(),zadd(),zrange()操作,这里使用的存储结果是有序集合,这个集合中的每个元素都可以设置分数,这个分数就代表优先级。
此队列是默认使用的队列,即爬取队列默认是使用有序集合来存储的。
接下来介绍LifoQueue
class LifoQueue(Base):
"""Per-spider LIFO queue."""
def __len__(self):
"""Return the length of the stack"""
return self.server.llen(self.key)
def push(self, request):
"""Push a request"""
self.server.lpush(self.key, self._encode_request(request))
def pop(self, timeout=0):
"""Pop a request"""
if timeout > 0:
data = self.server.blpop(self.key, timeout)
if isinstance(data, tuple):
data = data[1]
else:
data = self.server.lpop(self.key)
if data:
return self._decode_request(data)
# TODO: Deprecate the use of these names.
SpiderQueue = FifoQueue
SpiderStack = LifoQueue
SpiderPriorityQueue = PriorityQueue
与 FifoQueue不同的是 LifoQueue的pop()方法,他是的是lpop()操作,也就是从左侧出,push()方法依然使用lpush()操作,从左侧入。那么效果就是先进后出,后进先出此类名称叫做 LifoQueue。这个存取方式类似栈的操作,所以也可以称作stackqueue
首先从 setting.py中获取 scheduler的设置。enqueue_request()可以向队列中添加request,核心操作就是调用queue的push()操作,还有一些统计和日志操作。next_request()就是从队列中取request,核心凑就是queue的pop()操作,此时如果队列中还设有request,则request会直接取出来,爬取继续,否则如果队列为空,爬取则重新开始
import importlib
import six
from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
from . import connection, defaults
# TODO: add SCRAPY_JOB support.
class Scheduler(object):
"""Redis-based scheduler
Settings
--------
SCHEDULER_PERSIST : bool (default: False)
Whether to persist or clear redis queue.
SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START : bool (default: False)
Whether to flush redis queue on start.
SCHEDULER_IDLE_BEFORE_CLOSE : int (default: 0)
How many seconds to wait before closing if no message is received.
SCHEDULER_QUEUE_KEY : str
Scheduler redis key.
SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS : str
Scheduler queue class.
SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY : str
Scheduler dupefilter redis key.
SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_CLASS : str
Scheduler dupefilter class.
SCHEDULER_SERIALIZER : str
Scheduler serializer.
"""
def __init__(self, server,
persist=False,
flush_on_start=False,
queue_key=defaults.SCHEDULER_QUEUE_KEY,
queue_cls=defaults.SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS,
dupefilter_key=defaults.SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY,
dupefilter_cls=defaults.SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_CLASS,
idle_before_close=0,
serializer=None):
"""Initialize scheduler.
Parameters
----------
server : Redis
The redis server instance.
persist : bool
Whether to flush requests when closing. Default is False.
flush_on_start : bool
Whether to flush requests on start. Default is False.
queue_key : str
Requests queue key.
queue_cls : str
Importable path to the queue class.
dupefilter_key : str
Duplicates filter key.
dupefilter_cls : str
Importable path to the dupefilter class.
idle_before_close : int
Timeout before giving up.
"""
if idle_before_close < 0:
raise TypeError("idle_before_close cannot be negative")
self.server = server
self.persist = persist
self.flush_on_start = flush_on_start
self.queue_key = queue_key
self.queue_cls = queue_cls
self.dupefilter_cls = dupefilter_cls
self.dupefilter_key = dupefilter_key
self.idle_before_close = idle_before_close
self.serializer = serializer
self.stats = None
def __len__(self):
return len(self.queue)
@classmethod
def from_settings(cls, settings):
kwargs = {
# 将数据持久化
'persist': settings.getbool('SCHEDULER_PERSIST'),
'flush_on_start': settings.getbool('SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START'),
'idle_before_close': settings.getint('SCHEDULER_IDLE_BEFORE_CLOSE'),
}
# If these values are missing, it means we want to use the defaults.
optional = {
# TODO: Use custom prefixes for this settings to note that are
# specific to scrapy-redis.
'queue_key': 'SCHEDULER_QUEUE_KEY',
'queue_cls': 'SCHEDULER_QUEUE_CLASS',
'dupefilter_key': 'SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_KEY',
# We use the default setting name to keep compatibility.
'dupefilter_cls': 'DUPEFILTER_CLASS',
'serializer': 'SCHEDULER_SERIALIZER',
}
# 将在设置中定义好的键更新进入kwargs
for name, setting_name in optional.items():
val = settings.get(setting_name)
if val:
kwargs[name] = val
# Support serializer as a path to a module.
if isinstance(kwargs.get('serializer'), six.string_types):
kwargs['serializer'] = importlib.import_module(kwargs['serializer'])
server = connection.from_settings(settings)
# Ensure the connection is working.
# 验证server是否连接成功
server.ping()
return cls(server=server, **kwargs)
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
instance = cls.from_settings(crawler.settings)
# FIXME: for now, stats are only supported from this constructor
instance.stats = crawler.stats
return instance
def open(self, spider):
self.spider = spider
try:
self.queue = load_object(self.queue_cls)(
server=self.server,
spider=spider,
key=self.queue_key % {'spider': spider.name},
serializer=self.serializer,
)
except TypeError as e:
raise ValueError("Failed to instantiate queue class '%s': %s",
self.queue_cls, e)
self.df = load_object(self.dupefilter_cls).from_spider(spider)
if self.flush_on_start:
self.flush()
# notice if there are requests already in the queue to resume the crawl
if len(self.queue):
spider.log("Resuming crawl (%d requests scheduled)" % len(self.queue))
def close(self, reason):
if not self.persist:
self.flush()
def flush(self):
self.df.clear()
self.queue.clear()
# 入队函数
def enqueue_request(self, request):
# self.df = load_object(self.dupefilter_cls).from_spider(spider)
# = defaults.SCHEDULER_DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter'
# self.df.request_seen(request) 返回的bool值 True代表request存在
# not request.dont_filter 在默认的情况下 返回True
# 当我们选择的是过滤 而且 request已经入队的时候 我们返回Flase
if not request.dont_filter and self.df.request_seen(request):
self.df.log(request, self.spider)
return False
# 这个用不到 默认的是None
if self.stats:
self.stats.inc_value('scheduler/enqueued/redis', spider=self.spider)
# 入队 默认使用优先级队列
self.queue.push(request)
return True
# 出队函数
def next_request(self):
block_pop_timeout = self.idle_before_close
# 弹出一条数据
request = self.queue.pop(block_pop_timeout)
if request and self.stats:
self.stats.inc_value('scheduler/dequeued/redis', spider=self.spider)
# 返回request 给引擎 引擎在给 下载器
return request
def has_pending_requests(self):
return len(self) > 0
from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.exceptions import DontCloseSpider
from scrapy.spiders import Spider, CrawlSpider
from . import connection, defaults
from .utils import bytes_to_str
class RedisMixin(object):
"""Mixin class to implement reading urls from a redis queue."""
redis_key = None
redis_batch_size = None
redis_encoding = None
# Redis client placeholder.
server = None
def start_requests(self):
"""Returns a batch of start requests from redis."""
return self.next_requests()
def setup_redis(self, crawler=None):
"""Setup redis connection and idle signal.
This should be called after the spider has set its crawler object.
"""
if self.server is not None:
return
if crawler is None:
# We allow optional crawler argument to keep backwards
# compatibility.
# XXX: Raise a deprecation warning.
crawler = getattr(self, 'crawler', None)
if crawler is None:
raise ValueError("crawler is required")
settings = crawler.settings
if self.redis_key is None:
self.redis_key = settings.get(
'REDIS_START_URLS_KEY', defaults.START_URLS_KEY,
)
self.redis_key = self.redis_key % {'name': self.name}
if not self.redis_key.strip():
raise ValueError("redis_key must not be empty")
if self.redis_batch_size is None:
# TODO: Deprecate this setting (REDIS_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE).
self.redis_batch_size = settings.getint(
'REDIS_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE',
settings.getint('CONCURRENT_REQUESTS'),
)
try:
self.redis_batch_size = int(self.redis_batch_size)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise ValueError("redis_batch_size must be an integer")
if self.redis_encoding is None:
self.redis_encoding = settings.get('REDIS_ENCODING', defaults.REDIS_ENCODING)
self.logger.info("Reading start URLs from redis key '%(redis_key)s' "
"(batch size: %(redis_batch_size)s, encoding: %(redis_encoding)s",
self.__dict__)
self.server = connection.from_settings(crawler.settings)
# The idle signal is called when the spider has no requests left,
# that's when we will schedule new requests from redis queue
crawler.signals.connect(self.spider_idle, signal=signals.spider_idle)
def next_requests(self):
"""Returns a request to be scheduled or none."""
# 使用默认的reids_keys 是一个列表 否者就是集合
use_set = self.settings.getbool('REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET', defaults.START_URLS_AS_SET)
# use_set 是个False 则返回self.server.lpop(列表类型) 否则返回self.server.spop(集合类型)
fetch_one = self.server.spop if use_set else self.server.lpop
# XXX: Do we need to use a timeout here?
found = 0
# TODO: Use redis pipeline execution.
while found < self.redis_batch_size:
# 从数据库中取出起始url数据 返回的是一个列表的
data = fetch_one(self.redis_key)
# 如果是空 则直接终止循环
if not data:
# Queue empty.
break
# 获取到的起始url 转换为
req = self.make_request_from_data(data)
if req:
yield req
found += 1
else:
self.logger.debug("Request not made from data: %r", data)
# 如果上面的while 不执行 found 一直是0
# 如果上面执行了found 不等于0 执行下面的if 语句
# 如果redis_keys 起始URL不存在 提示 没有request
if found:
self.logger.debug("Read %s requests from '%s'", found, self.redis_key)
# 返回的是request实例 是通过来自redis的data数据
def make_request_from_data(self, data):
"""Returns a Request instance from data coming from Redis.
By default, ``data`` is an encoded URL. You can override this method to
provide your own message decoding.
Parameters
----------
data : bytes
Message from redis.
"""
# 将获取到的bytes类型数据 转换为字符串
url = bytes_to_str(data, self.redis_encoding)
return self.make_requests_from_url(url)
def schedule_next_requests(self):
"""Schedules a request if available"""
# TODO: While there is capacity, schedule a batch of redis requests.
for req in self.next_requests():
self.crawler.engine.crawl(req, spider=self)
def spider_idle(self):
"""Schedules a request if available, otherwise waits."""
# XXX: Handle a sentinel to close the spider.
self.schedule_next_requests()
raise DontCloseSpider
class RedisSpider(RedisMixin, Spider):
"""Spider that reads urls from redis queue when idle.
Attributes
----------
redis_key : str (default: REDIS_START_URLS_KEY)
Redis key where to fetch start URLs from..
redis_batch_size : int (default: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS)
Number of messages to fetch from redis on each attempt.
redis_encoding : str (default: REDIS_ENCODING)
Encoding to use when decoding messages from redis queue.
Settings
--------
REDIS_START_URLS_KEY : str (default: ":start_urls")
Default Redis key where to fetch start URLs from..
REDIS_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE : int (deprecated by CONCURRENT_REQUESTS)
Default number of messages to fetch from redis on each attempt.
REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET : bool (default: False)
Use SET operations to retrieve messages from the redis queue. If False,
the messages are retrieve using the LPOP command.
REDIS_ENCODING : str (default: "utf-8")
Default encoding to use when decoding messages from redis queue.
"""
@classmethod
def from_crawler(self, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
obj = super(RedisSpider, self).from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
obj.setup_redis(crawler)
return obj
class RedisCrawlSpider(RedisMixin, CrawlSpider):
"""Spider that reads urls from redis queue when idle.
Attributes
----------
redis_key : str (default: REDIS_START_URLS_KEY)
Redis key where to fetch start URLs from..
redis_batch_size : int (default: CONCURRENT_REQUESTS)
Number of messages to fetch from redis on each attempt.
redis_encoding : str (default: REDIS_ENCODING)
Encoding to use when decoding messages from redis queue.
Settings
--------
REDIS_START_URLS_KEY : str (default: ":start_urls")
Default Redis key where to fetch start URLs from..
REDIS_START_URLS_BATCH_SIZE : int (deprecated by CONCURRENT_REQUESTS)
Default number of messages to fetch from redis on each attempt.
REDIS_START_URLS_AS_SET : bool (default: True)
Use SET operations to retrieve messages from the redis queue.
REDIS_ENCODING : str (default: "utf-8")
Default encoding to use when decoding messages from redis queue.
"""
@classmethod
def from_crawler(self, crawler, *args, **kwargs):
obj = super(RedisCrawlSpider, self).from_crawler(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
obj.setup_redis(crawler)
return obj
将bytes类型转化为字符串
import six
#将bytes类型转化为字符串
def bytes_to_str(s, encoding='utf-8'):
"""Returns a str if a bytes object is given."""
if six.PY3 and isinstance(s, bytes):
return s.decode(encoding)
return s