监控神器-Prometheus(pushgateway、Alertmanager)

服务端搭建

https://blog.csdn.net/qq_37598011/article/details/101105086

pushgateway安装及其使用

https://prometheus.io/download/

wget https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway/releases/download/v1.0.0/pushgateway-1.0.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pushgateway-1.0.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cd pushgateway-1.0.0.linux-amd64/
./pushgateway

于此同时需要修改Prometheus的配置文件

cd /usr/local/prometheus
vim prometheus.yml

  - job_name: pushgateway
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9091']
        labels:
          instance: pushgateway

重启

./prometheus

访问：http://localhost:9090/targets

访问：http://localhost:9091/#

测试（对于传过去的监控项会添加此处定义的标签 job=test instance=192.168.78.133 hostname=ip-192.168.78.133）

curl 127.0.0.1:9100/metrics|curl --data-binary @- http://127.0.0.1:9091/metrics/job/test/instance/192.168.78.133/hostname/ip-192.168.78.133

使用客户端库：https://prometheus.io/docs/instrumenting/clientlibs/

Alertmanager安装及其使用

Alertmanager安装

https://prometheus.io/download/

wget https://github.com/prometheus/alertmanager/releases/download/v0.20.0-rc.0/alertmanager-0.20.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf alertmanager-0.20.0-rc.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv alertmanager-0.20.0-rc.0.linux-amd64 /usr/local/alertmanager

修改配置文件

cd /usr/local/alertmanager/
vim alertmanager.yml

global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m #处理超时时间，默认为5min
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.qq.com:25' # 邮箱smtp服务器代理
  smtp_from: '[email protected]' # 发送邮箱名称
  smtp_auth_username: '[email protected]' # 邮箱名称
  smtp_auth_password: 'xxxxxxxx' # 授权码
  smtp_require_tls: false

templates:
  - 'template/*.tmpl'

route:
  group_by: ['alertname'] #报警分组依据
  group_wait: 10s #最初即第一次等待多久时间发送一组警报的通知
  group_interval: 10m # 在发送新警报前的等待时间
  repeat_interval: 1h # 发送重复警报的周期 对于email配置中，此项不可以设置过低,>否则将会由于邮件发送太多频繁，被smtp服务器拒绝
  receiver: 'email' # 发送警报的接收者的名称，以下receivers name的名称

receivers:
- name: 'email'
  email_configs: # 邮箱配置
  - to: '[email protected]'  # 接收警报的email配置
    headers: { Subject: "[WARN] 报警邮件"} # 接收邮件的标题
    send_resolved: true
  webhook_configs:
  - url: 'http://127.0.0.1:5001/'
inhibit_rules:
  - source_match:
      severity: 'critical'
    target_match:
      severity: 'warning'
    equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']

创建模板文件 

mkdir template
cd template
vim test.tmpl

{{ define "test.html" }}

        {{ range $i, $alert := .Alerts }}
                
        {{ end }}

        

                
报警项
                
实例
                
报警阀值
                
开始时间
        

                        
{{ index $alert.Labels "alertname" }}
                        
{{ index $alert.Labels "instance" }}
                        
{{ index $alert.Annotations "value" }}
                        
{{ $alert.StartsAt }}
                
{{ end }}

检测

cd ..
./amtool check-config alertmanager.yml 

Alertmanager启动！！！！

./alertmanager 

修改Prometheus

创建Alertmanager规则

cd /usr/local/prometheus

这里我举例服务掉线的情况

vim alertmanager_rules.yml 

groups:
 - name: test-rules
   rules:
   - alert: InstanceDown # 告警名称
     expr: up == 0 # 告警的判定条件，参考Prometheus高级查询来设定
     for: 2m # 满足告警条件持续时间多久后，才会发送告警
     labels: #标签项
      team: node
     annotations: # 解析项，详细解释告警信息
      summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: has been down"
      description: "{{$labels.instance}}: job {{$labels.job}} has been down "
      value: "{{$value}}"

修改Prometheus.yml

vim prometheus.yml

# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.
  # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets: ["localhost:9093"]

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  - "alertmanager_rules.yml"
  # - "first_rules.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9090']

  - job_name: 'server'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9100']

  - job_name: pushgateway
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9091']
        labels:
          instance: pushgateway

检测

./promtool check config prometheus.yml

./prometheus

OK启动！！！

测试

停止node_exporter 

例子：针对磁盘CPU、IO、磁盘使用、内存使用、TCP、网络流量监控告警

groups:
    - name: 主机状态-监控告警
      rules:
      - alert: 主机状态
        expr: up == 0
        for: 5m
        labels:
          status: 非常严重
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.instance}}:服务器宕机"
          description: "{{$labels.instance}}:服务器延时超过5分钟"
      
      - alert: CPU使用情况
        expr: 100-(avg(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) by(instance)* 100) > 80
        for: 1m
        labels:
          status: 一般告警
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} CPU使用率过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} CPU使用大于80%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
      - alert: 内存使用
        expr: 100 -(node_memory_MemFree_bytes+node_memory_Buffers_bytes+node_memory_Cached_bytes ) / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes * 100> 80
        for: 1m
        labels:
          status: 严重告警
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 内存使用率过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} 内存使用大于80%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
      - alert: IO性能
        expr: (avg(irate(node_disk_io_time_seconds_total[1m])) by(instance)* 100) > 80
        for: 1m
        labels:
          status: 严重告警
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流入磁盘IO使用率过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} 流入磁盘IO大于80%(目前使用:{{$value}})"
 
      - alert: 网络
        expr: ((sum(rate (node_network_receive_bytes_total{device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr*|lo*'}[5m])) by (instance)) / 100) > 102400
        for: 1m
        labels:
          status: 严重告警
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流入网络带宽过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }}流入网络带宽持续2分钟高于100M. RX带宽使用率{{$value}}"
 
      - alert: 网络
        expr: ((sum(rate (node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device!~'tap.*|veth.*|br.*|docker.*|virbr*|lo*'}[5m])) by (instance)) / 100) > 102400
        for: 1m
        labels:
          status: 严重告警
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 流出网络带宽过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }}流出网络带宽持续2分钟高于100M. RX带宽使用率{{$value}}"
      
      - alert: TCP会话
        expr: node_netstat_Tcp_CurrEstab > 1000
        for: 1m
        labels:
          status: 严重告警
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} TCP_ESTABLISHED过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} TCP_ESTABLISHED大于1000%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"
 
      - alert: 磁盘容量
        expr: 100-(node_filesystem_free_bytes{fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}/node_filesystem_size_bytes {fstype=~"ext4|xfs"}*100) > 80
        for: 1m
        labels:
          status: 严重告警
        annotations:
          summary: "{{$labels.mountpoint}} 磁盘分区使用率过高！"
          description: "{{$labels.mountpoint }} 磁盘分区使用大于80%(目前使用:{{$value}}%)"

 

妈妈再也不用担心我的服务器？？？