Handler用法及解析

 

 

目录

1.handler作用: 

1)传递消息Message

2)子线程通知主线程更新ui

2.常用api

3.handler使用避免内存泄露

 1)handler怎么使用会产生内存泄露?

 2)如何避免handler的内存泄露?

 3)  雷区

4.handlerThread

1)  handlerThread是什么?

2)HandlerThread使用及销毁

5.源码解析

1)Message消息

2)Looper

3)  MessageQueue消息队列

4)Handler

6.总结


1.handler作用: 

1)传递消息Message

//2种创建消息方法
//1.通过handler实例获取
Handler handler = new Handler();
Message message=handler.obtainMessage();

//2.通过Message获取
Message message=Message.obtain();


//源码中第一种获取方式其实也是内部调用了第二种:
public final Message obtainMessage(){
    return Message.obtain(this);
}

不建议直接new Message,Message内部保存了一个缓存的消息池,我们可以用obtain从缓存池获得一个消息,Message使用完后系统会调用recycle回收,如果自己new很多Message,每次使用完后系统放入缓存池,会占用很多内存的。 

//传递的数据
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString("msg", "传递我这个消息");
//发送数据
Message message = Message.obtain();
message.setData(bundle);   //message.obj=bundle  传值也行
message.what = 0x11;
handler.sendMessage(message);



//数据的接收
final Handler handler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            if (msg.what == 0x11) {
                Bundle bundle = msg.getData();
                String date = bundle.getString("msg");
            }
        }
};

2)子线程通知主线程更新ui

        //创建handler
        final Handler handler = new Handler() {
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                super.handleMessage(msg);
                if (msg.what == 0x11) {
                    //更新ui
                          ......
                }
            }
        };

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                //FIXME 这里直接更新ui是不行的
                //还有其他更新ui方式,runOnUiThread()等          
                message.what = 0x11;     
                handler.sendMessage(message);  
            }
        }).start();

2.常用api

    //消息
    Message message = Message.obtain();
    //发送消息
        new Handler().sendMessage(message);
    //延时1s发送消息
        new Handler().sendMessageDelayed(message, 1000);
    //发送带标记的消息(内部创建了message,并设置msg.what = 0x1)
        new Handler().sendEmptyMessage(0x1);
    //延时1s发送带标记的消息
        new Handler().sendEmptyMessageDelayed(0x1, 1000);
    //延时1秒发送消息(第二个参数为:相对系统开机时间的绝对时间,而SystemClock.uptimeMillis()是当前开机时间)
        new Handler().sendMessageAtTime(message, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + 1000);

    //避免内存泄露的方法:
    //移除标记为0x1的消息
        new Handler().removeMessages(0x1);
    //移除回调的消息
        new Handler().removeCallbacks(Runnable);
    //移除回调和所有message
        new Handler().removeCallbacksAndMessages(null);

3.handler使用避免内存泄露

 1)handler怎么使用会产生内存泄露?

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    final Handler handler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
                ......
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //activity被执行时,被延迟的这个消息存于主线程消息队列中1分钟,
        //此消息包含handler引用,而handler由匿名内部类创建,持有activity引用,
        //activity便不能正常销毁,从而泄露
        handler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                ......
            }
        }, 1000 * 60);
    }
}

 2)如何避免handler的内存泄露?

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    //创建静态内部类
    private static class MyHandler extends Handler{
        //持有弱引用MainActivity,GC回收时会被回收掉.
        private final WeakReference mAct;
        public MyHandler(MainActivity mainActivity){
            mAct =new WeakReference(mainActivity);
        }
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            MainActivity mainAct=mAct.get();
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            if(mainAct!=null){
                //执行业务逻辑
            }
        }
    }
    private static final Runnable myRunnable = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //执行我们的业务逻辑
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        MyHandler myHandler=new MyHandler(this);
        //延迟5分钟后发送
        myHandler.postDelayed(myRunnable, 1000 * 60 * 5);
    }
}

 3)  雷区

a)Handler.post(Runnable)其实就是生成一个what为0的Message,调用

myHandler.removeMessages(0);

会使runnable任务从消息队列中清除。

详细解释:https://www.cnblogs.com/coding-way/p/5110125.html(转)

b) 子线程直接创建Handler,抛异常Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()

原因是非主线程没有loop对象,所以要调用Looper.prepare()方法,而且如果主线程给子线程发送消息,还要调用一个Looper.loop()的方法(此方法保证消息队列中的消息被不停的拿出,并被处理)

class MyThread extends Thread{
        @Override
        public void run() {
            super.run();
            Looper.prepare();
            Handler handler = new Handler() {
                @Override
                public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
                    //处理消息
                }
            };
            Looper.loop();
        }
}

c)activity如被finish,但是handler刚好还在处理消息,如果需要用的资源已被释放,则会出现空指针异常。

所以在ondestory中去remove掉我们要处理的事件,还是有必要的。不想处理就直接try catch或者判空。

d)有时候你会发现removeCallbacks会失效,不能从消息队列中移除。

出现这情况是activity切入后台,再回到前台,此时的runnable由于被重定义,就会和原先的runnable并非同一个对象。所以这么做,加上static即可

static Handler handler = new Handler();
static Runnable myRunnable = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //执行我们的业务逻辑
        }
    };

这样,因为静态变量在内存中只有一个拷贝,保证runnable始终是同一个对象。

4.handlerThread

1)  handlerThread是什么?

(题外话:异步存在形式有thread,handlerThead,asyncTask,线程池,intentService)

handlerThread继承thread,不过内部比普通线程多了一个Looper

//内部Looper.prepare()
@Override
    public void run() {
        mTid = Process.myTid();
        Looper.prepare();
        synchronized (this) {
            mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
            notifyAll();
        }
        Process.setThreadPriority(mPriority);
        onLooperPrepared();
        Looper.loop();
        mTid = -1;
}

2)HandlerThread使用及销毁

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private HandlerThread thread;
    static Handler mHandler;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        //创建一个HandlerThread并启动它
        thread = new HandlerThread("MyHandlerThread");
        thread.start();

        //使用HandlerThread的looper对象创建Handler
        mHandler = new Handler(thread.getLooper(), new Handler.Callback() {
            @Override
            public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
                //这个方法是运行在 handler-thread 线程中的,可以执行耗时操作,因此不能更新ui,要注意
                if (msg.what == 0x1) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(3000);
                        Log.e("测试: ", "执行了3s的耗时操作");
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    //这个方法是运行在 handler-thread 线程中的,可以执行耗时操作,因此不能更新ui,要注意
//                    ((Button) MainActivity.this.findViewById(R.id.button)).setText("hello");
                }
                return false;
            }
        });

        //停止handlerthread接收事件
        findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                thread.quit();
            }
        });

        //运行
        mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0x1);
    }

}

上面demo中,只要调用了

mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0x1);

就会开始执行任务

几个地方要注意:

a.handleMessage()可以做耗时操作,但是不能更新ui

b.如果不手动的调用HandlerThread.quit()或者HandlerThread..quitSafely()方法,HandlerThread会将持续的接收新的任务事件。

c.只有handleMessage()方法执行完,这轮的任务才算完成,HandlerThread才会去执行下一个任务。而且在此次执行时,即使手动的去调用quit()方法,HandlerThread的此次任务也不会停止。但是,会停止下轮任务的接收。

举例:

//耗时任务换成这个,点击按钮执行quit()方法,发现此次任务依旧执行
for (int i = 0; i < 99999999; i++) {
    Log.e("测试: ", "输出" +i);
}

d.HandlerThread的2种停止接收事件的方法。

第一个就是quit(),实际上执行了MessageQueue中的removeAllMessagesLocked方法,该方法的作用是把MessageQueue消息池中所有的消息全部清空,无论是延迟消息(带Delayed的)还是非延迟消息。

第二个就是quitSafely(),执行了MessageQueue中的removeAllFutureMessagesLocked方法,该方法只会清空MessageQueue消息池中所有的延迟消息,并将消息池中所有的非延迟消息派发出去让Handler去处理,quitSafely相比于quit方法安全之处在于清空消息之前会派发所有的非延迟消息

MessageQueue中源码:

void quit(boolean safe) {
        if (!mQuitAllowed) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Main thread not allowed to quit.");
        }
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mQuitting) {
                return;
            }
            mQuitting = true;

            if (safe) {
                removeAllFutureMessagesLocked();
            } else {
                removeAllMessagesLocked();
            }
            // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting was previously false.
            nativeWake(mPtr);
        }
}
举例:

//quit方法后,即使发送新事件,也不会被接收
findViewById(R.id.button).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
              thread.quit();
              //发送新事件
              mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0x1);
        }
);

e.即使多次执行mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0x1),任务队列中的任务依然只能一个一个的被处理。上一任务结束,开始执行下一个。

日志显示:输出0-99的任务结束,才执行下个输出0-99的任务
08-09 20:17:05.552 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出95
08-09 20:17:05.552 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出96
08-09 20:17:05.552 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出97
08-09 20:17:05.552 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出98
08-09 20:17:05.552 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出99
08-09 20:17:05.718 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出0
08-09 20:17:05.718 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出1
08-09 20:17:05.719 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出2
08-09 20:17:05.719 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出3
08-09 20:17:05.719 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出4
08-09 20:17:05.719 12618-12762/com.bihucj.mcandroid E/测试:: 输出5

 

5.源码解析

说到源码,主要还是几个关键词。分别为Message,Looper,MessageQueue,Handler。还有Thread

先说Looper,MessageQueue,Handler3者关联的思路:

主线程-->prepareMainLooper()(内部调用prepare() ,去实例化Looper,Looper实例化同时创建了messagequeue,11对应关系)-->主线程中的handler获取当前线程的Looper-->3者关联

插播主线程ActivityThread:

public static void main(String[] args) {
        ......
        Looper.prepareMainLooper();

        ......
        //区别:子线程是创建handler;
        //主线程是通过getHandler()获取内部类实例
        if(sMainThreadHandler==null){
        sMainThreadHandler=thread.getHandler();
        }
        ......
}


private class H extends Handler{
   ......
}

子线程-->直接通过Looper.prepare()去实例化Looper,Looper实例化同时创建了messagequeue(11对应关系) -->实例化Handler同时获取当前子线程的Looper-->3者关联

1)Message消息

public final class Message implements Parcelable {

//用户定义的消息代码,以便接收者能够识别
public int what;

//arg1和arg2是使用成本较低的替代品-也可以用来存储int值
public int arg1;
public int arg2;

//存放任意类型的对象
public Object obj;

//消息触发时间
long when;

//消息携带内容
Bundle data;

//消息响应方
Handler target;

//消息管理器,会关联到一个handler
public Messanger replyTo;

//回调方法
Runnable callback;

//消息存储的链表。这样sPool就成为了一个Messages的缓存链表。
Message next;

//消息池
private static Message sPool;

//消息池的默认大小
private static final int MAX_POOL_SIZE = 50;


//从消息池中获取消息
public static Message obtain() {
    synchronized (sPoolSync) {
        if (sPool != null) {
            Message m = sPool; //从sPool的表头拿出Message
            sPool = m.next;  //将消息池的表头指向下一个Message
            m.next = null; //将取出消息的链表断开
            m.flags = 0; // 清除flag----flag标记判断此消息是否正被使用(下方isInUse方法)
            sPoolSize--; //消息池可用大小进行减1
            return m;
        }
    }
    return new Message(); //消息池为空-直接创建Message
}

//通过标记判断消息是否正被使用
boolean isInUse() {
   return ((flags & FLAG_IN_USE) == FLAG_IN_USE);
}

//5.0后为true,之前为false.
private static boolean gCheckRecycle = true;


public void recycle() {
  if (isInUse()) { 
     if (gCheckRecycle) { 
            throw new IllegalStateException("This message cannot be recycled because it is still in use.");
        }
        return;
    }
  recycleUnchecked();  //消息没在使用,回收
}


//对于不再使用的消息,加入到消息池
void recycleUnchecked() {
    //将消息标示位置为IN_USE,并清空消息所有的参数。
    flags = FLAG_IN_USE;
    what = 0;
    arg1 = 0;
    arg2 = 0;
    obj = null;
    replyTo = null;
    sendingUid = -1;
    when = 0;
    target = null;
    callback = null;
    data = null;
    synchronized (sPoolSync) {
        if (sPoolSize < MAX_POOL_SIZE) {
            next = sPool;  
            sPool = this; //当消息池没有满时,将Message加入消息池
            sPoolSize++; //消息池可用大小加1
        }
    }
}

2)Looper

 https://blog.csdn.net/woshiluoye9/article/details/72544764 (转)

插播ThreadLocal:

ThreadLocal是线程的局部变量, 是每一个线程所单独持有的,其他线程不能对其进行访问。

主线程和子线程中的Looper的初始化

public final class Looper {

//内部消息队列MessageQueue
final MessageQueue mQueue;

//Looper所在的线程
final Thread mThread;

//Looper的变量存储
static final ThreadLocal sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal();

//主looper
private static Looper sMainLooper;


//私有构造方法,不能通过New实例化。
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
        mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);//创建与其绑定的消息队列MessageQueue
        mThread = Thread.currentThread(); //绑定当前线程
}


//子线程的调用----->最终通过prepare(boolean)实例化Looper
public static void prepare() {
      prepare(true);
}


//主线程的调用----->最终通过prepare(boolean)实例化Looper
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
    prepare(false);
    synchronized (Looper.class) {
      if (sMainLooper != null) {
         throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
           }
            sMainLooper = myLooper();//存储区中looper作为主looper
        }
}

public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
        return sThreadLocal.get();
}


//quitAllowed代表是否允许退出,主线程调用为不允许退出,子线程为可退出
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
   if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
       //看出一个线程只能存在一个Looper-->则调用二次Looper.prepare抛出异常
       throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
    }
    sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));//Looper的变量存储+实例化Looper
}

Loop()方法,循环取出messagequeue消息队列中的消息,并分发出去。再把分发后的Message回收到消息池,以便重复利用。

public static void loop() {
    final Looper me = myLooper(); //从存储区拿出looper
    if (me == null) {
       throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
    }
    final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;  //获取Looper对象中的消息队列
    ......
    //进入loop的主循环方法
    for (;;) { 
        Message msg = queue.next(); //可能会阻塞 
        if (msg == null) { //没有消息,则退出循环
            return;
        }
        ......
        //target是handler,此处用于分发Message 
        msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); 
        ......
        msg.recycleUnchecked();  //将Message放入消息池
    }
}

Looper中的quit方法-->调用的还是messageQueue中的quit()

 public void quit() {
        mQueue.quit(false);
}

3)  MessageQueue消息队列

a)主要参数和构造方法

public final class MessageQueue {

//供native代码使用
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
private long mPtr;

//交给native层来处理的核心方法
private native static long nativeInit();
private native static void nativeDestroy(long ptr);
private native void nativePollOnce(long ptr, int timeoutMillis); //阻塞操作
private native static void nativeWake(long ptr);
private native static boolean nativeIsPolling(long ptr);
private native static void nativeSetFileDescriptorEvents(long ptr, int fd, int events);

Message mMessages;

//消息队列是否可以退出
private final boolean mQuitAllowed;


//构造方法
MessageQueue(boolean quitAllowed) {
        mQuitAllowed = quitAllowed;
        mPtr = nativeInit();  //通过native方法初始化消息队列,其中mPtr是供native代码使用
}

b)核心的next()方法

//不停提取下一条message
Message next() {
    final long ptr = mPtr;
    //判断是否退出消息循环
    if (ptr == 0) {
        return null;
    }
    int pendingIdleHandlerCount = -1; 
    //代表下一个消息到来前,还需要等待的时长
    int nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
    for (;;) {
        if (nextPollTimeoutMillis != 0) {
            Binder.flushPendingCommands();
        }
        //native层阻塞cpu。如果被阻塞,唤醒事件队列
        nativePollOnce(ptr, nextPollTimeoutMillis);
        synchronized (this) {
            final long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();        
            Message prevMsg = null;
            Message msg = mMessages;

            //如果当前消息是异步消息,都将赋值给prevMsg,过滤掉,直到取到了非异步消息
            if (msg != null && msg.target == null) {
              do {
                    prevMsg = msg;
                    msg = msg.next;
              } while (msg != null && !msg.isAsynchronous()); 
            }
            //获取到了非异步消息
            if (msg != null) {
                //任务执行时间大于现在的时间
                if (now < msg.when) {
                //设置下一次轮询的超时时长
        nextPollTimeoutMillis = (int) Math.min(msg.when - now, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
                } else {
                    mBlocked = false;//指定为非阻塞任务
                    if (prevMsg != null) {
                        prevMsg.next = msg.next;
                    } else {
                        mMessages = msg.next;
                    }
                    msg.next = null;
                    //设置消息的使用状态,即flags |= FLAG_IN_USE
                    msg.markInUse();
                    return msg;   //成功地获取MessageQueue中的下一条即将要执行的消息
                }
            } else {
                //表示消息队列中无消息,会一直等待下去
                nextPollTimeoutMillis = -1;
            }
            ......
            //IdleHandler为发现线程何时阻塞的回调接口
        for (int i = 0; i < pendingIdleHandlerCount; i++) {
            final IdleHandler idler = mPendingIdleHandlers[i];
            mPendingIdleHandlers[i] = null; //去除handler引用
            boolean keep = false;

        //queueIdle返回true会被空闲的处理器处理,false就会被移走
            try {
                keep = idler.queueIdle();  //idle时执行的方法
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                Log.wtf(TAG, "IdleHandler threw exception", t);
            }
            if (!keep) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    mIdleHandlers.remove(idler);  //被移走
                }
            }
        }
        //重置idle handler个数为0,保证不会再次重复运行
        pendingIdleHandlerCount = 0;
        nextPollTimeoutMillis = 0;
    }
}

next()方法中,做了异步Message消息的判断,特殊的是这个Message没有设置target,即msg.target为null。

c)核心的enqueueMessage()方法

boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
    // 每一个普通Message必须有一个target-handler
    if (msg.target == null) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
    }
    //已在使用状态
    if (msg.isInUse()) {
        throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
    }
    synchronized (this) {
        //消息在退出状态->被回收到消息池
        if (mQuitting) {  
            msg.recycle();
            return false;
        }
        //标记使用状态,记录执行时间
        msg.markInUse();
        msg.when = when;
        Message p = mMessages;
        boolean needWake;
        //p为null代表MessageQueue没有消息或者msg的触发时间是队列中最早的
        if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
            msg.next = p;
            mMessages = msg;
            needWake = mBlocked; //当阻塞时需要唤醒
        } else {
            //将消息按时间顺序插入到MessageQueue。
            needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
            Message prev;
            for (;;) {
                prev = p;
                p = p.next;
                if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                    break;
                }
                if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                    needWake = false;
                }
            }
            msg.next = p;
            prev.next = msg;
        }
        if (needWake) {
            nativeWake(mPtr);
        }
    }
    return true;
}

队列中的Message触发时间是有先后顺序的。当消息加入消息队列时,会从队列头开始遍历,直到找到消息应该插入的合适位置,以保证所有消息的时间顺序(内部遍历队列中Message,找到when比当前Message的when大的Message,将Message插入到该Message之前,如果没找到则将Message插入到队列最后)。一般是当前队列为空的情况下,next那边会进入睡眠,需要的时候MessageQueue这边会唤醒next方法。

d)removeMessages()和removeCallbacksAndMessages()方法

void removeMessages(Handler h, int what, Object object) {
    if (h == null) {
        return;
    }
    synchronized (this) {
        Message p = mMessages;
        //从消息队列的头部开始,移除所有符合条件的消息
        while (p != null && p.target == h && p.what == what
               && (object == null || p.obj == object)) {
            Message n = p.next;
            mMessages = n;
            p.recycleUnchecked();
            p = n;
        }
        //移除剩余的符合要求的消息
        while (p != null) {
            Message n = p.next;
            if (n != null) {
                if (n.target == h && n.what == what
                    && (object == null || n.obj == object)) {
                    Message nn = n.next;
                    n.recycleUnchecked();
                    p.next = nn;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            p = n;
        }
    }
}



void removeCallbacksAndMessages(Handler h, Object object) {
        if (h == null) {
            return;
        }
        synchronized (this) {
            Message p = mMessages;
            while (p != null && p.target == h
                    && (object == null || p.obj == object)) {
                Message n = p.next;
                mMessages = n;
                p.recycleUnchecked();
                p = n;
            }
            while (p != null) {
                Message n = p.next;
                if (n != null) {
                    if (n.target == h && (object == null || n.obj == object)) {
                        Message nn = n.next;
                        n.recycleUnchecked();
                        p.next = nn;
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                p = n;
            }
        }
}

4)Handler

a)主要参数和构造方法

public class Handler {

   
   final Looper mLooper;          
   final MessageQueue mQueue;   
   final Callback mCallback;    //回调
   final boolean mAsynchronous;  //是否异步消息
   IMessenger mMessenger;

  public interface Callback {
     //如果不需要进一步的处理,则返回True
     public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
  }

  //有参构造
  public Handler(Looper looper) {
    this(looper, null, false);
  }

    //有参构造
  public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) {
    mLooper = looper;
    mQueue = looper.mQueue;
    mCallback = callback;
    mAsynchronous = async;
  }

  public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
    //匿名类、内部类或本地类都必须申明为static,否则会警告可能出现内存泄露
    if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
        final Class klass = getClass();
        if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
            Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                klass.getCanonicalName());
        }
    }
    //从Looper类中的(ThreadLocal)获取Looper对象
    mLooper = Looper.myLooper();  
    if (mLooper == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException("");
    }
    mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; //Looper取出消息队列
    mCallback = callback;  //回调
    mAsynchronous = async; //设置消息是否为异步处理方式
   }   

b)消息的发送:

Handler用法及解析_第1张图片

1.post--->调用sendMessageDelayed
public final boolean post(Runnable r){
        return  sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
}

2.postAtTime--->调用sendMessageAtTime
public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, long uptimeMillis){
       return sendMessageAtTime(getPostMessage(r), uptimeMillis);
}

3.postAtTime--->调用sendMessageAtTime
public final boolean postAtTime(Runnable r, Object token, long uptimeMillis){
        return sendMessageAtTime(getPostMessage(r, token), uptimeMillis);
}

4.postDelayed--->调用sendMessageDelayed
public final boolean postDelayed(Runnable r, long delayMillis){
        return sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), delayMillis);
}

5.postAtFrontOfQueue--->调用sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue
public final boolean postAtFrontOfQueue(Runnable r){
        return sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(getPostMessage(r));
}

6.sendMessage--->调用sendMessageDelayed
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg){
        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}

7.sendEmptyMessage--->调用sendEmptyMessageDelayed
public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what){
        return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
}

8.sendEmptyMessageDelayed--->调用sendMessageDelayed
public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {
        Message msg = Message.obtain();
        msg.what = what;
        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);
}


9.sendEmptyMessageAtTime--->调用sendMessageAtTime
public final boolean sendEmptyMessageAtTime(int what, long uptimeMillis) {
        Message msg = Message.obtain();
        msg.what = what;
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, uptimeMillis);
}

10.sendMessageDelayed--->调用sendMessageAtTime
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis){
        if (delayMillis < 0) {
            delayMillis = 0;
        }
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}

11.sendMessageAtTime--->调用enqueueMessage
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}

12.sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue--->调用enqueueMessage
//FIXME 该方法通过设置消息的触发时间为0,从而使Message加入到消息队列的队头
public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0);
}

13.enqueueMessage调用MessageQueue中的enqueueMessage
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        msg.target = this;
        if (mAsynchronous) {
            msg.setAsynchronous(true);
        }
        //uptimeMillis为系统当前的运行时间
        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
if (mAsynchronous) {
     msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}

可以看到enqueueMessage方法时,每次都判断是否是异步消息。这就和MessageQueue中的Next()判断联系到了一起。

 

c)消息的移除--都会调用消息队列中的移除方法

public final void removeCallbacks(Runnable r){
        mQueue.removeMessages(this, r, null);
}


public final void removeCallbacks(Runnable r, Object token){
        mQueue.removeMessages(this, r, token);
}


public final void removeMessages(int what) {
        mQueue.removeMessages(this, what, null);
}


public final void removeMessages(int what, Object object) {
        mQueue.removeMessages(this, what, object);
}


public final void removeCallbacksAndMessages(Object token) {
        mQueue.removeCallbacksAndMessages(this, token);
}

d)handleMessage(处理消息)和 dispatchMessage(分发消息)

    //处理消息
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    }
    
    //分发消息
    public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {

            //当Message存在回调方法,回调方法msg.callback.run()
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {

            //当Handler存在Callback成员变量时,回调方法mCallback.handleMessage();
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }

            //Handler子类通过覆写该方法来完成具体的逻辑
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

优先级:

Message的回调方法>Handler的回调方法>Handler的默认方法

6.总结

  1. Handler通过sendMessage()方法发送Message到MessageQueue队列
  2. 当前Thread中Looper通过调用loop(),不断取出达到触发条件的Message,通过对应target(Handler)的dispatchMessage()方法,将Message交给Handler的handleMessage()方法来处理。
  3. 一个线程对应一个Looper,一个Looper对应一个MessageQueue,一个MessageQueue可以对用多个Message。但是一个Message只能让一个handler来处理(就是Message中target所指定的handler)。

 

参考:

handler发送异步消息:https://blog.csdn.net/cdecde111/article/details/54670136

https://blog.csdn.net/woshiluoye9/article/details/72544764

http://gityuan.com/2015/12/26/handler-message-framework/

https://blog.csdn.net/iispring/article/details/47180325

https://blog.csdn.net/milllulei/article/details/80927539

https://www.cnblogs.com/angeldevil/p/3340644.html

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