websocket工作原理

websocket工作原理

websocket是什么?

websocket是一套类似于http的协议。

扩展:

  http协议:\r\n分割、请求头和请求体\r\n分割、无状态、短连接。

{'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1',
 'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'gevent/1.4 Python/3.6',
 'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 
'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 
'wsgi.multithread': False, 
'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 
'wsgi.run_once': False, 
'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http',
 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='' mode='w' encoding=
'UTF-8'>, 
'SERVER_NAME': 'PC-20180312LANS',
 'SERVER_PORT': '9527',
 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 
'PATH_INFO': '/conn_ws', 
'QUERY_STRING': '', 
'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1', 
'REMOTE_ADDR': '192.168.xx.xxx',
 'REMOTE_PORT': '53449',
 'HTTP_HOST': '192.168.xx.xxx:9527',
 'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive', 
'HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS': '1',
 'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.121Safari/537.36',
 'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,
application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
 'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate', 
'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh,en-US;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,zh-CN;q=0.7', 'wsgi.input': , 'wsgi.input_terminated': True,
 'werkzeug.request': http://192.168.11.133:9527/conn_ws' [GET]>}
http协议:

  websocket协议:\r\n分割,创建连接后不断开、验证+数据加密;

{'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1', 
'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'gevent/1.4 Python/3.6',
 'SCRIPT_NAME': '', 
'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 
'wsgi.multithread': False, 
'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 
'wsgi.run_once': False, 
'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http',
 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='' mode='w' encoding=
'UTF-8'>, 
'SERVER_NAME': 'PC-20180312LANS',
 'SERVER_PORT': '9527', 'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET', 
'PATH_INFO': '/conn_ws', 'QUERY_STRING': '', 
'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1', 
'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1', 
'REMOTE_PORT': '53571',
 'HTTP_HOST': '127.0.0.1:9527', 
'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'Upgrade', 
'HTTP_PRAGMA': 'no-cache', 
'HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL': 'no-cache',
 'HTTP_UPGRADE': 'websocket', 
'HTTP_ORIGIN': 'http://localhost:63342', 
'HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_VERSION': '13',
 'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.121 Safari/537.36', 
'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate, br', 
'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh,en-US;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,zh-CN;q=0.7', 'HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_KEY': 'ET/SDQc1sI+uhxm+EjHLcw==', 'HTTP_SEC_WEBSOCKET_EXTENSIONS': 'permessage-deflate; client_max_window_bits', 
'wsgi.input': object at 0x0000000003BC9468>, 'wsgi.input_terminated': True, 
'wsgi.websocket_version': '13',
Websocket协议:

  其中主要不同的参数为:

'wsgi.websocket': object at 0x0000000003BC8528>,
'werkzeug.request': 'http://127.0.0.1:9527/conn_ws' [GET]>}

websocket本质:

  就是一个创建连接后不断开的socket,当连接成功之后:

  客户端(浏览器)会自动向服务端发送消息,包含: Sec-WebSocket-Key : jocLOLLq1BQWp0aZgEWL5A==

  通过header_dict["Sec-WebSocket-Key"] = i.split(":")[1].strip()返回一个header_dict字典

  服务端接收之后,会对于该数据进行加密:

value = headers['Sec-WebSocket-Key'] + magic_string
ac = base64.b64encode(hashlib.sha1(value.encode('utf-8')).digest())
其中:
magic_string = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11

 

构造响应头:

1 response_tpl = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\n" \
2                "Upgrade:websocket\r\n" \
3                "Connection: Upgrade\r\n" \
4                "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: %s\r\n" \
5                "WebSocket-Location: ws://127.0.0.1:9527\r\n\r\n"

 

发送客户端(浏览器)

  -建立:双工通道,接下来就可以进行收发数据  

  -发送的数据是经过加密数据,

  -解密根据payload_len的值进行处理:

  -payload_len <= 125

  -payload_len == 126

  -payload_len == 127

  获取内容:

  -mask_key

  数据

  根据mask_key和数据进行位运算,就可以把值解析出来。

 1 hashstr = b'\x81\x83\xceH\xb6\x85\xffz\x85'
 2 # b'\x81    \x83    \xceH\xb6\x85\xffz\x85'
 3 # 将第二个字节也就是 \x83 第9-16位 进行与127进行位运算
 4 # 127二进制为01111111 进行"与"位运算 结果是两个数的最小值
 5 payload = hashstr[1] & 127
 6 print(payload)
 7 if payload == 127:
 8      extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:10]
 9      mask = hashstr[10:14]
10      decoded = hashstr[14:]
11 # 当位运算结果等于127时,则第3-10个字节为数据长度
12 # 第11-14字节为mask 解密所需字符串
13 # 则数据为第15字节至结尾
14 
15 if payload == 126:
16      extend_payload_len = hashstr[2:4]
17      mask = hashstr[4:8]
18      decoded = hashstr[8:]
19 # 当位运算结果等于126时,则第3-4个字节为数据长度
20 # 第5-8字节为mask 解密所需字符串
21 # 则数据为第9字节至结尾
22  
23 if payload <= 125:
24      extend_payload_len = None
25      mask = hashstr[2:6]
26      decoded = hashstr[6:]
27  
28 # 当位运算结果小于等于125时,则这个数字就是数据的长度
29 # 第3-6字节为mask 解密所需字符串
30 # 则数据为第7字节至结尾
31  
32 str_byte = bytearray()
33  
34 for i in range(len(decoded)):
35      byte = decoded[i] ^ mask[i % 4]
36      str_byte.append(byte)
37  
38 print(str_byte.decode("utf8"))
解密:
 1 import struct
 2 msg_bytes = "hello".encode("utf8")
 3 token = b"\x81"
 4 length = len(msg_bytes)
 5 
 6 if length < 126:
 7     token += struct.pack("B", length)
 8 elif length == 126:
 9     token += struct.pack("!BH", 126, length)
10 else:
11     token += struct.pack("!BQ", 127, length)
12  
13 msg = token + msg_bytes
14  
15 print(msg)
加密:

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/HakunaMatata-/p/10581278.html

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