单元测试mockk
单元测试
基于kotlin的mockk: https://mockk.io/
Mockito: 侧重点是纯Java代码的测试：方法调用mock，指定方法行为，截取参数，截取Callback回调
PowerMock : 支持JUnit和TestNG，扩展了EasyMock和Mockito框架，增加了mock private、static、final方法的功能。
UI自动化测试框架：
Robolectric这是一个专门测试android系统类相关的东西的，比如UI点击事件，Actvity和Service等四大组件生命
周期，Dialog，Application，Bitmap，Resouce等进行行为测试，它之所以能测试他们，其实也是Mock了这些对
象，然后可以动态代理这些对象，不过他用的不是mock,而是ShadowXX，Android系统的每个几乎都有一个相对应
的ShadowXX，我们测试的时候得到对应的ShadowXX就可以像操作傀儡一样操纵原来的对象了，就连Loop都有
ShadowLoop专门用来测试的时候操作和调度线程的。
PowerMockito + Robolectric
Espresso
这里讲一下mockk对私用属性和方法的测试
public class Student {
private String name = null;
private String getName() {
return name;
}
private void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void run(String feed) {
System.out.println("run: " + feed);
String result = talk();
if (!TextUtils.equals(feed, result)) {
feed = result;
}
if (name != null) {
feed += " , " + name;
}
Log.i("@#@", "feed = " + feed);
System.out.println("run end: " + feed);
}
private String talk() {
System.out.println("talk");
return "talk or run";
}
}测试用例：
class StudentTest {
@ParameterizedTest
@CsvSource(
value = [
"true, true, talkOrRun", // equalsValue为true，后面两个参数没意义
"false, false, talkOrRun", // everyTalk为false，后面的参数没意义
"false, true, talkOrRun" // talkReturn 决定最后的日志结果
]
)
/**
* equalsValue 影响 run() 的输出是否和入参一致
* everyTalk 是否对 talk() 方法做every操作
* talkReturn talk() 方法做every操作时的返回值
*/
fun test_run(equalsValue: Boolean, everyTalk: Boolean, talkReturn: String) {
// solved io.mockk.MockKException: no answer found for: Context(#1).getApplicationContext()
// val mContextMock = mockk(relaxed = true)
mockkStatic(Log::class)
every { Log.i(any(), any()) } returns 0
mockkStatic(TextUtils::class)
every { TextUtils.equals(any(), any()) } returns equalsValue
val mockStudent = spyk(Student(), recordPrivateCalls = true)
// 设置私有属性的值
InternalPlatformDsl.dynamicSet(mockStudent, "name", "Nancy")
// 获取私有属性的值
Assert.assertEquals(InternalPlatformDsl.dynamicGet(mockStudent, "name"), "Nancy")
if (everyTalk) {
// every插桩，对方法设定返回值，talk()方法日志没打印
every { mockStudent.invokeNoArgs("talk") } returns talkReturn
}
// 调用私有方法返回值
var value = InternalPlatformDsl.dynamicCall(mockStudent, "getName", arrayOf()) { mockk() }
Assert.assertEquals(value, "Nancy")
println("value: $value\n")
// 调用私有方法设置值
InternalPlatformDsl.dynamicCall(mockStudent, "setName", arrayOf("newName")) { mockk() } // 后面参数是协程相关的参数这里用不上
// 调用私有方法返回值
value = InternalPlatformDsl.dynamicCall(mockStudent, "getName", arrayOf()) { mockk() }
println("new value: $value\n")
// 真实调用方法
mockStudent.run("feed")
// 验证是否执行私有方法
verify { mockStudent.invokeNoArgs("talk") }
}
} 对ui文件中对单测用例
public AutoBannerLayout(Context context) {
super(context);
onCreateView(context);
}
protected void initView(View contentView) {
adjustBannerHeight(mContentView);
mDotNumberView = contentView.findViewById(R.id.banner_dot);
mBannerViewPager = contentView.findViewById(R.id.banner_viewpager);
mBannerAdapter = new AutoBannerAdapter();
mBannerViewPager.setOnItemSelectedListener(new AutoBannerViewPager.OnItemSelectedListener() {
@Override
public void onItemSelected(int position) {
}
});
mBannerAdapter.setImageViewEventCallback(new AutoBannerAdapter.ImageViewEventCallback() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(int position) {
}
@Override
public void onItemLoadFailed(int position) {
}
});
mBannerViewPager.setAdapter(mBannerAdapter);
}public class AutoBannerAdapter extends PagerAdapter {
private final ArrayList mViewCaches = new ArrayList<>();
private List mBannerList = new ArrayList<>();
private ImageViewEventCallback imageViewEventCallback;
private static final int MULTIPLE_BANNER_SIZE = 60;
public void setData(List banners) {
mBannerList.clear();
mBannerList.addAll(banners);
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public Object instantiateItem(ViewGroup container, final int position) {
if (mBannerList != null && mBannerList.size() > 0) {
int realSize = getItemCount();
ImageView imageView = null;
stMetaBanner banner = mBannerList.get(position % realSize);
if (mViewCaches.isEmpty()) {
imageView = new ImageView(container.getContext());
ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT);
imageView.setLayoutParams(params);
imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_CENTER);
} else {
// 当缓存集合有数据时，复用，然后缓存不再持有它的引用
imageView = mViewCaches.remove(0);
}
if (banner == null && imageViewEventCallback != null) {
imageViewEventCallback.onItemLoadFailed(position % realSize);
return imageView;
}
loadCoverImage(position, realSize, imageView, banner);
imageView.setTag(R.id.tag_first, banner);
container.addView(imageView);
handleClickEvent(position, realSize, imageView);
return imageView;
}
return null;
}
/**
* 处理点击事件
*/
private void handleClickEvent(final int position, final int realSize, ImageView imageView) {
if (imageView == null) {
return;
}
imageView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (realSize == 0) {
return;
}
int realPosition = position % realSize;
if (imageViewEventCallback != null) {
imageViewEventCallback.onItemClick(realPosition);
}
}
});
}
} 单测用例
@Test
fun onCreateView() {
val contextMock = mockk(relaxed = true)
mockkStatic(LayoutInflater::class)
mockkStatic(DeviceUtils::class)
// Can't instantiate proxy via default constructor for class android.view.LayoutInflater
val layoutInflaterMock = mockk()
every { LayoutInflater.from(any()) } returns layoutInflaterMock
every { DeviceUtils.getScreenWidth() } returns 1
val contentViewMock = spyk(View(contextMock))
val dotNumberViewMock = mockk()
val autoBannerViewPagerMock = mockk()
every { contentViewMock.findViewById(R.id.banner_dot) as DotNumberView } returns dotNumberViewMock
every { contentViewMock.findViewById(R.id.banner_viewpager) as AutoBannerViewPager } returns autoBannerViewPagerMock
every { layoutInflaterMock.inflate(any(), any(), any()) } returns contentViewMock
every { contentViewMock.layoutParams } returns mockk()
every { contentViewMock.layoutParams = any() } just runs
every { autoBannerViewPagerMock.setOnItemSelectedListener(any()) } just runs
every { autoBannerViewPagerMock.adapter = any() } just runs
autoBannerViewPagerMock.setOnItemSelectedListener(AutoBannerViewPager.OnItemSelectedListener {
position -> println("onItemSelected: $position")
})
val autoBannerLayoutMock = spyk(AutoBannerLayout(contextMock) )
val autoBannerAdapterMock = InternalPlatformDsl.dynamicGet(autoBannerLayoutMock, "mBannerAdapter") as AutoBannerAdapter
Assert.assertNotNull(autoBannerAdapterMock)
every { dotNumberViewMock.visibility = any() } returns Unit
every { autoBannerViewPagerMock.visibility = any() } returns Unit
every { autoBannerViewPagerMock.stopAutoPlay() } returns Unit
val banner = stMetaBanner(0, "", "", 1, 1, "aaa");
val list = ArrayList()
list.add(banner)
autoBannerLayoutMock.setData(list, 0)
verify { autoBannerViewPagerMock.stopAutoPlay() }
}
@Test
fun instantiateItem() {
val autoBannerViewPagerMock = spyk(AutoBannerAdapter())
val banner = stMetaBanner(0, "bbb", "单元测试", 1, 1, "aaa");
val list = ArrayList()
list.add(banner)
// 设置私有属性的值
InternalPlatformDsl.dynamicSet(autoBannerViewPagerMock, "mBannerList", list)
every { autoBannerViewPagerMock.instantiateItem(any(), any()) } returns mockk()
every { autoBannerViewPagerMock.invoke("loadCoverImage") withArguments listOf(any(), any(), any(), any()) } returns Unit
every { autoBannerViewPagerMock.invoke("handleClickEvent") withArguments listOf(any(), any(), any()) } answers { }
val viewGroupMock = mockk()
val result = autoBannerViewPagerMock.instantiateItem(viewGroupMock, 0)
Assert.assertTrue(result is ImageView)
}
@Test
fun handleClickEvent() {
// objMock should be mock or a spy to call every { ... } block on it.
// objMock should be mock or a spy to call verify { ... } block on it.
val autoBannerViewPagerMock = spyk(AutoBannerAdapter())
val banner = stMetaBanner(0, "bbb", "单元测试", 1, 1, "aaa");
val list = ArrayList()
list.add(banner)
// 设置私有属性的值
InternalPlatformDsl.dynamicSet(autoBannerViewPagerMock, "mBannerList", list)
val imageViewEventCallback = object : AutoBannerAdapter.ImageViewEventCallback {
override fun onItemLoadFailed(position: Int) {
}
override fun onItemClick(position: Int) {
println("onItemClick")
}
}
autoBannerViewPagerMock.setImageViewEventCallback(imageViewEventCallback)
val imageViewMock = spyk(ImageView(mockk()))
InternalPlatformDsl.dynamicCall(autoBannerViewPagerMock, "handleClickEvent", arrayOf(0, 1, imageViewMock)) { mockk() }
every { imageViewMock.callOnClick() }.run { imageViewEventCallback.onItemClick(0) }
// io.mockk.MockKException: no answer provided for ImageView(#3).callOnClick())
every { imageViewMock.callOnClick() } returns true
// imageViewMock是mock的对象，单独调用有返回值的方法时，需求提前声明返回值
// 这里的测试没意义，不是执行原文件中的回调
imageViewMock.callOnClick()
}