Python基础编程——实验室药品管理系统
简单介绍
主要涉及变量和数值类型、列表操作、字典操作、if语句、for、while循环、输入以及文件和异常，不包含装饰器等～
功能实现
- 文件导入和手工写入药品
- 查找信息和领用药品
- 显示所有信息——多种排序方式
- 显示库存不足的信息
- 显示领用后的登记信息
功能演示
小破站功能演示视频
代码如下_可直接运行
import time
import os
import random
import uuid
class Storage:
def __init__(self):
self.main()
def main(self):
# 定义主菜单
exit_main = False
while not exit_main:
i = os.system('cls')
self.menu_screen()
cho = input(" 选择对应的功能(0-5)：")
if cho in "1,2,3,4,5,0":
if cho == '1':
print("\n\n《《录入信息》》")
i = os.system('cls')
while True:
cho1 = input("""
╔──── 输入'q'or'Q'返回上一级
│ 1.从文件导入
│ 2.手动多个依次录入
│ 3.手动单个依次录入
╚───────────────────────
选择对应的功能：""")
i = os.system('cls')
if cho1 == '1':
i = os.system('cls')
self.input_txt()
elif cho1 == '2':
i = os.system('cls')
self.insert_many_info()
elif cho1 == '3':
i = os.system('cls')
self.insert_si_info()
elif cho1.lower() == 'q':
i = os.system('cls')
break
elif cho == '2':
i = os.system('cls')
print("\n\n《《查找药品》》")
self.search()
elif cho == '3':
i = os.system('cls')
print("\n\n《《显示所有信息》》")
self.sort_info()
elif cho == '4':
i = os.system('cls')
print("\n\n《《显示库存量较少的药品信息》》")
self.show_surp()
elif cho == '5':
i = os.system('cls')
print("\n\n《《查看登记信息》》")
self.show_sign()
elif cho == '0':
i = os.system('cls')
self.exit_sys()
exit_re = input("仔细看看这个顶，这是本系统的第一个彩蛋\n\n按enter退出")
if not exit_re:
exit_main = True
else:
print("选择错误，对应0-5！", end="")
continue
# 主菜单界面
def menu_screen(self):
print("""
╔──── 药品出入库本地管理系统
│ =================功能菜单=====
│ 1. 录入药品信息
│ 2. 查找领取药品
│ 3. 显示所有药品
│ 4. 显示需要增补的药品
│ 5. 查看登记表
│ 0. 退出
│ v 1.0.0.0.0
│
╚─────────────── by:真礼箴a 2020-02-02
""")
# 导入的信息保存至文件
def save(self,in_list, type="a"):
with open("药品信息录入表.txt", type) as allfile:
for info in in_list:
allfile.write("\n" + str(info))
print("导入成功")
# 产生随机id定义录入药品信息函数
def random_str(self,num=6):
uln = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'
rs = random.sample(uln, num) # 生成一个 指定位数的随机字符串
a = uuid.uuid1() # 根据 时间戳生成 uuid , 保证全球唯一
b = ''.join(rs + str(a).split("-")) # 生成将随机字符串 与 uuid拼接
return b # 返回随机字符串
# 单个信息录入
def insert_si_info(self):
in_list = []
exit_insert = False
while not exit_insert:
dic = {}
print("\n\n 依次输入以下信息，不可后退更改，注意！！！")
name = input("""
╔──── 输入'q'or'Q'返回上一级.\n\n 名字：(氢氧化钠)""")
if not name:
print(" 输入不可为空，仔细看一看")
continue
if name.lower() != 'q':
typ = input("\n 类别：(有机/无机/醇/醚等)")
try:
num = float(input("\n 数量：(1、2、3)"))
num_unit = input("\n 数量单位：(瓶/桶/箱)")
if not num_unit:
print(" 输入不可为空，仔细看一看")
continue
modle = float(input("\n 规格：(250/500/1000)"))
except ValueError:
print(" 输入类型错误，仔细看一看")
continue
modle_unit = (input("\n 规格单位：(ml/l/mg/g)"))
if not modle_unit:
print(" 输入不可为空，仔细看一看")
continue
time_insert = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime(time.time()))
locat = input("\n 存放位置：")
if not locat:
print(" 输入不可为空，仔细看一看")
continue
total = num * modle
surp = num * modle - 0
sur_per = surp / total
info_id = self.random_str()
dic = {
"name": name, "typ": typ, "num": num, "num_unit": num_unit,
"modle": modle, "time_insert": time_insert, "locat": locat, "modle_unit": modle_unit,
"used": 0, "total": num * modle, "surp": num * modle - 0, "sur_per": sur_per, "id": info_id}
in_list.append(dic)
print(f" 已加入“{dic['name']}”信息")
exit_insert = True
save_active = True
else:
exit_insert = True
save_active = False
if save_active:
self.save(in_list)
else:
pass
# 多个信息录入
def insert_many_info(self):
in_list = []
in_name = []
exit_insert = False
while not exit_insert:
dic = {}
i = 1
print(f" 依次输入以下信息，不可后退更改，注意！！！\n\n 第{i}条信息")
name = input("""
╔──── 输入's'or'S'停止录入.\n 名字：(氢氧化钠)""")
if not name:
print(" 输入不可为空，仔细看一看")
continue
if name.lower() == 's':
break
typ = input(" 类别：(有机/无机/醇/醚等)")
try:
num = float(input(" 数量：(1、2、3)"))
num_unit = input(" 数量单位：(瓶/桶/箱)")
if not num_unit:
print(" 输入不可为空，仔细看一看")
continue
modle = float(input(" 规格：(250/500/1000)"))
except ValueError:
print(" 输入类型错误，仔细看一看")
continue
modle_unit = (input(" 规格单位：(ml/l/mg/g)"))
if not modle_unit:
print(" 输入不可为空，仔细看一看")
continue
time_insert = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime(time.time()))
locat = input(" 存放位置：")
if not locat:
print(" 输入不可为空，仔细看一看")
continue
total = num * modle
surp = num * modle - 0
sur_per = surp / total
info_id = self.random_str()
dic = {
"name": name, "typ": typ, "num": num, "num_unit": num_unit,
"modle": modle, "time_insert": time_insert, "locat": locat, "modle_unit": modle_unit,
"used": 0, "total": num * modle, "surp": num * modle - 0, "sur_per": sur_per, "id": info_id}
in_list.append(dic)
in_name.append(dic['name'])
i += 1
print("已加入以下信息")
print(*in_name, sep="\n")
self.save(in_list)
# 从文件中导入
def input_txt(self):
"""批量将外部的一个文件导入为列表，再遍历列表，写入字典，添加到列表，转化为字符串写入文本"""
in_list = []
tet_name = input("""
╔──── 输入'q'or'Q'返回上一级.
输入当前路径下需导入的文件名字：""")
if tet_name.lower() != 'q':
tet_name1 = tet_name + ".txt"
if os.path.exists(tet_name1):
with open(tet_name1, "r") as allfile:
nefile = allfile.readlines()
count = 1
for info in nefile:
print("已成功加载")
print(info.strip().split("\t"))
info_list = (info.strip().split("\t"))
if info_list[0] != '类别':
name = info_list[1]
typ = info_list[0]
num = float(info_list[2])
num_unit = info_list[3]
modle = float(info_list[5])
modle_unit = info_list[6]
time_insert = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime(time.time()))
locat = info_list[4]
total = num * modle
info_id = self.random_str()
used = 100
surp = total - used
sur_per = surp / total
count += 1
dic = {
"name": name, "typ": typ, "num": num, "num_unit": num_unit,
"modle": modle, "time_insert": time_insert, "locat": locat, "modle_unit": modle_unit,
"used": used, "total": total, "surp": surp, "sur_per": sur_per, "id": info_id}
in_list.append(dic)
print(f"\n\n ===================本次录入{count}条信息========================")
self.save(in_list)
else:
print("名字输入有误，检查后重新输入", end="")
self.input_txt()
else:
pass
# 领用修改余量
def motify_info(self,info_id, num1, name):
sign_active = True
try:
num = float(num1)
save_list = []
nefile = []
with open("药品信息录入表.txt", "r") as allfile:
nefile = allfile.readlines()
con = True
for info in nefile:
if info != '\n':
dic = dict(eval(info))
# 判断领用是否大于当前药品剩余量
if dic['id'] == info_id:
if dic['surp'] >= num:
print(f" 已领用{num}{dic['modle_unit']}")
dic['surp'] = dic['surp'] - num
dic['used'] = dic['used'] + num
dic['num'] = dic['total'] / dic['modle']
dic['sur_per'] = dic['surp'] / dic['total']
modle = dic["modle_unit"]
print(f" 当前余量{dic['surp']}{dic['modle_unit']}")
if dic["surp"] > 0:
save_list.append(dic)
else:
print("=" * 20)
print(f" “{dic['name']}”被领用完，及时补充")
print("=" * 20)
save_list.append(dic)
else:
print(f"\n\n {name}的领取量超出当前选择的药品的总量，请检查后重新输入")
sign_active = False
pass
else:
save_list.append(dic)
except ValueError:
print("\n\n 输入的类型错误，请按照要求重新输入")
if sign_active:
sign = input("\n\n 请输入领用者姓名：")
time_insert = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime(time.time()))
print(f"""
{sign}领用了“{name}”共{num}{modle}!
{time_insert}
""")
com_si = {}
a = f"""{sign}\t“{name}”\t{num}{modle}\t{time_insert}"""
self.save(save_list, "w")
self.save_sign(a)
ex = input(
"\n\n ===========\n 任意键退出\n ===========\n")
# 保存签名
def save_sign(self,a):
if os.path.exists("登记表.txt"):
with open("登记表.txt", "a") as alfile:
alfile.write(a + "\n")
print("登记成功")
else:
with open("登记表.txt", "a") as alfile:
alfile.write("姓名\t领用药品\t领用量\t领用日期\n")
alfile.write(a + "\n")
print("登记成功")
# 查询信息
def search(self):
with open("药品信息录入表.txt", "r") as allfile:
nefile = allfile.readlines()
sear_re = []
while True:
sear_name = input("\n 输入'q'or'Q'退出\n 输入要查询的名字：")
if sear_name.lower() == 'q':
break
for info in nefile:
if info != '\n':
dic = dict(eval(info))
if dic["name"] == sear_name:
sear_re.append(dic)
print(" ================================\n查找到%d条与“%s”相关的药品信息\n" % (
len(sear_re), sear_name))
ii = 0
if len(sear_re) > 0:
print("序号\t类别\t药品名\t总量\t余量\t存放地\t数量\t规格\t入库时间")
for i in sear_re:
ii += 1
print(f"{ii}.\t{i['typ']}\t{i['name']}\t{i['total']}\t{i['surp']}\t{i['locat']}\t{i['num']}{i['num_unit']}"
f"\t{i['modle']}{i['modle_unit']}\t\t{i['time_insert']}")
con_sel = input("\n\n ================================是否继续查找其他药品('y'继续，其他按键取消)")
if con_sel.lower() != 'y':
break
fun_sel = input(
" ╔──── 输入'q'or'Q'返回上一级\n\n 1.领用\n\n 2.就看看\n")
if fun_sel.lower() != 'q':
if fun_sel == '1':
if len(sear_re) == 1:
sel_reu_str = input(" 输入需要领用药品的量：")
dic1 = sear_re[0]
dic_name = dic1["name"]
print(dic_name)
dic_num = float(sel_reu_str)
dic_id = dic1["id"]
print(dic_num)
print(" 领一个")
self.motify_info(dic_id, dic_num, dic_name)
else:
sel_reu_str = input(
" 输入需要领用的药品序号及用量，逗号分隔》如：1，500，4，300\n ")
# 转换为列表
sel_reu_list = sel_reu_str.split("，")
if len(sel_reu_list) == 1:
sel_reu_list = sel_reu_str.split(",")
# 第一次从列表里取出来0 和1 的元素，0元素的内容作为上一次搜索出来的结果序号，取出结果列表的字典，并将字典里的id和name取出向下传递。
# 而1对应的元素则转换为float直接传递下去
i = 0
a = len(sel_reu_list) // 2
if len(sel_reu_list) // 2 == 1:
print("领一个")
b = int(sel_reu_list[0]) - 1
dic1 = sear_re[b]
dic_name = dic1["name"]
dic_id = dic1["id"]
dic_num = float(sel_reu_list[1])
self.motify_info(dic_id, dic_num, dic_name)
else:
for ti in range(0, a):
dic_name = int(sel_reu_list[i])
dic1 = sear_re[dic_name - 1]
dic_name = dic1["name"]
dic_id = dic1["id"]
print(dic_name)
dic_num = float(sel_reu_list[i + 1])
print(dic_num)
self.motify_info(dic_id, dic_num, dic_name)
i += 2
elif fun_sel == '2':
print("就看看")
else:
pass
# 所有信息排序
def sort_info(self):
if not os.path.exists("药品信息录入表.txt"):
print(
"\n\n ====================================\n 当前没有录入任何药品信息\n ====================================")
else:
with open("药品信息录入表.txt", "r") as allfile:
list1 = []
nefile = allfile.readlines()
print(" 当前共有%d条药品信息" % len(nefile))
for info in nefile:
if info != '\n':
dic = dict(eval(info))
list1.append(dic)
while True:
sort_select = input(
"\n\n ╔──── 输入'q'or'Q'返回上一级\n\n 选择排序类型(1类别，2名称，3余量，4总量，5入库时间)：")
if sort_select == '1':
list1.sort(key=lambda x: x['typ'])
elif sort_select == '2':
list1.sort(key=lambda x: x['time_insert'])
elif sort_select == '3':
list1.sort(key=lambda x: x['surp'])
elif sort_select.lower() == 'q':
break
else:
print(" 输入有误，重新输入1-3")
self.show_info(list1)
# 显示列表中的信息
def show_info(self,info_list):
if not info_list:
print(" 无数据信息")
print("=" * 95)
# TODO 使其输出排列整齐
print("序号\t类别", "\t" "名称", '\t\t' "存放位置", '\t\t' "余量", '\t\t' "总量", '\t\t' "入库时间")
print("=" * 95)
i = 1
for info in info_list:
print(
f"{i}.\t{info.get('typ')}\t{info.get('name')}\t\t{info.get('locat')}\t\t{info.get('surp')}\t\t{info.get('total')}\t\t{info.get('time_insert')}")
i += 1
def show_surp(self):
sp_li = []
if not os.path.exists("药品信息录入表.txt"):
print(
"\n\n ====================================\n 当前没有录入任何药品信息信息\n ====================================")
else:
with open("药品信息录入表.txt", "r") as allfile:
nefile = allfile.readlines()
for info in nefile:
if info != '\n':
dic = dict(eval(info))
if dic['sur_per'] < 0.2:
sp_li.append(dic)
if len(sp_li) != 0:
ii = 1
print("\n ╔──── 以下药品库存紧张，如果需要，请及时补充")
print(
"\n │ ====================================\n │ 名称\t\t余量\t\t余量百分比")
for i in sp_li:
dic = dict(i)
print(f" │ {dic['name']}\t\t{dic['surp']}{dic['modle_unit']}\t\t{dic['sur_per'] * 100}%│")
ii += 1
else:
print("\n\n =================================\n 当前没有需要补充的药品\n =================================\n\n\n")
input("\n\n =================================\n 任意键退出\n =================================\n\n\n")
def exit_sys(self):
print("""
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""")
def show_sign(self):
if not os.path.exists("登记表.txt"):
print(
"\n\n ====================================\n 当前没有任何登记信息\n ====================================")
else:
with open("登记表.txt", 'r') as allfile:
nefile = allfile.readlines()
ne_li = []
for i in nefile:
i = str(i)
i = i.split("\t")
ne_li.append(i)
ne_li.sort(key=lambda x: x[3])
print(
"\n\n ====================================\n 领用人\t药品名\t领取量\t领取日期\n ====================================")
for i in ne_li:
print(f" {i[0]}\t{i[1]}\t{i[2]}\t{i[3]}", end="")
input("enter键退出")
# 实例化对象
a = Storage()
致谢
感谢大家的阅读，里面还有过很多需要优化的地方，但是在我们实验室这些功能已经够用了，因此就不继续改了。 ^ _ ^