用安卓控件ListView写一个简单的学生列表

一.思路与效果图

思路：

ListView的应用
使用SimpAdapter创建ListVieiew
步骤：
1.使用ListView控件
2.创建条目（item）布局文件
3.数据（LIst>类型）准备
4.创建SimpAdapter对象
5.ListView类型变量关联控件ListView控件
6.为ListView设置SimpAdapter

效果图：

二.右键新建ListView控件

*新建完成后的item_layout.xml代码块

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    >
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_item_stuNum"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="26sp"
        android:layout_weight="3"
        android:gravity="center"
        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_item_name"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="26sp"
        android:layout_weight="2"
        android:gravity="center"
        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_item_gender"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="26sp"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:gravity="center"
        />
</LinearLayout>

activity_main_XML代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_title_main_stuNum"      
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="学号"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/tv_title_main_name"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_weight="3"
        android:gravity="center"
        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_title_main_name"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="姓名"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/tv_title_main_stuNum"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toLeftOf="@id/tv_title_main_gender"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_weight="2"
        android:gravity="center"
        />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_title_main_gender"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="性别"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toRightOf="@id/tv_title_main_name"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_weight="1"
        />
    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/lv_content"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/tv_title_main_gender"
        />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

JAVA代码

package com.example.listview01;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.SimpleAdapter;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

//    5.ListView类型变量关联控件ListView控件
    private ListView listView=null;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//      调用方法（5）
        getViews();
//        学号
        String[] stuNums=new String[]{"202001-D-01","202001-D-02","202001-D-03","202001-D-04","202001-D-05"};
//        姓名
        String[] stuNames=new String[]{"小赵","小钱","小孙","小李","小王"};
//        性别
        String[] genders=new String[]{"男","男","男","女","女"};

//        3.数据（LIst>类型）准备
        List<Map<String,Object>> items=new ArrayList <Map<String,Object>>();
        for (int i=0;i<stuNames.length;i++){
            Map<String,Object> item=new HashMap<String,Object>();
            item.put("stuNo",stuNums[i]);
            item.put("name",stuNames[i]);
            item.put("gender",genders[i]);
            items.add(item);
        }
//        5.ListView类型变量关联控件ListView控件
        String []form=new String[]{"stuNo","name","gender"};
        int[]to=new int[]{R.id.tv_item_stuNum,R.id.tv_item_name,R.id.tv_item_gender};

//        4.创建SimpAdapter对象
        SimpleAdapter simpleAdapter=new SimpleAdapter(this,items,R.layout.item_layout,form,to);
//        (this(内容上下文),items（集合类型的数据）,R.layout.item_layout（条目布局文件资源）,form（item标签名）,to（控件ID数据）);

//        6.为ListView设置SimpAdapter
        listView.setAdapter(simpleAdapter);
    }
//    5.ListView类型变量关联控件ListView控件-利用一个方法关联
    private void getViews(){
        listView=findViewById(R.id.lv_content);
    }
}