Oracle - 数据库打补丁最佳实践

一、概述

本文将介绍如何给oracle数据库打最新补丁，数据库版本为11.2.0.4单实例，操作系统为redhat6.5

二、下载相关升级包

1. 登录MOS，查阅(ID 2118136.2)，下载最新补丁包

PSU (Patch Set Update)，数据库补丁

2. 搜索"Patch 6880880"，下载最新opatch

opatch是安装补丁的程序，数据库软件安装完成后，就自带了opatch，但是版本太旧了，所以这里下载最新的opatch

至此已下载两个文件
p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip：opatch升级包
p29913194_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip：数据库补丁

三、升级opatch

opatch的升级比较简单，就是个文件覆盖

3. 查看原始opatch信息

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
[oracle@orasingle OPatch]$ ./opatch version  # 查看版本信息

OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.4

OPatch succeeded.

[oracle@orasingle OPatch]$ ./opatch lsinventory  # 查看打补丁的情况

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.4
Copyright (c) 2012, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.4
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2019-12-25_14-26-47PM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2019-12-25_14-26-47PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g                                                  11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
There are no Interim patches installed in this Oracle Home.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.

4. 备份原opatch

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@orasingle db_1]$ mv OPatch OPatch.bak

5. 解压新下载的opatch包

将下载的opatch包上传到oracle的家目录
[oracle@orasingle db_1]$ cd ~
[oracle@orasingle ~]$ unzip p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip -d $ORACLE_HOME

6. 再来查看opatch信息

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
[oracle@orasingle OPatch]$ ./opatch version  # 查看版本信息

OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.21

OPatch succeeded.

至此opatch升级完毕

四、打数据库补丁

7. 关闭em、监听、数据库

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ emctl stop dbconsole  # 如果没有开启em，这步可以跳过

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ lsnrctl stop

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> exit

8. 解压新下载的补丁包

将下载的补丁包上传到oracle的家目录
[oracle@orasingle ~]$ cd ~
[oracle@orasingle ~]$ unzip p29913194_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

9. 校验该补丁包是否与之前的补丁有冲突

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ cd 29913194
[oracle@orasingle 29913194]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -ph ./

Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.21
Copyright (c) 2019, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

PREREQ session

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.21
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2019-12-25_14-46-26PM_1.log

Invoking prereq "checkconflictagainstohwithdetail"

Prereq "checkConflictAgainstOHWithDetail" passed.

OPatch succeeded.

由于这个测试库之前并没有打什么补丁，所以这里就不可能有补丁冲突的问题，如果这里显示有冲突，再去mos上查找相关解决方案。

10. 正式升级

[oracle@orasingle 29913194]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply

这里要输入3次y和一次回车，这个是时间耗时比较久的，耐心等待

升级完成后报上面的错误，通过查阅mos(ID 2265726.1)，可知这个错误可以被忽略

11. 再次查看打补丁的情况

[oracle@orasingle 29913194]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch lsinventory  # 查看打补丁的情况

内容较多，略

12. 启动数据库，并运行sql文件

[oracle@orasingle 29913194]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
[oracle@orasingle admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
SQL> @catbundle.sql psu apply
SQL> quit

13. 启动监听、em

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@orasingle ~]$ emctl start dbconsole  # 如果没有开启em，这步可以跳过

至此数据库打补丁已全部完成！

五、回退数据库补丁

数据库在做变更时，当然要考虑回退方案了，接下来介绍如何回退数据库补丁

14. 关闭em、监听、数据库

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ emctl stop dbconsole  # 如果没有开启em，这步可以跳过

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ lsnrctl stop

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> exit

15. 回退补丁

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch rollback -id 29913194

这里要输入一次y，时间比较久，耐心等待

这里提示warning，查阅mos(ID 1448337.1)，得知可以忽略

16. 启动数据库，并运行sql文件

[oracle@orasingle 29913194]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
[oracle@orasingle admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
SQL> @catbundle_PSU_ORCLTEST_ROLLBACK.sql  # 注意这里可能每个人都不一样，orcltest是我的实例名
SQL> quit

17. 再查看打补丁的情况

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
[oracle@orasingle OPatch]$ ./opatch lsinventory  # 查看打补丁的情况

OPatch Version: 11.2.0.3.21

OPatch succeeded.
[oracle@orasingle OPatch]$ ./opatch lsinv
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.21
Copyright (c) 2019, Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 11.2.0.3.21
OUI version       : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2019-12-25_16-15-41PM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2019-12-25_16-15-41PM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Machine Information::
Hostname: orasingle
ARU platform id: 226
ARU platform description:: Linux x86-64
Installed Top-level Products (1):
Oracle Database 11g                                                  11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 products installed in this Oracle Home.
There are no Interim patches installed in this Oracle Home.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.

可以看到补丁都被卸载了

18. 启动监听和em

[oracle@orasingle ~]$ lsnrctl start
[oracle@orasingle ~]$ emctl start dbconsole  # 如果没有开启em，这步可以跳过

六、总结

本文给大家介绍了最简单的单实例数据库打补丁步骤，仅作参考，实际应以补丁包中的readme为准。