0-1BFS用来解决:边权值为0或1,或者能够转化为这种边权值的最短路问题,时间复杂度为O(E+V).
0-1BFS,从队列front中去除点u,遍历u的所有边,如果当前边可以进行relax操作,则relax,然后判断level,若level相同,放到队列的front,否则,放到back,队列采用双端队列deque。
实际上跟最短路挺像。
另外:由于松弛操作的存在,0-1bfs可以去掉vis数组,而且速度会更快。
SPOJKATHTHI KATHTHI
题目链接
题解,赤裸裸的0-1bfs
#include
#define MEM(a,x) memset(a,x,sizeof(a));
#define MEMINF(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int MAXN=1e3+10;
const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
const int MOD=1000000007;
int dp[MAXN][MAXN];
char mp[MAXN][MAXN];
bool vis[MAXN][MAXN];
int dx[]={0,1,0,-1};
int dy[]={1,0,-1,0};
int n,m;
struct Node {
int x;
int y;
int step;
}now,nex;
dequeq;
void bfs() {
dp[0][0]=0;
now.x=0,now.y=0;
now.step=0;
q.push_front(now);
while(!q.empty()) {
now=q.front();
q.pop_front();
for (int i=0; i<4; ++i) {
nex=now;
nex.x+=dx[i];
nex.y+=dy[i];
if (nex.x<0||nex.x>=n||nex.y<0||nex.y>=m)continue;
nex.step=1;
if (mp[now.x][now.y]==mp[nex.x][nex.y]) nex.step=0;
if (dp[now.x][now.y]+nex.step>T;
while(T--) {
scanf("%d %d",&n,&m);
for (int i=0; i
UVA11573 Ocean Currents
题目
题意:给你一张图,0-7代表不同的海浪方向,你从一点可像周围8个方向移动,逆流耗费1点体力,顺流不耗,给你起点终点,问最小体力花费。
题解:当要走的点跟当前点海浪方向相同,relax内不用加1,否则加1(花费),而0-1判断为,当海浪方向相同时,优先走,放入队前,否则放入队后。
#include
#define MEM(a,x) memset(a,x,sizeof(a));
#define MEMINF(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int MAXN=1e3+10;
const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
int dx[8]={-1,-1,0,1,1,1,0,-1};
int dy[8]={0,1,1,1,0,-1,-1,-1};
struct Node {
int x,y;
}s,t,now,nex;
bool vis[MAXN][MAXN];
int dis[MAXN][MAXN];
int n,m,k;
char mp[MAXN][MAXN];
void bfs() {
dequeq;
q.push_front(s);
dis[s.x][s.y]=0;
while (!q.empty()) {
now=q.front();
q.pop_front();
if (now.x==t.x&&now.y==t.y) break;
if (vis[now.x][now.y]) continue;
vis[now.x][now.y]=1;
for (int i=0; i<8; ++i) {
nex=now;
nex.x+=dx[i];
nex.y+=dy[i];
if (nex.x<1||nex.x>n||nex.y<1||nex.y>m) continue;
int flag=0;
if (mp[now.x][now.y]-'0'==i) flag=1;
if (dis[now.x][now.y]+!flag>n>>m;
for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i)
scanf("%s",mp[i]+1);
cin>>k;
for (int i=0; i
Codeforces 590C Three States
题目
题意:给你一张n×m的图,#不可修路,‘.' 可修路,1,2,3分别代表三个不同国家的城市(可以有多个),问最少修多少个方格的路能把所有国家联通。
题解:对每个国家进行bfs,找出其任意城市到每一点最少需要修多少个方格的路,然后最后对三种不同国家遍历相加,找出三国到一点最少花费和,(若这一点为‘.'则要减去2避免重复),0-1判断为,优先不是点的路,避免增加花费,放入队前,否则放入队后。
#include
#define MEM(a,x) memset(a,x,sizeof(a));
#define MEMINF(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int MAXN=1e3+10;
const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
const int MOD=1000000007;
char mp[MAXN][MAXN];
bool vis[MAXN][MAXN];
int dis[4][MAXN][MAXN];
int dx[]={0,1,0,-1};
int dy[]={1,0,-1,0};
int n,m;
struct Node {
int x,y;
}now,nex;
void bfs(int num) {
MEMINF(dis[num]);
MEM(vis,0);
dequeq;
Node s;
for (int i=1 ; i<=n; ++i) {
for (int j=1; j<=m; ++j) {
if (mp[i][j]==num+'0') {
s.x=i;
s.y=j;
q.push_front(s);
dis[num][i][j]=0;
}
}
}
while(!q.empty()) {
now=q.front();
q.pop_front();
if (vis[now.x][now.y]) continue;
vis[now.x][now.y]=true;
for (int i=0; i<4; ++i) {
nex=now;
nex.x+=dx[i];
nex.y+=dy[i];
if (nex.x<1||nex.x>n||nex.y<1||nex.y>m||mp[nex.x][nex.y]=='#') continue;
int step=0;
if (mp[nex.x][nex.y]=='.') step=1;
if (dis[num][nex.x][nex.y]>dis[num][now.x][now.y]+step){
dis[num][nex.x][nex.y]=dis[num][now.x][now.y]+step;
if (mp[now.x][now.y]=='.'||mp[nex.x][nex.y]=='.') q.push_back(nex);
else q.push_front(nex);
}
}
}
}
int main() {
cin>>n>>m;
for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i)
scanf("%s",mp[i]+1);
MEMINF(dis);
bfs(1);
bfs(2);
bfs(3);
int ans=INF;
/*
for (int i=1; i<=3; ++i) {
for (int j=1; j<=n; ++j) {
for (int k=1; k<=m; ++k) {
printf("%10d\t",dis[i][j][k]);
}
puts("");
}
puts("\n");
}
*/
for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) {
for (int j=1; j<=m; ++j) {
if (mp[i][j]=='#') continue;
if (dis[1][i][j]==INF||dis[2][i][j]==INF||dis[3][i][j]==INF) continue;
int flag=0;
if (mp[i][j]=='.') flag=2;
if (ans>dis[1][i][j]+dis[2][i][j]+dis[3][i][j]-flag) {
ans=dis[1][i][j]+dis[2][i][j]+dis[3][i][j]-flag;
}
}
}
if (ans==INF) puts("-1");
else printf("%d\n",ans);
}
#include
#define MEM(a,x) memset(a,x,sizeof(a));
#define MEMINF(a) memset((a),0x3f,sizeof(a));
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int MAXN=1e2+10;
const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
const int MOD=1000000007;
int dx[]={1,0,-1,0};
int dy[]={0,-1,0,1};
int n,m;
char mp[MAXN][MAXN];
int dis[500][MAXN][MAXN];
struct node {
int x,y;
}s;
vectorres;
vectorpris;
bool vis[MAXN][MAXN];
void bfs(int num) {
MEM(vis,false);
dequeq;
q.push_front(s);
dis[num][s.x][s.y]=0;
if (mp[s.x][s.y]=='#') dis[num][s.x][s.y]=1;
while (!q.empty()) {
node now=q.front();
q.pop_front();
if (vis[now.x][now.y]) continue;
vis[now.x][now.y]=true;
for (int i=0; i<4; ++i) {
node nex=now;
nex.x+=dx[i];
nex.y+=dy[i];
if (nex.x<1||nex.x>n||nex.y<1||nex.y>m) continue;
if (mp[nex.x][nex.y]=='*') continue;
int flag=0;
if (mp[nex.x][nex.y]=='#') flag=1;
if (dis[num][nex.x][nex.y]>dis[num][now.x][now.y]+flag) {
dis[num][nex.x][nex.y]=dis[num][now.x][now.y]+flag;
if (flag) q.push_back(nex);
else q.push_front(nex);
}
}
}
}
int main () {
int T;
cin>>T;
while (T--) {
pris.clear();
res.clear();
MEMINF(dis);
cin>>n>>m;
node temp;
int cnt=0;
for (int i=1; i<=n; ++i) {
scanf("%s",mp[i]+1);
for (int j=1; j<=m; ++j) {
temp.x=i,temp.y=j;
if (mp[i][j]=='$') pris.push_back(temp);
if (mp[i][j]!='*'&&(i==1||i==n||j==1||j==m))res.push_back(temp);
}
}
for (int i=0; i
UVALive 6011 Error
题意:有n对机场,每对机场都可买去程和回程票,现给k张票,代表已经买的,要求从s到t,在最少需要再买的票数情况下,中转次数也要最少。
代码:
#include
#define MEM(a,x) memset(a,x,sizeof(a));
#define MEMINF(a) memset(a,0x3f,sizeof(a));
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
const int MAXN=1e6;
const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
const int MOD=1000000007;
int HASH(char *s) {
return (s[0]-'A')*26*26+(s[1]-'A')*26+(s[2]-'A');
}
int s,t;
struct Edge{
int u,v,w;
int nex;
}edge[MAXN];
int head[MAXN];
int top;
void Addedge(int u,int v,int w) {
edge[top].v=v,edge[top].nex=head[u],edge[top].w=w,head[u]=top++;
}
int dis[MAXN];
int booking[MAXN];
void bfs() {
dequeq;
q.push_front(s);
dis[s]=0;
int u,v;
booking[s]=0;
while(!q.empty()) {
u=q.front();
q.pop_front();
for (int p=head[u]; ~p; p=edge[p].nex) {
v=edge[p].v;
if (booking[v]>booking[u]+1) {
booking[v]=booking[u]+1;
dis[v]=dis[u]+edge[p].w;
q.push_back(v);
}
else {
if (booking[v]==booking[u]+1&&dis[v]>dis[u]+edge[p].w) {
dis[v]=dis[u]+edge[p].w;
q.push_front(v);
}
}
}
}
printf("%d\n",dis[t]);
}
string st,ed;
int main() {
int T;
cin>>T;
while (T--) {
MEM(dis,0);
MEMINF(booking);
MEM(head,-1);
top=0;
int n;
scanf("%d",&n);
char a[4];
char b[4];
for (int i=0; i>n;
for (int i=0; i<=n; ++i) {
if (i==0) {
scanf("%s",a);
ha=HASH(a);
st=a;
s=ha;
continue;
}
hb=ha;
scanf("%s",a);
ha=HASH(a);
Addedge(hb,ha,0);
}
ed=a;
t=ha;
bfs();
}
}