Android的跨进程通信介绍----------------aidl,传递复杂对象以及Server和Clicent之间的回调

Android的跨进程通信———aidl

做android也有一段时间了,一直没有在博客中去做过这样的总结,刚好这段时间学习开始总结点东西,想着一些简单的问题就不在上面总结了,而之前一些写的都是关于C一方面的总结,几乎看不到Android相关的,今天在这也就给大家分享一下,一个简单的跨进程通信的案例,aidl

其实Android的IPC机制最初应该是引用自Linux中的Ipc概念吧。做过Linux开发的人可能对这个IPC相对来说更加的清晰,什么是FIFO,PIPO管道啊,操作共享内存区域啊等等,都是源自Linux的

最近刚好在做一个跨进程通信用aidl进行重构优化的项目,所以对这一块可能比之前对aidl的了解又更深一步了吧。以前只是单纯的绑定,基本上没有用到server和Client之间的回调,以及也没有用到过于复杂对象的序列化。

首先我们来讲一下整体流程:

1:Client去绑定Server端
2:Server端在绑定过后,返回aidl的接口对象
3:Client将参数(json字符串)传递给Server端,在Server端去做处理
4:Server端然后再将处理的结果回调给Client

注意:Json字符串本来就是可以序列化的,所以这个时候我们可以剖除掉复杂的序列化的过程

带着问题讨论下:

1:aidl的传递复杂对象的时候是需要进行序列化的,也就是Parcelable接口,但是会有一个问题,如果这个对象过于复杂,在对象里面不断的包含另外一个对象,或者Map和List进行多层嵌套的时候,可能序列化就会出现问题
2:关于CallBack的回调,也就是Server回调给Client,它是一个类似aidl文件的接口。

这是我写的一个很简单的关于aidl整个流程的一个Demo,也是我在项目中用到的大概的整个流程吧:

IServer.aidl文件

package com.example.aidl;

import com.example.aidl.IServerCallback;

interface IServer{

    void setAddNum(int num1,int num2);

    void registerServerCallBack(IServerCallback callback);

    void unregisterServerCallBack(IServerCallback callback);

    void setString(String jsonString);
}

IServerCallback.aidl文件:

package com.example.aidl;


interface IServerCallback{

    void setResult(int result);

    void setTransferString(String jsonString);
}

Server端代码:
MyCustomServer.java文件

package com.example.aidl2;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;

import com.example.aidl.IServer;
import com.example.aidl.IServerCallback;

public class MyCustomServer extends Service{

    int Result = 0;
    IServerCallback cback;
    private final RemoteCallbackList mCallbacks  
    = new RemoteCallbackList();  
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Log.i("123", "oncreate");
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
        Log.i("123", "onBind");
        return new MyCustomImpl();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

    Plus plus;
    private class MyCustomImpl extends IServer.Stub{

        @Override
        public void setAddNum(int num1, int num2) throws RemoteException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Result  = num1 + num2;
            Log.i("123", "RESULT:"+Result);
            plus = new Plus(cback);
            plus.add(num1, num2);
//          if(cback != null){
//              cback .setResult(plus.add(num1, num2));
//          }
        }

        @Override
        public void registerServerCallBack(IServerCallback callback) throws RemoteException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Log.i("123","register callback");
            if(callback != null){
                mCallbacks.register(callback);
                cback = callback;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void unregisterServerCallBack(IServerCallback callback) throws RemoteException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Log.i("123","unregister callback");
            if(callback!=null){
                   mCallbacks.unregister(callback);  
                   cback = null;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void setString(String jsonString) throws RemoteException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            if(plus == null){
                plus = new Plus(cback);
            }
            plus.getResult(jsonString);
        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onDestroy();
    }   
}

Plus.java

package com.example.aidl2;

import android.os.RemoteException;

import com.example.aidl.IServerCallback;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

public class Plus {
    IServerCallback cback;
    public Plus(IServerCallback cback){
        this.cback = cback;
    }

    public void add(int num1,int num2){
        try {
            cback.setResult(num1+num2);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private int num1;
    private int num2;
    public int getNum1() {
        return num1;
    }
    public void setNum1(int num1) {
        this.num1 = num1;
    }
    public int getNum2() {
        return num2;
    }
    public void setNum2(int num2) {
        this.num2 = num2;
    }
    public Plus(int num1, int num2) {
        super();
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
    }
    public void getResult(String jsonString){
        Plus plus = new Gson().fromJson(jsonString, Plus.class);
        try {
            cback.setTransferString(plus.num1 +"+"+plus.num2 + "="+plus.getNum1()+plus.getNum2());
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Client端的代码如下:

package com.example.aidl1;

import com.example.aidl.IServer;
import com.example.aidl.IServerCallback;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    Button btnBind;
    TextView tvResult;
    Intent server;
    IServer mServer = null;
    Button btnTransfer ;
    Button btnTransfeString;
    iServerCallImpl callback = new iServerCallImpl();

    private ServiceConnection conn  = new ServiceConnection(){

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName arg0, IBinder arg1) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            Log.i("123", "onServerConnected");
            mServer = IServer.Stub.asInterface(arg1);
            registerCallBack();
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            ungisterCallBack();
        }

    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        btnBind = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_bind);
        tvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_result);
        btnTransfer = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_transfer);
        btnTransfeString = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_transferstring);

        btnBind.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                server = new Intent("com.example.server");
                bindService(server, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
            }
        });

        btnTransfer.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                if(mServer!=null){
                    try {
                        mServer.setAddNum(10, 22);
                    } catch (RemoteException e) {
                        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
            }
            }
        });
        btnTransfeString.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

            @Override
            public void onClick(View arg0) {
                // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                Plus plsPlus = new Plus(30, 50);
                String json = new Gson().toJson(plsPlus);
                try {
                    mServer.setString(json);
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    private class iServerCallImpl extends IServerCallback.Stub{
        @Override
        public void setResult(int result) throws RemoteException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            if(tvResult != null){
                tvResult.setText(""+result);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void setTransferString(String jsonString) throws RemoteException {
            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
            if(tvResult != null){
                tvResult.setText(""+jsonString);
            }
        }

    }


    private void registerCallBack(){
        if(mServer == null){
            return;
        }
        try {
            mServer.registerServerCallBack(callback);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void ungisterCallBack(){
        if(mServer == null){
            return;
        }
        try {
            mServer.unregisterServerCallBack(callback);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
        return true;
    }   
}

Plus.java

package com.example.aidl1;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import com.example.aidl.IServerCallback;
import com.google.gson.Gson;

public class Plus {

    private int num1;
    private int num2;
    public int getNum1() {
        return num1;
    }
    public void setNum1(int num1) {
        this.num1 = num1;
    }
    public int getNum2() {
        return num2;
    }
    public void setNum2(int num2) {
        this.num2 = num2;
    }
    public Plus(int num1, int num2) {
        super();
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
    }

    IServerCallback cback;
    public Plus(IServerCallback cback){
        this.cback = cback;
    }

    public void add(int num1,int num2){
        try {
            cback.setResult(num1+num2);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void getResult(String jsonString){
        Plus plus = new Gson().fromJson(jsonString, Plus.class);
        try {
            cback.setTransferString(plus.num1 +"+"+plus.num2 + "="+plus.getNum1()+plus.getNum2());
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

从以上我们可以看到:
使用json字符串取代了复杂的对象的序列化
使用CallBack回调将server处理的数值来进行回调给Client
注意:因为我这个是一个Client对应的一个Server端,但是在实际操作中,很多时候我们往往遇到多个Client绑定一个Server端,那么这个时候我们就会遇到多个CallBack,这个时候,可能我们的,每个CallBack需要回调不同的结果再调用给Client端。那么我就需要用到RemoteCallBack的广播机制,去轮询所有的CallBack,然后才能通知不同的Client
如:

  final int N = mCallbacks.beginBroadcast();
            for (int i=0; itry {        
               mCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).(方法); 
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    // The RemoteCallbackList will take care of removing
                    // the dead object for us.
                }
            }
            mCallbacks.finishBroadcast();

类似以上伪代码,这样就可以整体的向所有的Client进行回调了
注意:使用Json可以取代复杂的序列化过程

源码下载地址:源码地址

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