在上一篇(http://blog.csdn.net/xlgen157387/article/details/45269389)中介绍了使用Thread+Handler实现非UI线程更新UI界面的方法步骤,下边做一下如何同构AsyncTask异步任务来更新UI界面。
通过上图中的AsyncTask的源码结构图可以看到,主要用于重载的方法是doInBackground(),onPreExecute()、onPostExecute()、onProgressUpdate()、onCancelled()、publishProgress()等前边是”黄色的菱形“图标的,下边详细介绍这些方法的功能:
AsyncTask的构造函数有三个模板参数:
1.Params,传递给后台任务的参数类型。
2.Progress,后台计算执行过程中,进步单位(progress units)的类型。(就是后台程序已经执行了百分之几了。)
3.Result, 后台执行返回的结果的类型。
AsyncTask并不总是需要使用上面的全部3种类型。标识不使用的类型很简单,只需要使用Void类型即可。
源码注释:
/**
* Override this method to perform a computation on a background thread. The
* specified parameters are the parameters passed to {@link #execute}
* by the caller of this task.
*
* This method can call {@link #publishProgress} to publish updates
* on the UI thread.
*
* @param params The parameters of the task.
*
* @return A result, defined by the subclass of this task.
*
* @see #onPreExecute()
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #publishProgress
*/
protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
正在后台运行:doInBackground(Params…),该回调函数由后台线程在onPreExecute()方法执行结束后立即调用。通常在这里执行耗时的后台计算。计算的结果必须由该函数返回,并被传递到onPostExecute()中。在该函数内也可以使用publishProgress(Progress…)来发布一个或多个进度单位(unitsof progress)。这些值将会在onProgressUpdate(Progress…)中被发布到UI线程。
/**
* Runs on the UI thread before {@link #doInBackground}.
*
* @see #onPostExecute
* @see #doInBackground
*/
protected void onPreExecute() {
}
准备运行:onPreExecute(),该回调函数在任务被执行之后立即由UI线程调用。这个步骤通常用来建立任务,在用户接口(UI)上显示进度条。
/**
* Runs on the UI thread after {@link #doInBackground}. The
* specified result is the value returned by {@link #doInBackground}.
*
* This method won't be invoked if the task was cancelled.
*
* @param result The result of the operation computed by {@link #doInBackground}.
*
* @see #onPreExecute
* @see #doInBackground
* @see #onCancelled(Object)
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
}
完成后台任务:onPostExecute(Result),当后台计算结束后调用。后台计算的结果会被作为参数传递给这一函数。
/**
* Runs on the UI thread after {@link #publishProgress} is invoked.
* The specified values are the values passed to {@link #publishProgress}.
*
* @param values The values indicating progress.
*
* @see #publishProgress
* @see #doInBackground
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"UnusedDeclaration"})
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
}
完成后台任务:onPostExecute(Result),当后台计算结束后调用。后台计算的结果会被作为参数传递给这一函数。
取消任务:onCancelled (),在调用AsyncTask的cancel()方法时调用
/**
* This method can be invoked from {@link #doInBackground} to
* publish updates on the UI thread while the background computation is
* still running. Each call to this method will trigger the execution of
* {@link #onProgressUpdate} on the UI thread.
*
* {@link #onProgressUpdate} will note be called if the task has been
* canceled.
*
* @param values The progress values to update the UI with.
*
* @see #onProgressUpdate
* @see #doInBackground
*/
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult
主要用于显示进度。
AsyncTaskActivity .java作为启动页面的文件
public class AsyncTaskActivity extends Activity {
private ImageView mImageView;
private Button mButton;
private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.asyntask_main);
mImageView= (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.imageView);
mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
GetImageTask task = new GetImageTask();
task.execute("http://g.hiphotos.baidu.com/image/pic/item/b3119313b07eca80d340a3e0932397dda1448374.jpg");
}
});
}
class GetImageTask extends AsyncTask {//继承AsyncTask
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {//处理后台执行的任务,在后台线程执行
publishProgress(0);//将会调用onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress)方法
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
publishProgress(30);
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(params[0]);//获取csdn的logo
final Bitmap bitmap;
try {
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(httpResponse.getEntity().getContent());
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
publishProgress(100);
//mImageView.setImageBitmap(result); 不能在后台线程操作ui
return bitmap;
}
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {//在调用publishProgress之后被调用,在ui线程执行
mProgressBar.setProgress(progress[0]);//更新进度条的进度
}
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {//后台任务执行完之后被调用,在ui线程执行
if(result != null) {
Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "成功获取图片", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
mImageView.setImageBitmap(result);
}else {
Toast.makeText(AsyncTaskActivity.this, "获取图片失败", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}
protected void onPreExecute () {//在 doInBackground(Params...)之前被调用,在ui线程执行
mImageView.setImageBitmap(null);
mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//进度条复位
}
protected void onCancelled () {//在ui线程执行
mProgressBar.setProgress(0);//进度条复位
}
}
}
布局文件:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/progressBar"
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
ProgressBar>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="下载图片" >
Button>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/imageView"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
LinearLayout>
同样需要开启访问网络的权限和设置启动界面