Android与Java NIO实现简单Echo服务器与客户端
上一篇用Java IO来做了个Demo，于是乎进一步，用Java NIO来做一个。
NIO的优势在于非阻塞。使用了Selector在一个线程里进行轮询，就能够完成接入、收\发消息的操作，不需要每建立一个连接都新启动一个线程的方式。
Server端代码：
public class EchoServer {
private static final int MAX_SIZE = 256; // max size 256
private static Charset mCharSet = Charset.forName("UTF-8"); //encode and decode charset
public static void main(String args[]) {
try {
Selector selector = Selector.open(); // init an selector
initServerChannel(selector);
startSelector(selector);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void initServerChannel(Selector selector) {
ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = null;
try {
serverChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverChannel.configureBlocking(false); // not blocking
serverChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(8999));
serverChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); // 将ServerChannl注册为accept感兴趣类型
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static void startSelector(Selector selector) {
int loopCount = 0;
while (true) {
int n = 0; // Selector轮询注册来的Channel, 阻塞到至少有一个通道在你注册的事件上就绪了。
try {
n = selector.select();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (n == 0) {
continue;
}
System.out.println("loopCount:" + loopCount);
Iterator iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next(); // 获取SelectionKey
SocketChannel socketChannel = null;
SelectableChannel selectableChannel = selectionKey.channel();
// 每一步都要判断selectionKey.isValid()，避免断开连接产生的java.nio.channels.CancelledKeyException
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isAcceptable()) {
System.out.println("selectionKey isAcceptable");
acceptClient(selectionKey, (ServerSocketChannel) selectableChannel);
}
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isReadable()) {
// a channel is ready for reading
System.out.println("selectionKey isReadable");
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectableChannel;// 返回为之创建此键的通道。
readMsg(selectionKey, socketChannel);
}
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isWritable()) {
// a channel is ready for writing
System.out.println("selectionKey isWritable");
socketChannel = (SocketChannel) selectableChannel;
writeMsg(selectionKey, socketChannel);
}
iterator.remove();
}
loopCount++;
}
}
private static void acceptClient(SelectionKey selectionKey, ServerSocketChannel serverChannel) {
// 此方法返回的套接字通道（如果有）将处于阻塞模式。
try {
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverChannel.accept();
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
// 向Selector注册Channel，设置读取为感兴趣操作，此类操作将会在下一次选择器select操作时被交付。同时附加byteBuffer对象作为数据传递的容器
socketChannel.register(selectionKey.selector(), SelectionKey.OP_READ);
System.out.println("connected from:" + socketChannel.getRemoteAddress());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
selectionKey.cancel();
}
}
private static void readMsg(SelectionKey selectionKey, SocketChannel socketChannel) {
if (selectionKey == null || socketChannel == null) {
return;
}
ByteBuffer dataBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(MAX_SIZE);
int count = 0;
try {
count = socketChannel.read(dataBuffer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
selectionKey.cancel();
try {
socketChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (count > 0) {
dataBuffer.flip();
byte[] bytes = new byte[dataBuffer.remaining()];
dataBuffer.get(bytes);
String data = new String(bytes, mCharSet);
System.out.println("received: " + data);
selectionKey.attach(dataBuffer); // 给SelectionKey附加上的DataBuffer对象
selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_WRITE); // 读取完，设置写入为感兴趣操作，这样在接下来一个循环会触发到服务端写操作，给用户返回数据
}
if (count == -1) {
selectionKey.cancel();
try {
socketChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private static void writeMsg(SelectionKey selectionKey, SocketChannel socketChannel) {
if (selectionKey == null || socketChannel == null) {
return;
}
ByteBuffer dataBuffer = (ByteBuffer) selectionKey.attachment();
String data = new String(dataBuffer.array(), mCharSet);
String result = "response: " + data.trim();
dataBuffer.flip();
System.out.println("send back: " + result);
dataBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(result.getBytes(mCharSet));
//输出到通道
try {
while (dataBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
socketChannel.write(dataBuffer);
}
//将缓冲区的当前位置和界限之间的字节（如果有）复制到缓冲区的开始处
dataBuffer.compact();
selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ); // 写入完毕，设置读取为感兴趣操作
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
selectionKey.cancel();
try {
socketChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
} Android客户端：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getSimpleName();
private EditText mIpEt;
private EditText mPortEt;
private Button mConnBtn;
private TextView mScreenTv;
private EditText mInputEt;
private Button mSendBtn;
private SocketThread mSocketThread;
private static Handler mMainHander;
private static final int MSG_CONNECT = 0x001;
private static final int MSG_RECEIVE = 0x002;
private static final int MSG_SEND_ERROR = 0x003;
private static final String DATA_RECEIVE = "data_receive";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
mIpEt = findViewById(R.id.main_ip_et);
mPortEt = findViewById(R.id.main_port_et);
mConnBtn = findViewById(R.id.main_connect_btn);
mScreenTv = findViewById(R.id.main_screen_tv);
mInputEt = findViewById(R.id.main_input_et);
mSendBtn = findViewById(R.id.main_send_btn);
// defalut value. Change it to your own server ip
mIpEt.setText("172.16.62.65");
mPortEt.setText("8999");
mConnBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String ip = mIpEt.getText().toString();
String port = mPortEt.getText().toString();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(ip) || TextUtils.isEmpty(port)) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "ip or port is null", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
connectToServer(ip, Integer.valueOf(port));
}
}
});
mSendBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
String data = mInputEt.getText().toString();
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(data)) {
mSocketThread.sendMsgToServer(data);
}
}
});
// TODO handler may cause memory leaks
mMainHander = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_CONNECT:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Connect to Server Success", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
mConnBtn.setText("Connected");
mConnBtn.setEnabled(false);
break;
case MSG_RECEIVE:
Bundle data = msg.getData();
String dataStr = data.getString(DATA_RECEIVE);
Log.i(TAG, "received data:" + dataStr);
CharSequence originData = mScreenTv.getText();
String result = originData + "\n" + dataStr;
mScreenTv.setText(result);
break;
case MSG_SEND_ERROR:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Send Error, Connection may be Closed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
}
};
}
private void connectToServer(String ip, int port) {
mSocketThread = new SocketThread(ip, port);
mSocketThread.start();
}
private static class SocketThread extends Thread {
private static final int MAX_SIZE = 256; // max size 256
private static Charset mCharSet = Charset.forName("UTF-8"); //encode and decode charset
private String mIp;
private int mPort;
private SocketChannel mClientChannel;
private Selector mSelector;
public SocketThread(String ip, int port) {
this.mIp = ip;
this.mPort = port;
try {
mSelector = Selector.open();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
initClientChannel(mSelector);
startSelector(mSelector);
}
private void initClientChannel(Selector selector) {
try {
mClientChannel = SocketChannel.open();
mClientChannel.configureBlocking(false);
mClientChannel.connect(new InetSocketAddress(mIp, mPort));
mClientChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void startSelector(Selector selector) {
while (true) {
int n = 0; // Selector轮询注册来的Channel, 阻塞到至少有一个通道在你注册的事件上就绪了。
try {
n = selector.select();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (n == 0) {
continue;
}
Iterator iterator = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selectionKey = iterator.next(); // 获取SelectionKey
// 每一步都要判断selectionKey.isValid()，避免断开连接产生的java.nio.channels.CancelledKeyException
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isConnectable()) {
connectServer(selectionKey);
}
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isReadable()) {
// a channel is ready for reading
readMsg(selectionKey);
}
if (selectionKey.isValid() && selectionKey.isWritable()) {
// a channel is ready for writing
}
iterator.remove();
}
}
}
private void connectServer(SelectionKey selectionKey) {
try {
mClientChannel.finishConnect();
mMainHander.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_CONNECT);
selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
Log.i(TAG, "connected to:" + mClientChannel.socket().getInetAddress());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
selectionKey.cancel();
try {
mClientChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void readMsg(SelectionKey selectionKey) {
if (selectionKey == null || mClientChannel == null) {
return;
}
ByteBuffer dataBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(MAX_SIZE); // 从SelectionKey中取出注册时附加上的DataBuffer对象
int count = 0;
try {
count = mClientChannel.read(dataBuffer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
selectionKey.cancel();
try {
mClientChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (count > 0) {
dataBuffer.flip();
byte[] bytes = new byte[dataBuffer.remaining()];
dataBuffer.get(bytes);
String data = new String(bytes, mCharSet);
Message message = mMainHander.obtainMessage();
message.what = MSG_RECEIVE;
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putString(DATA_RECEIVE, data);
message.setData(bundle);
mMainHander.sendMessage(message);
}
}
public void sendMsgToServer(final String data) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
ByteBuffer dataBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(data.length());
dataBuffer.put(data.getBytes(mCharSet));
dataBuffer.flip();
//输出到通道
try {
while (dataBuffer.hasRemaining()) {
mClientChannel.write(dataBuffer);
}
Log.i(TAG, "send data" + data);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
mMainHander.sendEmptyMessage(MSG_SEND_ERROR);
try {
if (mClientChannel != null) {
mClientChannel.close();
}
} catch (IOException e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}).start();
}
}
} MainActivity的布局文件：
最后，同样不要忘记清单文件中声明网络权限。
NIO的使用比IO要复杂一些，但是它非阻塞的特性，极大减少线程使用这些优势，还是很值得研究的。毕竟真正到了项目级别的代码，不可能用Java IO去实现，一定是基于NIO的网络框架。
Java NIO相关例子网上不太多，自己做的时候也踩了一些坑，尤其要注意ByteBuffer的使用方式，Java IO数据是面向流的，而NIO是面向Buffer的，Buffer的读写是基本功，如果有疑惑可以去查阅相关资料。也欢迎大家一起来探讨、学习~