COCO的全称是Common Objects in COntext,是微软团队提供的一个可以用来进行图像识别的数据集。MS COCO数据集中的图像分为训练、验证和测试集。COCO通过在Flickr上搜索80个对象类别和各种场景类型来收集图像,其使用了亚马逊的Mechanical Turk(AMT)来收集数据。COCO数据集现在有3种标注类型:object instances(目标实例), object keypoints(目标上的关键点), and image captions(看图说话),使用JSON文件存储。
这3种类型共享下面所列的基本类型,包括info、image、license,而annotation类型则呈现出了多态,会根据不同的任务具有不同的数据标注形式。
{
"info" : info,
"images" : [image],
"annotations" : [annotation],
"licenses" : [license],
}
info{
"year" : int,
"version" : str,
"description" : str,
"contributor" : str,
"url" : str,
"date_created" : datetime,
}
image{
"id" : int,
"width" : int,
"height" : int,
"file_name" : str,
"license" : int,
"flickr_url" : str,
"coco_url" : str,
"date_captured" : datetime,
}
license{
"id" : int,
"name" : str,
"url" : str,
}
除了Annotation数据之外的数据类型举例如下:
1)info类型,比如一个info类型的实例:
"info":{
"description":"This is stable 1.0 version of the 2014 MS COCO dataset.",
"url":"http:\/\/mscoco.org",
"version":"1.0","year":2014,
"contributor":"Microsoft COCO group",
"date_created":"2015-01-27 09:11:52.357475"
}
2)Images类型,Images是包含多个image实例的数组,对于一个image类型的实例:
{
"license":3,
"file_name":"COCO_val2014_000000391895.jpg",
"coco_url":"http:\/\/mscoco.org\/images\/391895",
"height":360,"width":640,"date_captured":"2013-11-14 11:18:45",
"flickr_url":"http:\/\/farm9.staticflickr.com\/8186\/8119368305_4e622c8349_z.jpg",
"id":391895
}
3)licenses类型,licenses是包含多个license实例的数组,对于一个license类型的实例:
{
"url":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.0\/",
"id":1,
"name":"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License"
}
1)整体JSON文件格式
Object Instance这种格式的文件从头至尾按照顺序分为以下段落:
{
"info": info,
"licenses": [license],
"images": [image],
"annotations": [annotation],
"categories": [category]
}
是的,你打开这两个文件,虽然内容很多,但从文件开始到结尾按照顺序就是这5段。其中,info、licenses、images这三个结构体/类型 在上一节中已经说了,在不同的JSON文件中这三个类型是一样的,定义是共享的。不共享的是annotation和category这两种结构体,他们在不同类型的JSON文件中是不一样的。
PS,mages数组、annotations数组、categories数组的元素数量是相等的,等于图片的数量。
2)annotations字段
annotations字段是包含多个annotation实例的一个数组,annotation类型本身又包含了一系列的字段,如这个目标的category id和segmentation mask。segmentation格式取决于这个实例是一个单个的对象(即iscrowd=0,将使用polygons格式)还是一组对象(即iscrowd=1,将使用RLE格式)。如下所示:
annotation{
"id": int,
"image_id": int,
"category_id": int,
"segmentation": RLE or [polygon],
"area": float,
"bbox": [x,y,width,height],
"iscrowd": 0 or 1,
}
注意,单个的对象(iscrowd=0)可能需要多个polygon来表示,比如这个对象在图像中被挡住了。而iscrowd=1时(将标注一组对象,比如一群人)的segmentation使用的就是RLE格式。
另外,每个对象(不管是iscrowd=0还是iscrowd=1)都会有一个矩形框bbox ,矩形框左上角的坐标和矩形框的长宽会以数组的形式提供,数组第一个元素就是左上角的横坐标值。
其中,area是框的面积(area of encoded masks)。
3)categories字段
annotation结构中的categories字段存储的是当前对象所属的category的id,以及所属的supercategory的name。
categories是一个包含多个category实例的数组,而category结构体描述如下:
{
"id": int,
"name": str,
"supercategory": str,
}
从instances_val2017.json文件中摘出的2个category实例如下所示:
{
"supercategory": "person",
"id": 1,
"name": "person"
},
{
"supercategory": "vehicle",
"id": 2,
"name": "bicycle"
},
......
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
import os
import shutil
import numpy as np
import json
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
# 检测框的ID起始值
START_BOUNDING_BOX_ID = 1
# 类别列表无必要预先创建,程序中会根据所有图像中包含的ID来创建并更新
PRE_DEFINE_CATEGORIES = {}
# If necessary, pre-define category and its id
# PRE_DEFINE_CATEGORIES = {"aeroplane": 1, "bicycle": 2, "bird": 3, "boat": 4,
# "bottle":5, "bus": 6, "car": 7, "cat": 8, "chair": 9,
# "cow": 10, "diningtable": 11, "dog": 12, "horse": 13,
# "motorbike": 14, "person": 15, "pottedplant": 16,
# "sheep": 17, "sofa": 18, "train": 19, "tvmonitor": 20}
def get(root, name):
vars = root.findall(name)
return vars
def get_and_check(root, name, length):
vars = root.findall(name)
if len(vars) == 0:
raise NotImplementedError('Can not find %s in %s.'%(name, root.tag))
if length > 0 and len(vars) != length:
raise NotImplementedError('The size of %s is supposed to be %d, but is %d.'%(name, length, len(vars)))
if length == 1:
vars = vars[0]
return vars
# 得到图片唯一标识号
def get_filename_as_int(filename):
try:
filename = os.path.splitext(filename)[0]
return int(filename)
except:
raise NotImplementedError('Filename %s is supposed to be an integer.'%(filename))
def convert(xml_list, xml_dir, json_file):
'''
:param xml_list: 需要转换的XML文件列表
:param xml_dir: XML的存储文件夹
:param json_file: 导出json文件的路径
:return: None
'''
list_fp = xml_list
# 标注基本结构
json_dict = {"images":[],
"type": "instances",
"annotations": [],
"categories": []}
categories = PRE_DEFINE_CATEGORIES
bnd_id = START_BOUNDING_BOX_ID
for line in list_fp:
line = line.strip()
print("buddy~ Processing {}".format(line))
# 解析XML
xml_f = os.path.join(xml_dir, line)
tree = ET.parse(xml_f)
root = tree.getroot()
path = get(root, 'path')
# 取出图片名字
if len(path) == 1:
filename = os.path.basename(path[0].text)
elif len(path) == 0:
filename = get_and_check(root, 'filename', 1).text
else:
raise NotImplementedError('%d paths found in %s'%(len(path), line))
## The filename must be a number
image_id = get_filename_as_int(filename) # 图片ID
size = get_and_check(root, 'size', 1)
# 图片的基本信息
width = int(get_and_check(size, 'width', 1).text)
height = int(get_and_check(size, 'height', 1).text)
image = {'file_name': filename,
'height': height,
'width': width,
'id':image_id}
json_dict['images'].append(image)
## Cruuently we do not support segmentation
# segmented = get_and_check(root, 'segmented', 1).text
# assert segmented == '0'
# 处理每个标注的检测框
for obj in get(root, 'object'):
# 取出检测框类别名称
category = get_and_check(obj, 'name', 1).text
# 更新类别ID字典
if category not in categories:
new_id = len(categories)
categories[category] = new_id
category_id = categories[category]
bndbox = get_and_check(obj, 'bndbox', 1)
xmin = int(get_and_check(bndbox, 'xmin', 1).text) - 1
ymin = int(get_and_check(bndbox, 'ymin', 1).text) - 1
xmax = int(get_and_check(bndbox, 'xmax', 1).text)
ymax = int(get_and_check(bndbox, 'ymax', 1).text)
assert(xmax > xmin)
assert(ymax > ymin)
o_width = abs(xmax - xmin)
o_height = abs(ymax - ymin)
annotation = dict()
annotation['area'] = o_width*o_height
annotation['iscrowd'] = 0
annotation['image_id'] = image_id
annotation['bbox'] = [xmin, ymin, o_width, o_height]
annotation['category_id'] = category_id
annotation['id'] = bnd_id
annotation['ignore'] = 0
# 设置分割数据,点的顺序为逆时针方向
annotation['segmentation'] = [[xmin,ymin,xmin,ymax,xmax,ymax,xmax,ymin]]
json_dict['annotations'].append(annotation)
bnd_id = bnd_id + 1
# 写入类别ID字典
for cate, cid in categories.items():
cat = {'supercategory': 'none', 'id': cid, 'name': cate}
json_dict['categories'].append(cat)
# 导出到json
json_fp = open(json_file, 'w')
json_str = json.dumps(json_dict)
json_fp.write(json_str)
json_fp.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
root_path = os.getcwd()
xml_dir = os.path.join(root_path, 'Annotations')
xml_labels = os.listdir(os.path.join(root_path, 'Annotations'))
np.random.shuffle(xml_labels)
split_point = int(len(xml_labels)/10)
# validation data
xml_list = xml_labels[0:split_point]
json_file = './instances_val2014.json'
convert(xml_list, xml_dir, json_file)
for xml_file in xml_list:
img_name = xml_file[:-4] + '.jpg'
shutil.copy(os.path.join(root_path, 'JPEGImages', img_name),
os.path.join(root_path, 'val2014', img_name))
# train data
xml_list = xml_labels[split_point:]
json_file = './instances_train2014.json'
convert(xml_list, xml_dir, json_file)
for xml_file in xml_list:
img_name = xml_file[:-4] + '.jpg'
shutil.copy(os.path.join(root_path, 'JPEGImages', img_name),
os.path.join(root_path, 'train2014', img_name))