python程序的控制结构

python程序的控制结构

1.if
缩进

#严格缩进
if g==1:		#if后面有一个空格,还有冒号
    print("right")
 
#没空格有()也行
if(g==1):		#冒号
    print("right")

判断条件也可以直接写True

if True:        #冒号
    print("right")

判断条件为数字:非零值视为True,零值视为False。

if 1:
    print('1')
if 100:
    print('100')
if 0:
    print('0')
if -1:
    print('-1')
    输出:
'''
1
100
-1
'''

2.if else

>>> a = 1
>>> b = 2
>>> if a<=b:
...     print('a小于等于b')
... else:
...     print('a大于b')
...
a小于b

3.if elif if

>>> a = 1
>>> b = 2
>>> if a<b:
...     print('a小于b')
... elif a>b:
...     print('a大于b')
... else:
...     print('a等于b')
a小于b

4.条件组合保留字:

#例1:
if not True:
    print("即Fasle,不输出")
else:
    print("输出")
 
#例2:
guess=1000
if guess>0 and guess<100:
    print("right")
else:
    print("wrong")
 
#<=>=可以使用
if guess>=0:		
    print("ok")

三元运算符

>>> a = 1
>>> b = 2
>>> a if a<b else b
1
>>> print('a=%d' %a) if a<b else b
a=1

二.循环结构

计算1+2+3+…+99+100的结果:

>>> s=0
>>> for i in range(1,101):
...     s+=i
... else:  #else是循环结束的奖励
...     print(s)
...
5050
>>> s=i=0
>>> while i<=100:
...     s+=i
...     i+=1
... else:
...     print(s)
...
5050

#无变量for循环
for _ in range(10):
    print("0")

循环控制保留字break和continue

while True:
    name = input("entre your name :")
    if name == "stop":
         break
    age = input("entre your age:")
    print("your name  is  %s ,your age is %s" %(name,age) )

运行结果:

    entre your name :lixiang
    entre your age:18
    your name  is  lixiang ,your age is 18
    entre your name :stop

x = 10
while x:
    x = x -1
    if x % 2 != 0 :
        continue
    print(x)

运行结果:

    8
    6
    4
    2
    0

pass语句
pass 不做任何事情,一般用做占位语句。

for i in range(10):
    print(i)
    pass
print("done")
'''
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
done
'''

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