iOS面试题系列之常见算法

原贴见:http://yangshebing.github.io/blog/2016/04/24/iosmian-shi-ti-xi-lie-zhi-chang-jian-suan-fa/


iOS面试中熟悉常见算法

1、 对以下一组数据进行降序排序(冒泡排序)。“24,17,85,13,9,54,76,45,5,63”

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int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  int array[10] = {24, 17, 85, 13, 9, 54, 76, 45, 5, 63};
      int num = sizeof(array)/sizeof(int);
      for(int i = 0; i < num-1; i++) {
          for(int j = 0; j < num - 1 - i; j++) {
                  if(array[j] < array[j+1]) {
                          int tmp = array[j];
                              array[j] = array[j+1];
                              array[j+1] = tmp;
                          }
                  }
          }
  
  for(int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
          printf("%d", array[i]);
              if(i == num-1) {
                  printf("\n");
                  }
              else {
                  printf(" ");
                  }
          }
  }

2、 对以下一组数据进行升序排序(选择排序)。“86, 37, 56, 29, 92, 73, 15, 63, 30, 8”

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void sort(int a[],int n)
{

    int i, j, index;
    
    for(i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
        
        index = i;
        
        for(j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
        
            if(a[index] > a[j]) {
            
                index = j;
                
            }
            
        }
        
        if(index != i) {
        
            int temp = a[i];
            
            a[i] = a[index];
            
            a[index] = temp;
            
        }
        
    }
    
}

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    int numArr[10] = {86, 37, 56, 29, 92, 73, 15, 63, 30, 8};
    
    sort(numArr, 10);
    
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    
        printf("%d, ", numArr[i]);
        
    }
    
    printf("\n");
    
    return 0;
    
}

3、 快速排序算法

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void sort(int *a, int left, int right) {
if(left >= right) {
return ;
}
int i = left;
int j = right;
int key = a[left];
while (i < j) {
while (i < j && key >= a[j]) {
j--;
}
a[i] = a[j];
while (i < j && key <= a[i]) {
  i++;
  }
a[j] = a[i];
}
a[i] = key;
sort(a, left, i-1);
sort(a, i+1, right);
}

4、 归并排序

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void merge(int sourceArr[], int tempArr[], int startIndex, int midIndex, int endIndex) {
    int i = startIndex;
        int j = midIndex + 1;
        int k = startIndex;
        while (i != midIndex + 1 && j != endIndex + 1) {
            if (sourceArr[i] >= sourceArr[j]) {
                    tempArr[k++] = sourceArr[j++];
                    } else {
                    tempArr[k++] = sourceArr[i++];
                     }
            }        while (i != midIndex + 1) {
            tempArr[k++] = sourceArr[i++];
            }        while (j != endIndex + 1) {
            tempArr[k++] = sourceArr[j++];
            }        for (i = startIndex; i <= endIndex; i++) {
            sourceArr[i] = tempArr[i];
            }
    }

void sort(int souceArr[], int tempArr[], int startIndex, int endIndex) {
    int midIndex;
        if (startIndex < endIndex) {
            midIndex = (startIndex + endIndex) / 2;
                sort(souceArr, tempArr, startIndex, midIndex);
                sort(souceArr, tempArr, midIndex + 1, endIndex);
                merge(souceArr, tempArr, startIndex, midIndex, endIndex);
            }
    }

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    int numArr[10] = {86, 37, 56, 29, 92, 73, 15, 63, 30, 8};
        int tempArr[10];
        sort(numArr, tempArr, 0, 9);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            printf("%d, ", numArr[i]);
            }
        printf("\n");
        return 0;
    }

5、 实现二分查找算法(编程语言不限)

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int bsearchWithoutRecursion(int array[],int low,int high,int target) {
while(low <= high) {
int mid = (low + high) / 2;
if(array[mid] > target)
high = mid - 1;
else if(array[mid] < target)
low = mid + 1;
else  //findthetarget
return mid;
}
//the array does not contain the target
return -1;
}
----------------------------------------
递归实现
int binary_search(const int arr[],int low,int high,int key){
int mid=low + (high - low) / 2;
if(low > high)
return -1;
else{
if(arr[mid] == key)
  return mid;
else if(arr[mid] > key)
return binary_search(arr, low, mid-1, key);
else
return binary_search(arr, mid+1, high, key);
}
}

6、 如何实现链表翻转(链表逆序)?思路:每次把第二个元素提到最前面来。

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#include 
#include 
typedef struct NODE {
    struct NODE *next;
        int num;
    }node;

node *createLinkList(int length) {
    if (length <= 0) {
            return NULL;
            }
        node *head,*p,*q;
        int number = 1;
        head = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
        head->num = 1;
        head->next = head;
        p = q = head;
        while (++number <= length) {
            p = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
                p->num = number;
                p->next = NULL;
                q->next = p;
                q = p;
            }
        return head;}

void printLinkList(node *head) {
    if (head == NULL) {
            return;
            }
        node *p = head;
        while (p) {
            printf("%d ", p->num);
                p = p -> next;
            }
        printf("\n");
    }

node *reverseFunc1(node *head) {
    if (head == NULL) {
            return head;
        
            }
    
        node *p,*q;
        p = head;
        q = NULL;
        while (p) {
            node *pNext = p -> next;
                p -> next = q;
                q = p;
                p = pNext;
            }
        return q;
    }

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    node *head = createLinkList(7);
        if (head) {
            printLinkList(head);
                node *reHead = reverseFunc1(head);
                printLinkList(reHead);
                free(reHead);    
    }
        free(head);
        return 0;
    }

7、 实现一个字符串“how are you”的逆序输出(编程语言不限)。如给定字符串为“hello world”,输出结果应当为“world hello”。

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int spliterFunc(char *p) {
    char c[100][100];
        int i = 0;
        int j = 0;
    
        while (*p != '\0') {
            if (*p == ' ') {
                    i++;
                        j = 0;
                    } else {
                    c[i][j] = *p;
                        j++;
                    }
                p++;    
    
    }
    
        for (int k = i; k >= 0; k--) {
            printf("%s", c[k]);
                if (k > 0) {
                    printf(" ");
                    } else {
                    printf("\n");
                      }
            }    return 0;
    
    }

8、 给定一个字符串,输出本字符串中只出现一次并且最靠前的那个字符的位置?如“abaccddeeef”,字符是b,输出应该是2。

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char *strOutPut(char *);

int compareDifferentChar(char, char *);

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {    
        char *inputStr = "abaccddeeef";
        char *outputStr = strOutPut(inputStr);
        printf("%c \n", *outputStr);
        return 0;
    }

char *strOutPut(char *s) {
    char str[100];
        char *p = s;
        int index = 0;
        while (*s != '\0') {
            if (compareDifferentChar(*s, p) == 1) {
                    str[index] = *s;
                        index++;
                    }
                s++;
            }
        return &str;}

int compareDifferentChar(char c, char *s) {
    int i = 0;
        while (*s != '\0' && i<= 1) {
            if (*s == c) {
                    i++;
                    }
                s++;    }
        if (i == 1) {
            return 1;
            } else {
            return 0;
            }
    }

9、 二叉树的先序遍历为FBACDEGH,中序遍历为:ABDCEFGH,请写出这个二叉树的后序遍历结果。 ADECBHGF

  • 先序+中序遍历还原二叉树:先序遍历是:ABDEGCFH 中序遍历是:DBGEACHF

首先从先序得到第一个为A,就是二叉树的根,回到中序,可以将其分为三部分:

左子树的中序序列DBGE,根A,右子树的中序序列CHF 接着将左子树的序列回到先序可以得到B为根,这样回到左子树的中序再次将左子树分割为三部分: 左子树的左子树D,左子树的根B,左子树的右子树GE 同样地,可以得到右子树的根为C 类似地将右子树分割为根C,右子树的右子树HF,注意其左子树为空 如果只有一个就是叶子不用再进行了,刚才的GE和HF再次这样运作,就可以将二叉树还原了。

10、 打印2-100之间的素数。

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int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    for (int i = 2; i < 100; i++) {
            int r = isPrime(i);
                if (r == 1) {
                    printf("%ld ", i);
                    }
            }
        return 0;
    }

int isPrime(int n){
    int i, s;
        for(i = 2; i <= sqrt(n); i++)
            if(n % i == 0)  return 0;
            return 1;
    }

11、 求两个整数的最大公约数。

int gcd(int a, int b) {
    int temp = 0;
        if (a < b) {
            temp = a;
                a = b;
                b = temp;
            }        while (b != 0) {
            temp = a % b;
                a = b;
                b = temp;
            }
        return a;
    }

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