Django进阶——高级视图和url配置

一.urls具名分组用法：

url(r'^reviews/(?P[0-9]{4})/(?P[0-9]{2})/(?P[0-9]{2})/$',
views.review_detail)

二.为视图函数传递参数

urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^reviews/(?P[0-9]{4})/$',
            views.year_archive,
            {'foo': 'bar'}
        ),
]

# 接收参数，同时可以指定默认参数
def year_archive(request, year="xxx",foo="yyy"):  
    ...

三.定制错误页面

• 修改配置 myblog/settings.py

DEBUG = False  # 关闭Debug
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] # 配置allowrd_hosts

• 自定义错误页面 myblog/templates/xxx.html
• 视图函数 myblog/views.py

def page_not_found(request):
    return render(request,'page_error.html')

def page_error(request):
    return render(request,'page_error')

def page_forbidden(request):
    return render(request,'page_forbidden.html')

def bad_request(request):
    return render(request,'bad_request.html')

• url配置 myblog/urls.py

from .views import *
urlpatterns = [...]

handler404 = page_not_found
handler500 = page_error
handler403 = page_forbidden
handler400 = bad_request

四.url引入配置用法

用法1： url() 引入额外的 URL 模式

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from apps.main import views as main_views
from credit import views as credit_views

extra_patterns = [
    url(r'^reports/(?P[0-9]+)/$', credit_views.report),
    url(r'^charge/$', credit_views.charge),
]
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', main_views.homepage),   # 直接调用视图函数
    url(r'^help/', include('apps.help.urls')),  #引入urls模块
    url(r'^credit/', include(extra_patterns)),  #引入其他urlpatterns
]

用法2:提取共用的路径前缀

urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^(?P\w+)-(?P\w+)/history/$',
            views.history),
        url(r'^(?P\w+)-(?P\w+)/edit/$',
    views.edit),
        url(r'^(?P\w+)-(?P\w+)/discuss/$',
            views.discuss),
        url(r'^(?P\w+)-(?P\w+)/permissions/$',
views.permissions),
]

改为↓↓↓

urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^(?P\w+)-(?P\w+)/',
            include([
                url(r'^history/$', views.history),
                url(r'^edit/$', views.edit),
                url(r'^discuss/$', views.discuss),
                url(r'^permissions/$', views.permissions),
]) ),
]

五.反向解析 URL

• URL 反转所需的工具:

  • 模板中：使用 url 模板标签。
  • Python 代码中：使用 django.core.urlresolvers.reverse() 函数。
  • 在处理 Django 模型实例 URL 相关的高层代码中：使用 get_absolute_url() 方法。

• 示例：

在模板中

"{% url 'reviews-year-archive' 2012 %}">2012 Archive
或
"{% url 'reviews-year-archive' yearvar %}">{{
    yearvar }} Archive

在python代码中

from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect

def redirect_to_year(request):
    ...
    year = 2012
    ...
    return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('reviews-year-archive', args=(year,)))

六.命名空间

方式一：

#把 reviews.urls 中定义的 URL 放在应用命名空间 reviews 中，放在实例命名空间 author-reviews中
url(r'^reviews/', include('reviews.urls',namespace='author-reviews',app_name='reviews')),

方式二：

from django.conf.urls import include, url
from . import views

reviews_patterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    url(r'^(?P\d+)/$', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),]

url(r'^reviews/', include((reviews_patterns, 'reviews', 'author-reviews'))),

引入包含命名空间数据的对象。如果使用 include() 引入一组 url() 实例，那个对象中 的 URL 都添加到全局命名空间中。上述代码把指定的 URL 模式引入指定的应用和实例命名空间中。