python基础数据类型dict

dict:用{}括起来,以键值对的形式存储的容器性数据类型

dic={'name';'jackma','age':18}

dict的键必须要不可变的数据类型:int、str

值可以是任意类型的数据、对象

字典在python3.7版本后是有序的

字典的优点:查询速度非常快,存储关联型数据

字典的缺点:占用空间大,以空间换时间

字典的创建方式

dic = dict((('one',1),('two',2),('three',3)))
print(dic)    #    {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}

dic1 = dict({'one':1,'two':2,'three':3})

dic2 = dict(one=1,two=2,three=3)
print(dic2)    #    {'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3}

 

字典的增加,改

dic = {'name':'jack','age':20}
dic['sex'] = 'male'    #如果有sex这个键,就替换值,如果没有sex,就增加键值对
print(dic)

dic = {'name':'jack','age':20}
# seldefault:没有键,就添加键值对,没有指定值,就默认添加值为None,有这个键值对,就不改变
dic.setdefault('sex')    # {'name': 'jack', 'age': 20, 'sex': None} 
dic.setdefault('sex','male')    #{'name': 'jack', 'age': 20, 'sex':'male'}

dic = {'name':'jack','age':20}
dic1 = {'name':'tony','age':30,'sex':'male'}
# update
dic.update(job='ceo')    # 增加键值对
dic.update(name='robin')    # 修改值
dic.update([(1,'a'),(2,'b'),(3,'c')])# 利用元祖拆包,增加键值对{'name':'jack','age':20, 1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'}
dic.update(dic1)  # 覆盖增加,将重复的键对应的值修改,没有的键值对就直接增加


# fromkeys
dic = dict.fromkeys('abc',10)
print(dic)    # {'a': 10, 'b': 10, 'c': 10}

dic = dict.fromkeys([1,2,3],100)
print(dic)    # {'a': 10, 'b': 10, 'c': 10}

dic = dict.fromkeys([1,2,3],['a','b','c'])
print(dic)    # {1: ['a', 'b', 'c'], 2: ['a', 'b', 'c'], 3: ['a', 'b', 'c']}

dic = dict.fromkeys([1,2,3],[])
dic.[1].append(666)
print(dic)    # {1: [666], 2: [666], 3: [666]}

字典的删除

# pop:通过key删除字典的键值对,有返回值,可设置返回值
dic = {'name':'jack','age':20}
print(dic.pop('name'),dic)        #    jack {'age': 20}

dic = {'name':'jack','age':20}
print(dic.pop('sex','no key'))    # 当指定删除的key,不再dic中,就会返回指定的内容,这里返回no key

# clear:清空字典
dic = {'name':'jack','age':20}
dic.clean()
print(dic)    # {}

# del:通过key删除键值对,可以删除整个字典
dic = {'name':'jack','age':20}
del dic['name']
print(dic)    # {'age': 20}
del dic

# 循环删除字典中的键值对
dic = {'k1':2,'k2':3,'k3':4,'age':20}
for i in dic.keys():
    dic.pop(i)
print(dic)    # 这种写法会报错,因为循环的是字典的键,当删除了一个键值对后,字典就变了,循环体就变了
#正确写法
dic = {'k1':2,'k2':3,'k3':4,'age':20}
l = list(dic.keys())
for i in l:
    dic.pop(i)
print(dic)    # {}

字典的查询

dic = {'name':'jack','age':20,'job':'networker'}
print(dic['name'])    # 这种方式,当key不存在时,就会报错
print(dic.get('name','no key'))    # 当key不存在时,就返回设置的内容

dic = {'name':'jack','age':20,'job':'networker'}
print(dic.keys())    # dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'job'])
print(list(dic.keys()))    # ['name', 'age', 'job']
print(dic.values())    # dict_values(['jack', 20, 'networker'])
print(list(dic.values()))    # ['jack', 20, 'networker']


dic = {'name':'jack','age':20,'job':'networker'}
print(dic.items())    #dict_items([('name', 'jack'), ('age', 20), ('job', 'networker')])
print(list(dic.items()))    # [('name', 'jack'), ('age', 20), ('job', 'networker')]
for key,value in dic.items():
    print(key,value)

 

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