前言
程序开发过程中,难免会有的业务逻辑,或者算法之类产生让人能够感知的耗时操作,例如循环中对复杂逻辑处理;获取数据库百万乃至千万级数据;http请求的时候等......
用户在使用UI操作并不知道程序的内部处理,从而误操作导致程序无响应,关闭程序等待影响体验的情况,因此,在等待过程中提供友好的等待提示是有必要的,接下来
我们一起封装一个自定义进度条控件!
主要使用技术(C#相关)
BackgroundWoker异步模型ProgressBar控件- 泛型
- 定时器
System.Timers.Timer
自定义控件开发
项目解决方案
- BackgroundworkerEx : 自定义进度条控件工程
- Test : 调用BackgroundworkerEx的工程(只是展示如何调用)
处理控件样式
-
新建一个ProgressbarEx名称的 用户控件
-
添加Labal控件(lblTips),用于展示进度条显示的信息状态
-
添加一个PictureBox控件(PicStop),充当关闭按钮,用于获取用户点击事件,触发关闭/终止进度条
-
添加进度条ProgressBar控件(MainProgressBar)
-
处理代码如下:
- 进度条样式为"不断循环",并且速度为50
- 该自定义用户控件不展示在任务栏中
- 图片控件被点击事件------>设置当前属性
IsStop=true,指示过程终止; TipMessage属性,用于设置进度条的信息SetProgressValue(int value)设置进度条的Value属性,使得在ProgressBarStyle.Marquee样式中动画平滑MouseDown/MouseUp/MouseMove这三个事件是用于拖动无边框的用户控件(代码就不贴了)
public ProgressbarEx()
{
InitializeComponent();
MainProgressBar.Style = ProgressBarStyle.Marquee;
MainProgressBar.MarqueeAnimationSpeed = 50;
this.ShowInTaskbar = false;
PicStop.Click += (s, eve) =>
{
IsStop = true;
};
this.MouseDown += CusProgressForm_MouseDown;
this.MouseUp += CusProgressForm_MouseUp;
this.MouseMove += CusProgressForm_MouseMove;
}
///
/// Need Stop ?
///
public bool IsStop { get; private set; } = false;
///
/// TipMessage
///
public string TipMessage { get; set; }
///
/// TipMessage
///
public string TipMessage
{
get
{
return lblTips.Text;
}
set
{
lblTips.Text = value;
}
}
///
/// Set ProgressBar value ,which makes ProgressBar smooth
///
///
public void SetProgressValue(int value)
{
if (MainProgressBar.Value == 100) MainProgressBar.Value = 0;
MainProgressBar.Value += value;
}
到现在,这个自定义进度条控件的样式基本完成了.
功能逻辑处理
运行前所需
- 定义
BackgroundWorkerEx泛型类,并且继承于IDisposable- 释放资源;
///
/// Dispose
///
public void Dispose()
{
try
{
DoWork = null;
RunWorkCompleted = null;
WorkStoped = null;
_mWorkerThread = null;
_mWorker.Dispose();
_mWorker = null;
_mTimer = null;
}
catch (Exception){}
}
T用与异步处理的时候,传递T类型
- 因为我们是通过.Net 的
BackgroundWorker异步模型来做的,所以我们理所当然定义相关的事件:- 异步开始
- 异步完成
- 加上我们自定义扩展的异步停止
- ......报告进度事件在此进度条样式中并不需要
我们先定义这四个事件所用到的参数,因为在BackgroundWorkerEx泛型类中,我们还是使用BackgroundWorker来处理异步过程,因此我们定义的参数泛型类需要继承原来的参数类型,并且在传输传递中,将原生BackgroundWorker的Argument,Result属性转成全局的泛型T,这样我们在外部调用的时候,拿到的返回结果就是我们传入到BackgroundWorkerEx泛型类中的T类型,而不需要使用as进行转换; 注:因为原生没有停止相关事件,所以自定义异步停止的事件参数使用的是DoWorkEventArgs
public class DoWorkEventArgs : DoWorkEventArgs
{
public new T Argument { get; set; }
public new T Result { get; set; }
public DoWorkEventArgs(object argument) : base(argument)
{
Argument = (T)argument;
}
}
public class RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs : RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs
{
public new T Result { get; set; }
public RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs(object result, Exception error, bool cancelled) : base(result, error, cancelled)
{
Result = (T)result;
}
}
接着我们需要去定义事件,参数使用以上定义的泛型类
public delegate void DoWorkEventHandler(DoWorkEventArgs Argument);
///
/// StartAsync
///
public event DoWorkEventHandler DoWork;
public delegate void StopEventHandler(DoWorkEventArgs Argument);
///
/// StopAsync
///
public event StopEventHandler WorkStoped;
public delegate void RunWorkCompletedEventHandler(RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs Argument);
///
/// FinishAsync
///
public event RunWorkCompletedEventHandler RunWorkCompleted;
- 定义全局的字段
private BackgroundWorker _mWorker = null;异步操作必要;private T _mWorkArg = default(T);操作传递进来的参数类并且返回到外部private Timer _mTimer;定时器检测自定义进度条控件属性IsStop是否为true,并且动态修改进度条消息private Thread _mWorkerThread = null;异步操作在该线程中,终止时调用About()抛出ThreadAbortException异常,用于标记当前是停止而不是完成状态private int _miWorkerStartDateSecond = 0;异步消耗时间(非必要)private int _miShowProgressCount = 0;动态显示"."的个数(非必要)private ProgressbarEx _mfrmProgressForm = null;自定义进度条控件实例
///
/// .Net BackgroundWorker
///
private BackgroundWorker _mWorker = null;
///
/// Whole Para
///
private T _mWorkArg = default(T);
///
/// Timer
///
private Timer _mTimer = null;
///
/// WorkingThread
///
private Thread _mWorkerThread = null;
///
/// Async time sec
///
private int _miWorkerStartDateSecond = 0;
///
/// Async time dot
///
private int _miShowProgressCount = 0;
///
/// ProgressbarEx
/// - 定义全局属性
IsBusy返回_mWorker的工作忙碌是否ProgressTip自定义进度条控件显示内容
///
/// Express Busy
///
public bool IsBusy
{
get
{
if (_mWorker != null)
{
return _mWorker.IsBusy;
}
return false;
}
}
///
/// 进度条提示 默认： 正在加载数据，请稍后[{0}]{1}
///
public string ProgressTip { get; set; } = "Elapsed Time[{0}]{1}";
**到现在,我们已经将必要的字段,属性,样式都处理完成!!! ** 接下来我们就要实现方法
方法实现
-
异步工作事件,用法与
BackgroundWorker一致,-
如果调用处没有注册
DoWork事件,则直接返回 -
将接受到的参数创建成泛型参数类
-
开线程,将异步操作放在该线程中操作,注意设置线程的
IsBackground=true,防止主进程意外退出,线程还在处理 -
循环直到线程结束
-
e.Result = Argument.Result;将结果赋予Result,在停止或者完成事件中可以获取到结果
-
///
/// Working
///
///
///
private void Worker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
if (DoWork == null)
{
e.Cancel = true;
return;
}
DoWorkEventArgs Argument = new DoWorkEventArgs(e.Argument);
try
{
if (_mWorkerThread != null && _mWorkerThread.IsAlive)
{
_mWorkerThread.Abort();
}
}
catch (Exception)
{
Thread.Sleep(50);
}
_mWorkerThread = new Thread(a =>
{
try
{
DoWork?.Invoke(a as DoWorkEventArgs);
}
catch (Exception)
{
}
});
_mWorkerThread.IsBackground = true;
_mWorkerThread.Start(Argument);
//Maybe cpu do not start thread
Thread.Sleep(20);
//Wait.....
while (_mWorkerThread.IsAlive)
{
Thread.Sleep(50);
}
e.Result = Argument.Result;
}
-
异步完成/停止
当线程停止抛出异常(catch但是不处理)/线程完成时会进入异步完成事件
- 完成后,将自定义进度条控件实例关闭,释放
- 将全局的
BackgroundWorker实例_mWorker相关事件取消注册,并且检查线程情况 - 感觉线程情况,如果线程状态为
ThreadState.Aborted意味着线程被停止了,调用停止事件,否则调用完成事件
///
/// Completed
///
///
///
private void Worker_RunWorkCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
{
try
{
if (_mfrmProgressForm != null)
{
_mfrmProgressForm.Close();
_mfrmProgressForm.Dispose();
_mfrmProgressForm = null;
}
if (_mWorker != null)
{
_mWorker.DoWork -= Worker_DoWork;
_mWorker.RunWorkerCompleted -= Worker_RunWorkCompleted;
try
{
if (_mWorkerThread != null && _mWorkerThread.IsAlive) _mWorkerThread.Abort();
}
catch (Exception) { }
}
//In timer, When stop progress will make thread throw AbortException
if (_mWorkerThread != null && _mWorkerThread.ThreadState == ThreadState.Aborted)
{
WorkStoped?.Invoke(new DoWorkEventArgs(_mWorkArg));
}
else
{
RunWorkCompleted?.Invoke(new RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs(e.Result, e.Error, e.Cancelled));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
-
线程开始
- 检查消息提醒内容 , {0}{1}同于显示异步耗时和".."的个数
- 在定时器执行方法中,检查
_mfrmProgressForm.IsStop是否为true,这个属性标志是否被停止;true则抛出异常 _mfrmProgressForm不为Null则不断修改当前的内容提醒,友好化,实际可以按需处理
////// Timer Start /// private void StartTimer() { //Check user ProgressTip if (!ProgressTip.Contains("{0}")) { ProgressTip += "...Elapsed Time{0}{1}"; } if (_mTimer != null) return; //On one sec _mTimer = new Timer(1000); _mTimer.Elapsed += (s, e) => { //progress and it's stop flag (picture stop)|| this stop flag if (_mfrmProgressForm != null && _mfrmProgressForm.IsStop) { if (_mWorker != null) { try { if (_mWorkerThread != null && _mWorkerThread.IsAlive) { if (_mTimer != null && _mTimer.Enabled) { _mTimer.Stop(); _mTimer = null; } _mWorkerThread.Abort(); } } catch (Exception) { } } } if (_mfrmProgressForm != null) { //Callback _mfrmProgressForm.Invoke(new Action(elapsedtime => { DateTime sTime = elapsedtime; //worked time _miWorkerStartDateSecond++; if (_mfrmProgressForm != null) { _mfrmProgressForm.SetProgressValue(_miWorkerStartDateSecond); } //.....count _miShowProgressCount++; if (_miShowProgressCount > 6) { _miShowProgressCount = 1; } string[] strs = new string[_miShowProgressCount]; string ProgressStr = string.Join(".", strs); string ProgressText = string.Format(ProgressTip, _miWorkerStartDateSecond, ProgressStr); if (_mfrmProgressForm != null) { _mfrmProgressForm.TipMessage = ProgressText; } }), e.SignalTime); } }; if (!_mTimer.Enabled) { _mTimer.Start(); } } -
最后一步:异步开始 与
BackgroundWorker用法一致,只是在最后开始了定时器和进度条控件而已////// Start AsyncWorl /// /// public void AsyncStart(T Para) { //if workeven is null ,express user do not regist event if (DoWork == null) { return; } _miWorkerStartDateSecond = 0; _miShowProgressCount = 0; //init if (_mWorker != null && _mWorker.IsBusy) { _mWorker.CancelAsync(); _mWorker = null; } _mWorker = new BackgroundWorker(); //create progressbar _mfrmProgressForm = new ProgressbarEx(); //add event _mWorker.DoWork += Worker_DoWork; _mWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += Worker_RunWorkCompleted; _mWorker.WorkerReportsProgress = true; _mWorker.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true; //Set Whole Para _mWorkArg = Para; _mWorker.RunWorkerAsync(Para); //Start timer StartTimer(); _mfrmProgressForm.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.CenterParent; _mfrmProgressForm.ShowDialog(); }
到这里,整个的进度条控件已经完成了!
调用
- 定义一个参数类
///
/// Para Class
///
public class ParaArg
{
public DataTable Data { get; set; }
public string Msg { get; set; }
public Exception Ex { get; set; }
}
- 定义全局的帮助类
BackgroundWorkerExworkHelper = null; - 调用
if (workHelper != null || (workHelper != null && workHelper.IsBusy))
{
workHelper.Dispose();
workHelper = null;
}
if (workHelper == null)
{
workHelper = new BackgroundWorkerEx();
}
workHelper.DoWork += (eve) =>
{
ParaArg args = eve.Argument;
try
{
//ToDo like Thread.Sleep(20000);
Thread.Sleep(10000);
args.Msg = "...this is bussiness code result";
throw new Exception("");
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
args.Ex = ex;
}
finally
{
eve.Result = args;
}
};
workHelper.RunWorkCompleted += (eve) =>
{
if (eve.Error != null)
{
//get .net backgroundworker exception;
//handle this exception;
//return ?
}
//get your para result
ParaArg x = eve.Result;
if (x.Ex != null)
{
//get your bussiness exception;
//handle this exception;
//return ?
}
//finially get your need;
//MayBe to do some UI hanlde and bussiness logical
string sReusltMsg = x.Msg;
};
workHelper.WorkStoped += (eve) =>
{
//if stoped ! it means no error;
//just get what you want;
ParaArg x = eve.Result as ParaArg;
btnBegin.Enabled = true;
};
//参数
ParaArg arg = new ParaArg()
{
Msg = "Msg"
};
workHelper.AsyncStart(arg);
最后
其实不管是封装的过程,还是调用,可以说完全就是BackgroundWorker的方式,所以很多BackgroundWorker相关的地方我都没有很详细的去说明;只要看看这个异步模型,就能够很好理解!大家有空也可以实现以下,有问题也可以详细,我比较喜欢交流技术~~~
还有一点就是这个解决方案已经放上Github上了,欢迎大家拉下来用
- GitHub地址 欢迎star/fork