按时间点恢复

按时间点恢复
数据库按时间点恢复,可以从要恢复的目标时间之前的备份中还的数据库,然后使用增量备份和重做日志来将数据库前滚到目标时间点,按时间点恢复也叫不完全恢复因为不使用所有的日志或者不完全恢复对数据库的所有改变。

数据库按时间点恢复所要满足的条件
1.数据库必须运行在archivelog模式下
2.必须要有恢复目标时间点之前所有数据文件的备份和在备份SCN与目标SCN之间所有的归档重做日志

每次以resetlogs选项打开数据库时一个新的数据库incarnation就会被创建。执行open resetlogs操作时就会对当前的联机重做日志文件进行归档。incarnation会将重做日志序列号设置为1,并且指联机重做日志一个新的时间戳。它也会增加incarnation的序号,它被用来唯一标记和识另重做日志流。

incarnation可能存在的几种关系
1.current incarnation是由那个incarnation执行open resetlog操作产生的,那个incarnation就是current incarnation的parent incarnation

2.parent incarnation和它parent incarnation的incarnation就叫作current incarnation的ancestor incarnations

3.如果两个incarnation共享相同的ancestor那么它们就是sibling incarnations

SQL> select * from v$database_incarnation;

INCARNATION# RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_TI PRIOR_RESETLOGS_CHANGE# PRIOR_RESETL STATUS  RESETLOGS_ID PRIOR_INCARNATION# FLASHBACK_DATABASE_ALLOWED
------------ ----------------- ------------ ----------------------- ------------ ------- ------------ ------------------ --------------------------
           1                 1 30-JUN-05                          0              PARENT     562360180                  0 NO
           2            446075 05-SEP-14                          1 30-JUN-05    PARENT     857466832                  1 NO
           3           2849317 27-JAN-15                     446075 05-SEP-14    PARENT     870102602                  2 NO
           4           2880152 27-JAN-15                    2849317 27-JAN-15    PARENT     870133266                  3 NO
           5           3017109 01-FEB-15                    2880152 27-JAN-15    PARENT     870550288                  4 NO
           6           3041066 01-FEB-15                    3017109 01-FEB-15    PARENT     870563157                  5 NO
           7           3041350 01-FEB-15                    3041066 01-FEB-15    PARENT     870564201                  6 YES
           8           3111834 03-FEB-15                    3041350 01-FEB-15    ORPHAN     870724654                  7 YES
           9           3111834 03-FEB-15                    3041350 01-FEB-15    ORPHAN     870726369                  7 YES
          10           3114665 03-FEB-15                    3041350 01-FEB-15    ORPHAN     870726883                  7 YES
          11           3114664 03-FEB-15                    3041350 01-FEB-15    CURRENT    870729934                  7 YES

11 rows selected.

RMAN> list incarnation;


List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1       1       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  1          30-JUN-05
2       2       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  446075     05-SEP-14
3       3       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  2849317    27-JAN-15
4       4       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  2880152    27-JAN-15
5       5       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3017109    01-FEB-15
6       6       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3041066    01-FEB-15
7       7       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3041350    01-FEB-15
8       8       TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3111834    03-FEB-15
9       9       TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3111834    03-FEB-15
11      11      TEST     2155613261       CURRENT 3114664    03-FEB-15
10      10      TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3114665    03-FEB-15

要执行按时间点恢复需要准备好以下两个条件:
1.决定要恢复到的目标时间,SCN,还原点或者日志序列号。闪回查询,闪回版本查询和闪回事务查询可能帮助你来识别逻辑错误。也可以检查alert.log的信息来帮助你判断恢复的目标时间点。另外也可以判断包含目标SCN的日志序列号然后通过日志进行恢复。例如,查询v$log_history来查看已经归档的日志信息。

SQL> select * from v$log_history;

     RECID      STAMP    THREAD#  SEQUENCE# FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME   NEXT_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_TI
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ------------ ------------ ----------------- ------------
       231  870563592          1          2       3041294 01-FEB-15         3041343           3041066 01-FEB-15
       232  870564201          1          3       3041343 01-FEB-15         3041349           3041066 01-FEB-15
       233  870597597          1          1       3041350 01-FEB-15         3063719           3041350 01-FEB-15
       234  870684680          1          2       3063719 02-FEB-15         3097923           3041350 01-FEB-15
       235  870724659          1          3       3097923 03-FEB-15         3114664           3041350 01-FEB-15
       236  870726371          1          1       3111834 03-FEB-15         3112739           3111834 03-FEB-15
       237  870726883          1          1       3111834 03-FEB-15         3114664           3111834 03-FEB-15
       238  870729935          1          1       3114665 03-FEB-15         3116367           3114665 03-FEB-15
       239  870769788          1          1       3114664 03-FEB-15         3135728           3114664 03-FEB-15

例如,如果你发在上午10点1分一个用户意外删除了一个表空间,那么可以将数据库恢复到上午10点,就是在删除表空间前的时间点。在恢复之后在上午10点之后的所有改变都会丢失.

2.如果使用目标时间表达式代替目标SCN,那么在使用RMAN之前要确保时间格式的环境变量设置合适。
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK
NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'

使用current incarnation来执行按时间点恢复
使用current incarnation执行按时间点恢复时是使用的当前版本的控制文件。当执行按时间点恢复时,可以使用set until命令来设置恢复的目标时间,而不用对restotre和recover命令单独设置until子句从而避免出错。这能确保从备份中还原的数据文件的时间戳早于后续的recover操作。

按时间点恢复的过程如下:
我们把scott用户下的表emp中的所有记录删除,并且在删除之前记录了当前系统的SCN,然后执行按时间点恢复来恢复表中的记录。

SQL> select current_scn from v$database;

CURRENT_SCN
-----------
    3142264

SQL> select to_char(scn_to_timestamp(3142264),'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SCN_TO_TIME
-------------------
2015-02-04 11:22:29

SQL>  select * from v$log;

    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES    MEMBERS ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------
         1          1          4   52428800          1 NO  CURRENT                3142228 04-FEB-15
         3          1          3   52428800          1 YES INACTIVE               3142176 04-FEB-15
         2          1          2   52428800          1 YES INACTIVE               3135728 04-FEB-15


SQL> select * from emp;

     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE            SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80           800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81          1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-FEB-81          1250        500         30
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-APR-81          2975                    20
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-SEP-81          1250       1400         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-MAY-81          2850                    30
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-JUN-81          2450                    10
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-APR-87          3000                    20
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-NOV-81          5000                    10
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-SEP-81          1500          0         30
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-MAY-87          1100                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-DEC-81           950                    30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-DEC-81          3000                    20
      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-JAN-82          1300                    10

14 rows selected.

SQL> delete from emp;

14 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from emp;

no rows selected

1.连接到目标数据库或恢复目录(如果有),将数据库启动到mount状态:

[oracle@oracle11g ~]$ rman target/

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production on Wed Feb 4 10:25:34 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup mount

Oracle instance started
database mounted

Total System Global Area     327155712 bytes

Fixed Size                     1273516 bytes
Variable Size                138412372 bytes
Database Buffers             184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers                   2920448 bytes

2.运行RUN块来执行按时间点恢复。在RUN块中使用set until来指定恢复的目标时间,还原点,SCN或日志序列号。如果指定的是目标时间,那么使用NLS_LANG和NLS_DATE_FORMAT环境变量所指定的格式。如果自动通道没有配置,那么要为访问的磁盘或磁带分配通道。

RMAN> run
2> {
3>  set until scn 3142264;
4>  restore database;
5>  recover database;
6> }

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 04-FEB-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=157 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/example01.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/test01.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/testbak.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/test_df870779983_s135_s1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u02/test_df870779983_s135_s1 tag=TAG20150204T111943
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:29
Finished restore at 04-FEB-15

Starting recover at 04-FEB-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished recover at 04-FEB-15

从alert日志文件中可以看到如下信息:

The input backup piece /u02/test_df870779983_s135_s1 is in compressed format.
Full restore complete of datafile 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/test01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:01
  checkpoint is 3142189
Full restore complete of datafile 7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/testbak.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:06
  checkpoint is 3142189
Full restore complete of datafile 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:09
  checkpoint is 3142189
  last deallocation scn is 3111848
Wed Feb 04 11:25:47 CST 2015
Full restore complete of datafile 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:37
  checkpoint is 3142189
  last deallocation scn is 3106509
Wed Feb 04 11:25:58 CST 2015
Full restore complete of datafile 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/example01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:00:46
  checkpoint is 3142189
  last deallocation scn is 2526488
Wed Feb 04 11:26:57 CST 2015
Full restore complete of datafile 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:01:47
  checkpoint is 3142189
  last deallocation scn is 3099893
Wed Feb 04 11:27:32 CST 2015
Full restore complete of datafile 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf.  Elapsed time: 0:02:20
  checkpoint is 3142189
  last deallocation scn is 3101877
Wed Feb 04 11:27:39 CST 2015
alter database recover datafile list clear
Wed Feb 04 11:27:39 CST 2015
Completed: alter database recover datafile list clear
Wed Feb 04 11:27:39 CST 2015
alter database recover datafile list
 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7
Completed: alter database recover datafile list
 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7
Wed Feb 04 11:27:39 CST 2015
alter database recover if needed
 start until change 3142264
Media Recovery Start
Wed Feb 04 11:27:40 CST 2015
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 3 Seq 3 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo03.log
Wed Feb 04 11:27:40 CST 2015
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 1 Seq 4 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/redo01.log
Wed Feb 04 11:27:40 CST 2015
Incomplete Recovery applied until change 3142277
Wed Feb 04 11:27:40 CST 2015
Media Recovery Complete (test)
Completed: alter database recover if needed
 start until change 3142264

从上面的恢复过程可以看到,首先从备份中还原数据文件,各个数据文件的checkpoint scn是3142189比我们的恢复目标SCN小,然后应用重做日志文件将数据库恢复到目标SCN所对应的时间点。

set until还可以使用时间表达式,还原点或者日志序列事情作为它的恢复目标时间点
set until time '2015-02-04 11:22:29';
set until sequence 4;
set until restore point before_delete;

如果按时间点恢复成功。可以以只读方式打开数据库来检查表emp的数据是否恢复回来了。如果表emp的记录没有恢复回来,可能我们选错了恢复目标SCN。在这种情况下,可以使用新的恢复目标SCN然后重新执行按时间点恢复。

RMAN> sql 'alter database open read only';

sql statement: alter database open read only

SQL> select * from emp;

     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE            SAL       COMM     DEPTNO
---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 17-DEC-80           800                    20
      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 20-FEB-81          1600        300         30
      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 22-FEB-81          1250        500         30
      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 02-APR-81          2975                    20
      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 28-SEP-81          1250       1400         30
      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 01-MAY-81          2850                    30
      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 09-JUN-81          2450                    10
      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 19-APR-87          3000                    20
      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            17-NOV-81          5000                    10
      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 08-SEP-81          1500          0         30
      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 23-MAY-87          1100                    20
      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 03-DEC-81           950                    30
      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 03-DEC-81          3000                    20
      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 23-JAN-82          1300                    10

14 rows selected.

从上面的结果可知表emp的记录通过按时间点恢复已经找回来了。

如果按时间点恢复经过验证后达到了恢复目标,可以有如下选择:
1.使用oracle导出工具将恢复的表emp进行逻辑导出。然后将数据库恢复到当前时间点后,再导入导出的数据。这样在不会丢失数据库的其它改变而又恢复了表emp的数据。

2.以读写方式打开数据库,这样在恢复目标SCN之后的所有改变将会丢失。当前的联机重做日志文件会被归档,日志序列号会被设置为1,并且所有的联机重做日志会被指定新的时间戳和SCN。

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

database opened

使用ancestor incarnation执行按时间点恢复
使用ancestor incarnation执行按时间点恢复与使用current incarnation的不同之处在于需要设置数据库的incarnation.并且必须从包含恢复目标SCN的incarnation中还原控制文件。

不使用recover catalog的情况
比如我们要将数据库恢复到scott用户的emp表被删除之后的时间点,对older incarnation执行按时间点恢复的过程如下:

1.判断要使用的incarnation。可以使用list incarnation命令来找到恢复目标时间所对应的incarnation

RMAN> list incarnation;


List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1       1       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  1          2005-06-30 19:09:40
2       2       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  446075     2014-09-05 09:13:52
3       3       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  2849317    2015-01-27 15:10:02
4       4       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  2880152    2015-01-27 23:41:06
5       5       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3017109    2015-02-01 19:31:28
6       6       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3041066    2015-02-01 23:05:57
7       7       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3041350    2015-02-01 23:23:21
8       8       TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3111834    2015-02-03 19:57:34
9       9       TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3111834    2015-02-03 20:26:09
11      11      TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3114664    2015-02-03 21:25:34
10      10      TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3114665    2015-02-03 20:34:43
12      12      TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3142278    2015-02-04 11:40:02
13      13      TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3144077    2015-02-04 13:09:03
14      14      TEST     2155613261       CURRENT 3144537    2015-02-04 13:32:41

当前的incarnation的Inc Key为14.通过下面的查询可以找到它之前的incarnation的Inc Key为13:

SQL> select prior_incarnation# from v$database_incarnation where status ='CURRENT';

PRIOR_INCARNATION#
------------------
                13

2.将数据库启动到mount状态

RMAN> startup  mount

Oracle instance started
database mounted

Total System Global Area     327155712 bytes

Fixed Size                     1273516 bytes
Variable Size                138412372 bytes
Database Buffers             184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers                   2920448 bytes

3.将数据库test的incarnation设置为incarnation号为13,也就是current incarnation的parent incarnation。

RMAN> reset database to incarnation 13;

database reset to incarnation 13

4.执行还原与恢复,设置恢复目标时间,如果没有配置相关通道设置通道。将数据库恢复到表emp删除之后的时间点(2015-02-04 13:30:01):

RMAN> run
2> {
3> set until time '2015-02-04 13:30:01';
4> restore database;
5> recover database;
6> }

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 2015-02-04 13:54:37
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/example01.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/test01.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/testbak.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/test_df870779983_s135_s1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u02/test_df870779983_s135_s1 tag=TAG20150204T111943
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:37
Finished restore at 2015-02-04 13:57:14

Starting recover at 2015-02-04 13:57:14
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log thread 1 sequence 3 is already on disk as file /u02/1_3_870729934.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 4 is already on disk as file /u02/1_4_870729934.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u02/1_1_870781202.dbf
archive log filename=/u02/1_3_870729934.dbf thread=1 sequence=3
archive log filename=/u02/1_4_870729934.dbf thread=1 sequence=4
archive log filename=/u02/1_1_870781202.dbf thread=1 sequence=1
archive log filename=/u02/1_1_870786543.dbf thread=1 sequence=1
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 2015-02-04 13:57:18

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

database opened


RMAN> list incarnation;


List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1       1       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  1          2005-06-30 19:09:40
2       2       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  446075     2014-09-05 09:13:52
3       3       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  2849317    2015-01-27 15:10:02
4       4       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  2880152    2015-01-27 23:41:06
5       5       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3017109    2015-02-01 19:31:28
6       6       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3041066    2015-02-01 23:05:57
7       7       TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3041350    2015-02-01 23:23:21
8       8       TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3111834    2015-02-03 19:57:34
9       9       TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3111834    2015-02-03 20:26:09
11      11      TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3114664    2015-02-03 21:25:34
10      10      TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3114665    2015-02-03 20:34:43
12      12      TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3142278    2015-02-04 11:40:02
13      13      TEST     2155613261       PARENT  3144077    2015-02-04 13:09:03
14      14      TEST     2155613261       ORPHAN  3144537    2015-02-04 13:32:41
15      15      TEST     2155613261       CURRENT 3144674    2015-02-04 13:58:43

使用recover catalog的情况
比如我们要将数据库恢复到scott用户的emp表被删除之后的时间点,对older incarnation执行按时间点恢复的过程如下:

1.判断要使用的incarnation。可以使用list incarnation命令来找到恢复目标时间所对应的incarnation

RMAN> list incarnation;


List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1       8       TEST     2168949517       PARENT  1          2010-04-19 10:22:46
1       2       TEST     2168949517       PARENT  383537     2015-02-04 17:44:49
1       102     TEST     2168949517       PARENT  415176     2015-02-04 18:22:16
1       188     TEST     2168949517       CURRENT 415481     2015-02-04 18:33:17



当前的incarnation的Inc Key为188.通过下面的查询可以找到它之前的incarnation的Inc Key为102:我们将数据库恢复到2015-02-04 18:22:30,也就是在SCN:415176和SCN:415481之间。

RMAN> list backup of controlfile;


List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
75      Full    6.80M      DISK        00:00:01     2015-02-04 18:11:38
        BP Key: 77   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20150204T181137
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST/autobackup/2015_02_04/o1_mf_s_870804697_bf3w2t62_.bkp
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 415111       Ckp time: 2015-02-04 18:11:37

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
139     Full    6.80M      DISK        00:00:02     2015-02-04 18:22:45
        BP Key: 144   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20150204T182243
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST/autobackup/2015_02_04/o1_mf_s_870805363_bf3wqnyv_.bkp
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 415288       Ckp time: 2015-02-04 18:22:43

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
236     Full    6.80M      DISK        00:00:03     2015-02-04 18:33:39
        BP Key: 242   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20150204T183336
        Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST/autobackup/2015_02_04/o1_mf_s_870806016_bf3xd2wl_.bkp
  Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 415765       Ckp time: 2015-02-04 18:33:36

从上面的控制文件备份信息可以看到要恢复到2015-02-04 18:22:30这个时间点应该使用控制文件备份是o1_mf_s_870805363_bf3wqnyv_.bkp

2.将数据库强制启动到nomount状态

RMAN> startup force nomount

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     327155712 bytes

Fixed Size                     1273516 bytes
Variable Size                138412372 bytes
Database Buffers             184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers                   2920448 bytes

3.将数据库test的incarnation设置为incarnation号为102,也就是current incarnation的parent incarnation。

RMAN> reset database to incarnation 102;

database reset to incarnation 102

RMAN> list incarnation;


List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1       8       TEST     2168949517       PARENT  1          2010-04-19 10:22:46
1       2       TEST     2168949517       PARENT  383537     2015-02-04 17:44:49
1       102     TEST     2168949517       CURRENT 415176     2015-02-04 18:22:16
1       188     TEST     2168949517       ORPHAN  415481     2015-02-04 18:33:17

4.执行还原与恢复,设置恢复目标时间,如果没有配置相关通道设置通道。还原控制文件,将数据库恢复到表emp删除之后的时间点(2015-02-04 18:22:30):

RMAN> restore controlfile;

Starting restore at 2015-02-04 18:44:23
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST/autobackup/2015_02_04/o1_mf_s_870805363_bf3wqnyv_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST/autobackup/2015_02_04/o1_mf_s_870805363_bf3wqnyv_.bkp tag=TAG20150204T182243
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control01.ctl
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control02.ctl
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 2015-02-04 18:44:29

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN> restore database until time '2015-02-04 18:22:30';

Starting restore at 2015-02-04 18:47:15
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 2015-02-04 18:47:15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=156 devtype=DISK
Crosschecked 4 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 2015-02-04 18:47:17

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 2015-02-04 18:47:17
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 2015-02-04 18:47:17

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST/autobackup/2015_02_04/o1_mf_s_870805363_bf3wqnyv_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST/autobackup/2015_02_04/o1_mf_s_870806016_bf3xd2wl_.bkp

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST/backupset/2015_02_04/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150204T181037_bf3w0y1f_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/TEST/backupset/2015_02_04/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150204T181037_bf3w0y1f_.bkp tag=TAG20150204T181037
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
Finished restore at 2015-02-04 18:48:32

将数据文件还原到2015-02-04 18:22:30这个时间点,下面执行恢复,要注意的是在执行恢复操作之前还需要执行reset database to incarnation 102否则会报错:

RMAN> recover database until time '2015-02-04 18:22:30';

Starting recover at 2015-02-04 18:49:05
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 02/04/2015 18:49:05
RMAN-06004: ORACLE error from recovery catalog database: RMAN-20011: target database incarnation is not current in recovery catalog

再次执行 reset database to incarnation 102;

RMAN> reset database to incarnation 102;

database reset to incarnation 102

RMAN> recover database until time '2015-02-04 18:22:30';

Starting recover at 2015-02-04 18:49:21
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log thread 1 sequence 3 is already on disk as file /u02/1_3_870803089.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 4 is already on disk as file /u02/1_4_870803089.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u02/1_1_870805336.dbf
archive log filename=/u02/1_3_870803089.dbf thread=1 sequence=3
archive log filename=/u02/1_4_870803089.dbf thread=1 sequence=4
archive log filename=/u02/1_1_870805336.dbf thread=1 sequence=1
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 2015-02-04 18:49:24

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

database opened
new incarnation of database registered in recovery catalog
starting full resync of recovery catalog
full resync complete

RMAN> list incarnation;


List of Database Incarnations
DB Key  Inc Key DB Name  DB ID            STATUS  Reset SCN  Reset Time
------- ------- -------- ---------------- --- ---------- ----------
1       8       TEST     2168949517       PARENT  1          2010-04-19 10:22:46
1       2       TEST     2168949517       PARENT  383537     2015-02-04 17:44:49
1       102     TEST     2168949517       PARENT  415176     2015-02-04 18:22:16
1       308     TEST     2168949517       CURRENT 415183     2015-02-04 18:49:41
1       188     TEST     2168949517       ORPHAN  415481     2015-02-04 18:33:17

可以看到恢复完成之后当前的incarnation对应的reset scn号在415176与415481之间,达到了我们所期待的结果。

来自 “ ITPUB博客 ” ,链接:http://blog.itpub.net/26015009/viewspace-1426636/,如需转载,请注明出处,否则将追究法律责任。

转载于:http://blog.itpub.net/26015009/viewspace-1426636/

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