java与web数据库必考知识点:
1、struts2框架中action类的配置文件怎么写
2、JDBC数据库连接代码,preparedstatement接口查询数据库的代码
3、javabeans类的编写
4、如何通过EL表达式语言访问javabeans对象的属性
5、java servlet中如何获取用户通过表单发送的参数?
6、jsp:useBean jsp:setProperty和jsp:getProperty标签 的基本使用
说明:上述问题不是考简答题,而是以编程题的形式出现。
首先struts2的框架是用来做视图渲染的,和SpringMVC差不多的功能,无非就是将Http请求转发到相应的方法,然后根据方法的返回值来进行对应的视图渲染并且返回给用户。
所以,action类就是对应的这里的方法,struts2会将用户的请求转发到action类,并且筛选相应的方法处理。那么,如何精准定位到准确的action类,这就需要配置文件了:
<struts>
<package name="demo" extends="struts-default" namespace="/demo">
<action name="demoAction" class="cn.bestrivenlf.demo.DemoAction" >
<result name="helloworld" type="dispatcher" >helloWorld.jspresult>
<result name="error" type="dispatcher" >error.jspresult>
<result >default.jspresult>
action>
package>
struts>
下面写一个测试用例:
package demo
public class DemoAction{
public String param2;
public String getParam2(){
return this.param2;
}
public void getParam2(String p){
this.param2=p;
}
public String helloworld(){
return "helloworld";//会返回helloWorld.jsp页面
}
public String error(){
return "error";//会返回error.jsp页面
}
public String default(){
return "default";//会返回default.jsp页面
}
}
前台跳转方式:
<a href="demo/demoAction!helloworld">进入helloworld.jsp页面a>
<a href="demo/demoAction!error">进入error.jsp页面a>
<a href="demo/demoAction!default">进入defaultd.jsp页面a>
package demo;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class JDBCdemo {
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
//驱动包
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//连接信息 :地址、用户名、密码
String url = "jdbc:mysql://120.78.209.159:3306/myWebsite?characterEncoding=utf-8";
String username = "myWebsite";
String password = "60085040";
Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password);
//System.out.println(connection);
//查询语句
String selectSql = "select * from user_account_tb ";
//插入语句
String insertSql = "insert into user_account_tb values(?,?,?,?,?,?,1)";
//更新语句
String updateSql = "update user_account_tb set username=? where id=?";
//删除语句
String deleteSql = "delete from user_account_tb where id = 'test'";
//执行插入
insert(connection, insertSql);
//执行查询
select(connection, selectSql);
//执行更新
update(connection, updateSql);
//查询验证
select(connection, selectSql);
//执行删除
delete(connection, deleteSql);
//查询验证
select(connection, selectSql);
//关闭连接
connection.close();
}
public static void insert(Connection connection,String insertSql)throws Exception {
PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(insertSql);
preparedStatement.setString(1, "test");
preparedStatement.setString(2, "test");
preparedStatement.setString(3, "test");
preparedStatement.setString(4, "test");
preparedStatement.setString(5, "test");
preparedStatement.setString(6, "test");
int row = preparedStatement.executeUpdate();
if(row>0) {
System.out.println("插入成功");
}
preparedStatement.close();
}
public static List<User> select(Connection connection,String selectSql)throws Exception {
PreparedStatement statement = connection.prepareStatement(selectSql);
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(selectSql);
List<User> userList = new ArrayList<>();
System.out.println("-----------查询结果-------------");
while(resultSet.next()) {
User user = new User();
user.setId(resultSet.getString(1));
user.setUsername(resultSet.getString(2));
user.setPassword(resultSet.getString(3));
user.setSalt(resultSet.getString(4));
user.setDate(resultSet.getString(5));
user.setNewdate(resultSet.getString(6));
user.setDel_flag(resultSet.getInt(7));
userList.add(user);
System.out.println(user.toString());
}
statement.close();
System.out.println("------------------------------");
return userList;
}
public static void update(Connection connection,String updateSql)throws Exception {
PreparedStatement updatePs = connection.prepareStatement(updateSql);
updatePs.setString(1, "updateTest");
updatePs.setString(2, "test");
updatePs.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("更新成功");
updatePs.close();
}
public static void delete(Connection connection,String deleteSql)throws Exception {
PreparedStatement deletePs = connection.prepareStatement(deleteSql);
//deletePs.setString(1, "test");
int row = deletePs.executeUpdate(deleteSql);
if(row>0) {
System.out.println("删除成功");
}
deletePs.close();
}
}
运行截图
首先javaBean是什么?其实它就是一个java对象,用来具体它干啥的,书上讲的很详细。
然后javabean怎么用?既然它是一个java类,那肯定需要写java类,那我们先写一个java类User,它是用来存储用户信息的。这里我们就用到了id、username、password(ID在BaseEntity里面,这里是直接从项目里拿出来的代码,所以继承关系没有改,反正很好理解)
package demo;
/**
*
*title:User
*Description:用户信息类与数据库中User_tb对应
*college:HYIT
* @author 刘凡
* @date
*/
public class User extends BaseEntity {
private String username;
private String password;
private String salt;
private String newdate;
public User(String id) {
super(id);
}
public User() {
super();
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [username=" + username + ", password=" + password + ", salt=" + salt + ", newdate=" + newdate
+ "]";
}
public String getSalt() {
return salt;
}
public void setSalt(String salt) {
this.salt = salt;
}
public String getNewdate() {
return newdate;
}
public void setNewdate(String newdate) {
this.newdate = newdate;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
然后javaBean可以用在JSP里面,这样可以减少jsp中的java代码,提高代码可阅读性:
首先我们按照书上的例子来写一个表单提交:
<form action="display.jsp" >
I D:<input name="id" ><br><br>
昵称:<input name="username"><br><br>
密码:<input name="password"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
form>
单击提交按钮以后发生了什么?这里表单没有指定method,默认采用get方法提交,会看到地址后面接上问号然后带上参数,就这样把数据提交到了display.jsp页面
然后看display.jsp页面代码:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<jsp:useBean id="user" class="demo.User">
<jsp:setProperty name="user" property="*"/>
jsp:useBean>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>标题title>
head>
<body>
<h1>使用标签获取javaBean属性h1>
ID:<jsp:getProperty property="id" name="user"/><br>
昵称:<jsp:getProperty property="username" name="user"/><br>
密码:<jsp:getProperty property="password" name="user"/><br>
<h1>使用EL表达式获取javaBean属性h1>
ID:${user.getId()}<br>
昵称:${user.getUsername()}<br>
密码:${user.getPassword()}<br>
body>
html>
首先servlet是啥?其实servlet也是一个java类,不过它是实现了HttpServlet接口的java类,它用来干啥呢?其实就是处理Http请求的,还是以表单提交为例,当用户提交一个表单请求后,进入servlet处理会发生啥??
首先我们要注册一个Servlet,在哪里注册?我选择注解方式,其实用IDE自动创建servlet就会自动注册了
package demo;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class ProcessFormServlet
*/
@WebServlet("/ProcessFormServlet")//注册servlet注解方式
public class ProcessFormServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public ProcessFormServlet() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//处理表单请求
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String id = request.getParameter("id");
String username = request.getParameter("username");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
User user = new User();
user.setId(id);
user.setUsername(username);
user.setPassword(password);
//response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath()).append("\n"+user.toString());
request.setAttribute("user", user);
RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = request.getRequestDispatcher("display.jsp");
requestDispatcher.forward(request, response);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
doGet(request, response);
}
}
重点看doGet方法,因为我表单默认使用get提交请求,请求进来后表单页面提交的数据会根据name属性存放在request域中,使用request的getParameter方法取出来注入到User类,这就完成了业务逻辑的模拟,然后接下来我们将user返回给页面,只需要将user放回request域中,进行页面的一个转发,转发到display.jsp页面显示即可。
来看一下表单页面index.jsp代码:
<form action="ProcessFormServlet" >
I D:<input name="id" ><br><br>
昵称:<input name="username"><br><br>
密码:<input name="password"><br><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
form>
然后再display.jsp页面使用JavaBean的获取数据的方式来获取user对象的数据就可以了
<h1>使用标签获取javaBean属性h1>
ID:<jsp:getProperty property="id" name="user"/><br>
昵称:<jsp:getProperty property="username" name="user"/><br>
密码:<jsp:getProperty property="password" name="user"/><br>
<h1>使用EL表达式获取javaBean属性h1>
ID:${user.getId()}<br>
昵称:${user.getUsername()}<br>
密码:${user.getPassword()}<br>
当然了如果表单提交采用post的方式的话那么自然要实现servlet的doPost方法。