mysql+keepalived高可用集群环境搭建

所需环境：2台服务器+1个VIP地址，VIP作外部访问数据库使用。

本文中所用到的服务器为：192.1.1.158和192.1.1.160；VIP为192.1.1.161

操作系统为：CentOS 6.5（跟redhat6.5一样）

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*****************************************mysql 安装**********************************************

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1.下载系统对应rpm包(当前系统为CentOS6.5):

mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

2.使用rpm -qa|grep mysql命令查看当前系统中是否存在mysql的包。

如存在，使用rpm -e --nodeps 命令将对应的包卸载

3.安装mysql

rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.19-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

 

4MySQL的默认安装位置

/var/lib/mysql/ #数据库目录

/usr/share/mysql #配置文件目录

/usr/bin #相关命令目录

/etc/init.d/mysqld #启动脚本

5.初始化mysql以及设置密码

[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start #启动mysql

[root@localhost ~]# cat /root/.mysql_secret #查看root账号密码

# Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2017-07-20 16:30:12

ewBa8LKkumQn

[root@localhost ~]#mysql -u root –p ewBa8LKkumQn

mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('Abc_123456'); #修改密码为Abc_123456

****如果没有root用户的初始密码，可以修改my.cnf，加上skip-grant-tables，重启mysqld服务进

入无密码模式，修改mysql库下的user表，update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root';

（在5.7.19版本中用户密码字段为authentication_string，其他有的版本为password字段）

退出mysql，将my.cnf中的skip-grant-tables删除，重启mysqld服务，即可用修改之后的root密码登陆****

 

6.允许远程登陆

mysql> select host,user,authentication_string from user;

+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

| host | user | authentication_string |

+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

| localhost | root | *D6711BADD6AFBA33B6F31F9134644ADEE758255B |

| localhost | mysql.session | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |

| localhost | mysql.sys | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |

+-----------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

 

mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost'; #设置为可以远程登陆

mysql> flush privileges;

mysql> exit

7.设置开机自启动

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysqld on

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list|grep mysqld

mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

8.修改字符集和数据存储路径

配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.

[client]

default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]

default-storage-engine=INNODB

character-set-server=utf8

collation-server=utf8_general_ci

#(注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认：表名区分大小写，列名不区分大小写； 0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写)

lower_case_table_names=1

#(设置最大连接数，默认为 151，MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384; )

max_connections=1000

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8

 

9查看当前字符集

show variables like '%collation%';

show variables like '%char%';

 

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**********************************keepalived安装及配置******************************************

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一、mysql主主备份环境配置：

1.192.1.1.158上mysql配置修改

a) 编辑/etc/my.cnf文件，

在[mysqld]中加如server-id=172192158 和log-bin=mysql-bin

b) 重启mysql，创建授权用户：

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'Abc_123456'; #replication 为用户名 Abc_123456为该用户的密码

c) 查看master状态

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-bin.000002 | 436 | | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

上面的File和Postion是另一台服务器所需要用到的信息

 

2.192.1.1.158上mysql配置修改

a) 编辑/etc/my.cnf文件，

在[mysqld]中加如server-id=172192158 和log-bin=mysql-bin

b) 重启mysql，创建授权用户：

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'Abc_123456'; #replication 为用户名 Abc_123456为该用户的密码

c) 查看master状态

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

| mysql-bin.000002 | 436 | | | |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

上面的File和Postion是另一台服务器所需要用到的信息

3.设置主备

a) 登陆到192.1.1.158上执行

mysql> change master to master_host='192.1.1.160',master_user='replication',master_password='Abc_123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=436;

b) 查看备份状态：

mysql> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.1.1.160

Master_User: replication

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 436

Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 320

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 436

Relay_Log_Space: 531

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 172192160

Master_UUID: 22ef1cd3-6dc4-11e7-8692-0050568c6ba9

Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

c) 登陆到192.1.1.160上执行

mysql> change master to master_host='192.1.1.158',master_user='replication',master_password='Abc_123456',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000002',master_log_pos=436;

d) 查看备份状态：

mysql> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

Master_Host: 192.1.1.158

Master_User: replication

Master_Port: 3306

Connect_Retry: 60

Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

Read_Master_Log_Pos: 436

Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002

Relay_Log_Pos: 320

Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

Slave_IO_Running: Yes

Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

Replicate_Do_DB:

Replicate_Ignore_DB:

Replicate_Do_Table:

Replicate_Ignore_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

Last_Errno: 0

Last_Error:

Skip_Counter: 0

Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 436

Relay_Log_Space: 531

Until_Condition: None

Until_Log_File:

Until_Log_Pos: 0

Master_SSL_Allowed: No

Master_SSL_CA_File:

Master_SSL_CA_Path:

Master_SSL_Cert:

Master_SSL_Cipher:

Master_SSL_Key:

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

Last_IO_Errno: 0

Last_IO_Error:

Last_SQL_Errno: 0

Last_SQL_Error:

Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

Master_Server_Id: 172192158

Master_UUID: 711791c2-6db4-11e7-9b3f-0050568ce1ac

Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info

SQL_Delay: 0

SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates

Master_Retry_Count: 86400

Master_Bind:

Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

Master_SSL_Crl:

Master_SSL_Crlpath:

Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

Executed_Gtid_Set:

Auto_Position: 0

Replicate_Rewrite_DB:

Channel_Name:

Master_TLS_Version:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

问题：

1.出现Slave_IO_Running:No 和Slave_SQL_Running:No的情况

mysql> stop slave;

将设置主备步骤重新做一边 然后再重新启动slave即可解决

mysql> start slave;

二、安装keepalived

1、安装keepalived

    yum install keepalived

2.创建健康检查脚本MySql.sh，当mysql关闭时，会自动执行这个脚本，关闭keepalived

 

脚本内容如下：

#pkill keepalived 
#!/bin/bash 
  
MYSQL=/usr/bin/mysql 
MYSQL_HOST=localhost 
MYSQL_USER=root 
MYSQL_PASSWORD="Abc_123456" 
  
CHECK_TIME=3 
  
#mysql is working MYSQL_OK is 0 , mysql down MYSQL_OK is 1 
MYSQL_OK=1 
  
function check_mysql_helth (){ 
$MYSQL -h $MYSQL_HOST -u $MYSQL_USER -p $MYSQL_PASSWORD -e "show status;" > /dev/null 2>&1 
if [ $? = 0 ] ;then 
MYSQL_OK=0 
else 
MYSQL_OK=1 
fi 
return $MYSQL_OK 
} 
  
while [ $CHECK_TIME -ne 0 ] 
do 
let "CHECK_TIME -= 1" 
  
check_mysql_helth 
  
if [ $MYSQL_OK = 0 ] ; then 
CHECK_TIME=0 
exit 0 
fi 
  
if [ $MYSQL_OK -eq 1 ] && [ $CHECK_TIME -eq 1 ] 
then 
   /etc/init.d/keepalived stop 
exit 1 
fi 
  
sleep 1 
  
done 

 

 

3、192.1.1.158的配置文档/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf如下：

global_defs {  

      notification_email {   #当出错时，发送邮件给谁

      [email protected]

      }  

      notification_email_from  [email protected]

      smtp_server 127.0.0.1  

      smtp_connect_timeout 30  

      router_id MySQL-ha  

      }  

  

 vrrp_instance VI_1 {  

      state MASTER #一台配置为master 一台为backup 

      interface eth0  #需要绑定的网卡

      virtual_router_id 51  #ID，两台机器的ID必须一样

      priority 100   #优先级，另一台改为90  ，优先级高的自动竞选为master

      advert_int 1  

      nopreempt  #不抢占，只在优先级高的机器上设置即可，优先级低的机器不设置  

      authentication {  

      auth_type PASS  

      auth_pass 1111  

      }  

      virtual_ipaddress {  

      192.1.1.161  #VIP地址

      }  

      }  

 

virtual_server 192.1.1.161 3306 {  

      delay_loop 2   #每隔2秒检查一次real_server状态  

      lb_algo rr   #LVS算法  

      lb_kind DR    #LVS模式  

      persistence_timeout 60   #会话保持时间 

nat_mask 255.255.255.0  #掩码

      protocol TCP  

      real_server 192.1.1.158 3306 {  

      weight 1  

     notify_down /home/dataprocess/MySQL.sh  #检测到服务down后执行的脚本  

     TCP_CHECK {  

     connect_timeout 10    #连接超时时间  

     nb_get_retry 3       #重连次数  

     delay_before_retry 3   #重连间隔时间  

    connect_port 3306   #健康检查端口  

     }

}

}

 

4、192.1.1.160的配置文档/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf如下：

 global_defs {  

      notification_email {  

      [email protected]

      }  

      notification_email_from [email protected]

      smtp_server 127.0.0.1  

      smtp_connect_timeout 30  

      router_id MySQL-ha  

      }

 

vrrp_instance VI_1 {  

      state BACKUP

      interface eth0 

      virtual_router_id 51  

      priority 90  

      advert_int 1  

      authentication {  

      auth_type PASS  

      auth_pass 1111

      }  

      virtual_ipaddress {  

      192.1.1.161

      }  

      }  

  

 virtual_server 192.1.1.161 3306 {  

      delay_loop 2  

      lb_algo rr  

      lb_kind DR  

      persistence_timeout 60

nat_mask 255.255.255.0  

      protocol TCP  

      real_server 192.1.1.160 3306 {  

      weight 1  

      notify_down /home/dataprocess/MySQL.sh 

      TCP_CHECK {  

      connect_timeout 10  

      nb_get_retry 3  

      delay_before_retry 3  

      connect_port 3306  

      }

}

}

7、启动keepalived：

service keepalived start

可以在master机器上，运行ip a，可以查看到VIP的绑定

keepalived的日志：/var/log/message

 

 

8.使用mysql -u root -p -h 192.1.1.161登陆mysql

[app@localhost ~]$ mysql -u root -p -h 192.1.1.161

 

输入show variables like 'server_id' 查看当前使用的mysql

mysql> show variables like 'server_id' ;

+---------------+-----------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-----------+

| server_id | 172192158 |

+---------------+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

关闭当前节点 再次查看

mysql> show variables like 'server_id' ;

+---------------+-----------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-----------+

| server_id | 172192160 |

+---------------+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

节点已经自动切换，集群成功。

 

**在节点切换过程中可能会出现找不到链接的情况，但是稍等一下就可以了。

mysql> show variables like 'server_id' ;

+---------------+-----------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-----------+

| server_id | 172192160 |

+---------------+-----------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> show variables like 'server_id' ;

ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query

mysql> show variables like 'server_id' ;

ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away

No connection. Trying to reconnect...

Connection id: 20301

Current database: *** NONE ***

 

+---------------+-----------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-----------+

| server_id | 172192158 |

+---------------+-----------+

1 row in set (0.02 sec)