考研英语之语法知识点整理——6.普通结构的长难句

本系列博客汇总在这里：考研英语知识点汇总系列博客

六、普通结构的长难句

1 断开

1.1 标点

1.1.1 逗号

逗号可以用来断开句子，且必须有连接词

The idea is intuitively compelling,but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.

1.1.2 冒号

冒号连接后面的句子表达进一步的解释说明

It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous:most adults understand that a bady is not a haircut.

1.1.3 分号

分号表示并列关系

Moreover,average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail;wholesale demand from the food services sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consoldate.

1.2 连接词

开始：
并列连词：and、but、or (用来连接并列句)
从属连词：because、if、while、although、as (用来引导状语从句)
关系词：that、how、wh-(what、who、whom、which、whose、when、where、why)
结束：
标点
下一个连接词
第二个谓语动词前

1.2.1 从句结束于标点

One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise,however,is that Gilbert is comparatively little known.
Some species of trees have been “read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly,or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.

1.2.2 从句结束于下一个连接词

But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.
That whispered message,half invitation and half forcing,is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure.

1.2.3 从句结束于第二个谓语动词前

The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.
Second,the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.

补充：
如果连接词前后的不是句子(即没有谓语动词)，则连接词无效，不需要断开

1.3 分析主谓

1.3.1 主谓主谓，则后面的为从句

The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning,…
In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.

1.3.2 主主谓谓，则中间的为从句

When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it shapes is inescapably political…
The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.

2 简化

① 定位谓语动词
② 去修饰找核心
核心：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语
非核心：形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、同位语、插入语

The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009.
During the late 1990s,national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds – including government,higher education,non-profit and corporate – varied from around 4% to 25%;…
Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century,perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.