python生成一个验证码图片

一. 什么是PIL

PIL：是Python Image Library的缩写，图像处理的模块。主要的类包括Image，ImageFont，ImageDraw，ImageFilter

二. 安装PIL模块

pip install Pillow

然后就可以调用类：

from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont, ImageFilter

三.生成验证码

1. 生成随机字母

def rndChar():
        """生成随机字母"""
	return chr(random.randint(65, 90))

2. 生成随机颜色

def rndColor():
        """生成随机颜色(RGB格式)"""
    r = random.randint(0, 255)
    g = random.randint(0, 255)
    b = random.randint(0, 255)
	return (r ,g ,b)

3.获取验证码图片

def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='Monaco.ttf', font_size=28):
    code = []
    # 获取一个Image对象，参数分别是RGB模式。宽120，高30，颜色为白色
    img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
    # 获取一个画笔对象，将图片对象传过去
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')

    # 写文字
    # 获取字体以及字体大小
    font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
    for i in range(char_length):
        char = rndChar()
        code.append(char)
        h = random.randint(0, 4)
        draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰点
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())

    # 写干扰圆圈
    for i in range(40):
        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
        x = random.randint(0, width)
        y = random.randint(0, height)
        draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())

    # 画干扰线
    for i in range(5):
        x1 = random.randint(0, width)
        y1 = random.randint(0, height)
        x2 = random.randint(0, width)
        y2 = random.randint(0, height)

        draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())

    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
    return img, ''.join(code)

4.封装代码

class ValidCodeImg:
	"""生成验证码"""
	
	def rndChar():
        """生成随机字母"""
		return chr(random.randint(65, 90))
		
	def rndColor():
        """生成随机颜色(RGB格式)"""
	    r = random.randint(0, 255)
	    g = random.randint(0, 255)
	    b = random.randint(0, 255)
		return (r ,g ,b)
		
	def check_code(width=120, height=30, char_length=5, font_file='Monaco.ttf', font_size=28):
	    code = []
	    img = Image.new(mode='RGB', size=(width, height), color=(255, 255, 255))
	    # 获取一个画笔对象，将图片对象传过去
	    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img, mode='RGB')
	
	    # 写文字
	    # 获取字体以及字体大小
	    font = ImageFont.truetype(font_file, font_size)
	    for i in range(char_length):
	        char = rndChar()
	        code.append(char)
	        h = random.randint(0, 4)
	        draw.text([i * width / char_length, h], char, font=font, fill=rndColor())
	
	    # 写干扰点
	    for i in range(40):
	        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
	
	    # 写干扰圆圈
	    for i in range(40):
	        draw.point([random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height)], fill=rndColor())
	        x = random.randint(0, width)
	        y = random.randint(0, height)
	        draw.arc((x, y, x + 4, y + 4), 0, 90, fill=rndColor())
	
	    # 画干扰线
	    for i in range(5):
	        x1 = random.randint(0, width)
	        y1 = random.randint(0, height)
	        x2 = random.randint(0, width)
	        y2 = random.randint(0, height)
	
	        draw.line((x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor())
	
	    img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)
	    return img, ''.join(code)

if __name__ == '__main__':
	img = ValidCodeImg()
    image_object, code = img.check_code()

    # 把图片写入文件
    """
    with open('code.png', 'wb') as f:
        image_object.save(f, format='png')
    """

    # 把图片的内容写到内存 stream
    from io import BytesIO
    stream = BytesIO()
    image_object.save(stream, 'png')
    stream.getvalue()